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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, d. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, h.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.h. Chen, S. Chen, S.h. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.d. Cui, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.h. Cui, Y.d. dai, B.Z. dai, h.L. dai, Z.G. danzengluobu dong, X.Q. duan, K.K. Fan, J.h. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.h. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, h. Feng, L. Feng, S.h. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.d. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.h. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.h. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. han, Y.A. hasan, M. he, h.h. he, h.N. he, J.Y. he, Y. hor, Y.K. hou, B.W. hou, C. hou, X. hu, h.B. hu, Q. hu, S.C. huang, d.h. huang, T.Q. huang, W.J. huang, X.T. huang, X.Y. huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, h.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, d. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, d. Li, F. Li, h.B. Li, h.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.d. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, S.J. liu, B. liu, C. liu, d. liu, d.B. liu, h. liu, h.d. liu, J. liu, J.L. liu, M.Y. liu, R.Y. liu, S.M. liu, W. liu, Y. liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, h.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.h. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, h.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, d. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, d. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.d. Shu, F.W. Song, h.C. Stenkin, Yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, Y. Sun, d.X. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.h.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312 Russia hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (SNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. however, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large high Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LhAASO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LhAASO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LhAASO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 Science China Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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A Review of Botulism in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第3期3卷 326-336页

作者： GAO Q.Y. hUANG Y.F. WU J.G. liu h.d. XIA h.Q Institute of Food Safety Control and Inspection Ministry of Public Health 29 Nan Wei Road Beijing 100050 Sanitary and Antiepidemic Station of Urumqi City Urumqi Xinjiang Autonomous Region Sanitary and Antiepidemic Station of Tachen district Tachen Xinjiang Autonomous Region Pipeline Bureau hospital Ministry of Petroleum Langfang HebeiPeople's Republic of China

The epidemiological characteristics and etiology of botulisin in China, as well as the distribution of different types of Clustridium bolulinum in China; are *** 1989, 15 provinces and autonomous regions reported the occurrence of *** were 2861 cases involved in 745 *** the cases 421 died, with a case fatality of 14.7%.The main epidemiological characteristics of botulism in China are: (i) the major foods causing botulism are homemade fermented bean products which accounted for 62.6% of the cases; (ii) the incubation period is longer (3 h-54 days) than that described in the western literature (mostly 2-7 days); (iii) the peak occurrence is from February to May; (iv) the progression of symptoms and signs is slower than that of western *** types of *** the exception of type G, have been found in *** distribution of various types of *** is significantly different between southern and northern China; this is related to the latitude and is correlated with the prevalence of this *** of the botulism outbreaks occurred above 30° north latitude in northern China and outbreaks rarely occurred below 30° north *** surveys showed that the average detection rate of C bolulinum spores in soil and foods in the northern parts of China was 14.8%.while it was only 2.5% in the *** types A, B, *** F, which are involved in human botulism, were frequently found in the North, while types C and d, which are involved only in animal intoxication, were found more frequently in the south. 1990 Academic ***.

关键词： In A Review of Botulism in China

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CFd-dEM simulation of high.d.nsity particles fluidization behaviors in 3d conical spouted beds

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 266-281页

作者： Lin Jiang Mofan Qiu Rongzheng liu Bing liu Youlin Shao Malin liu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The spouted bed has been used in the coating process of high.d.nsity nuclear fuel *** particle fluidization behaviors in pseudo-2d and 3d spouted beds were simulated and *** effects of four independent variables(cone angle,particle density,inlet gas velocity,and particle loading)on particle fluidization behaviors in the 3d spouted bed were investigated *** cone angle effect on fluidization mechanism was studied quantitatively first time.A new fluidization quality index was proposed based on the particle entrainment principle,and an extreme value was obtained when the cone angle was 60°,considered to be the optimum value for the 3d conical spouted *** was indicated the gas–solid contact efficiency can be kept up if the gas velocity was proportional to ρ_(p)^(0.65) and N_(p)^(0.78) when the particle density or loading was *** results will be useful for geometry and operation parameters design of the 3d conical spouted bed and helpful for developing the fluidization mechanism of high.d.nsity particles.

关键词： Spouted bed high.d.nsity particle CFd-dEM Fluidization quality index Particle loading

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Modulation mechanism of electron energy dissipation on superlubricity based on fluorinated 2d ZIFs

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3198-3209页

作者： Yuxin Li Lei liu Kunpeng Wang Yuhong liu State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Mechatronic Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Electron energy dissipation is an important energy dissipation pathway that cannot be ignored in friction ***-dimensional zeolite imidazole frameworks(2d ZIFs)and fluorine doping strategies give 2d Zn-ZIF and 2d Co-ZIF unique electrical properties,making them ideal materials for studying electron energy dissipation *** this paper,based on the superlubricity modulation of 2d fluoridated ZIFs,the optimal tribological properties are obtained on the 2d F-Co-ZIF surface,with the friction coefficient as low as *** experiments,density functional theory(dFT)simulation,and fluorescence detection are used to explain the mechanism of fluorine doping regulation of tribological properties from the two stages,namely energy transfer and energy ***,the energy will transfer into the friction system through the generation of electron–hole pairs under an external excitation,and release by radiation and non-radiation energy dissipation *** reduces energy transfer by altering the electronic properties and band structures of ZIFs,and slows down the charge transfer by enhancing the shielding efficiency,thus slowing the non-radiative energy dissipation rate during the energy release *** insights not only help us better understand the role of fluorine doping in improving tribological properties,but also provide a new way to further explore the electron energy dissipation pathway during friction.

关键词： superlubricity electron energy dissipation modulation two-dimensional zeolite imidazole frameworks(2d ZIFs) fluorination

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Automatic modulation recognition of radio fuzes using a dR2d-based adaptive denoising meth.d.and textural feature extraction

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 328-338页

作者： Yangtian liu Xiaopeng Yan Qiang liu Tai An Jian dai Science and Technology on Electromechanical dynamic Control Laboratory School of Mechatronical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China China Research and development Academy of Machinery Equipment Beijing 100089China

The identification of intercepted radio fuze modulation types is a prerequisite for decision-making in interference ***,the electromagnetic environment of modern battlefields is complex,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of such environments is usually low,which makes it difficult to implement accurate recognition of radio *** solve the above problem,a radio fuze automatic modulation recognition(AMR)meth.d.for low-SNR environments is ***,an adaptive denoising algorithm based on data rearrangement and the two-dimensional(2d)fast Fourier transform(FFT)(dR2d)is used to reduce the noise of the intercepted radio fuze intermediate frequency(IF)***,the textural features of the denoised IF signal rearranged data matrix are extracted from the statistical indicator vectors of gray-level cooccurrence matrices(GLCMs),and support vector machines(SVMs)are used for *** dR2d-based adaptive denoising algorithm achieves an average correlation coefficient of more than 0.76 for ten fuze types under SNRs of-10 d B and above,which is higher than that of other typical *** trained SVM classification model achieves an average recognition accuracy of more than 96%on seven modulation types and recognition accuracies of more than 94%on each modulation type under SNRs of-12 d B and above,which represents a good AMR performance of radio fuzes under low SNRs.

关键词： Automatic modulation recognition Adaptive denoising data rearrangement and the 2d FFT(dR2d) Radio fuze

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UKF‐MOT:An unscented Kalman filter‐based 3d multi‐object tracker

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第4期9卷 1031-1041页

作者： Meng liu Jianwei Niu Yu liu Collective Intelligence&Collaboration Laboratory China North Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Research InstituteBeijingChina China North Vehicle Research Institute BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Software development Environment School of Computer Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Computer Science and EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijingChina

Multi‐object tracking in autonomous driving is a non‐linear *** better address the tracking problem,this paper leveraged an unscented Kalman filter to predict the object's *** the association stage,the Mahalanobis distance was employed as an affinity metric,and a Non‐minimum Suppression meth.d.was designed for *** the detections fed into the tracker and continuous‘predicting‐matching’steps,the states of each object at different time steps were described as their own continuous *** conducted extensive experiments to evaluate tracking accuracy on three challenging datasets(KITTI,nuScenes and Waymo).The experimental results demon-strated that our meth.d.effectively achieved multi‐object tracking with satisfactory ac-curacy and real‐time efficiency.

关键词： autonomous vehicle transportation

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Bioinspired 4d Printing Shape-Memory Polyurethane Rhinoplasty Prosthesis for dynamic Aesthetic Adjustment

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1397-1411页

作者： Jiaqi liu Guiwei Li he liu Jincheng Wang hui Wang Xue Gao Qingping liu Chenyu Wang department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China department of Orthopaedics The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130041China Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) Jilin UniversityChangchun130022China

The disparity between the postoperative outcomes of rhinoplasty and the expected results frequently necessitates secondary or multiple surgeries as a compensatory measure,greatly diminishing patient ***,there is renewed optimism for addressing these challenges through the innovative realm of Four-dimensional(4d)*** groundbreaking technology enables three-dimensional objects with shape-memory properties to undergo predictable transformations under specific external ***,implants crafted using 4d printing offer significant potential for dynamic *** by worms in our research,we harnessed 4d printing to fabricate a Shape-Memory Polyurethane(SMPU)for use as a nasal augmentation *** choice of SMPU was guided by its Glass Transition Temperature(Tg),which falls within the acceptable temperature range for the human *** attribute allowed for temperature-responsive intraoperative self-deformation and postoperative *** chosen animal model for experimentation was *** into account the anatomical structure of the rabbit nose,we designed and produced nasal augmentation prostheses with superior *** prostheses were then surgically implanted in a minimally invasive manner into the rabbit ***,they exhibited successful temperature-controlled in-surgery self-deformation according to the predetermined shape and non-invasive remodeling within a mere 9 days *** histological evaluations confirmed the practical viability of these prostheses in a living *** research findings posit that worm-inspired 4d-printed SMPU nasal prostheses hold significant promise for achieving dynamic aesthetic adjustments.

关键词： 4d printing Shape memory polyurethane Rhinoplasty Self-deformation dynamic aesthetic adjustment

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Quasi-2d weak lensing cosmological constraints using the PdF-SYM method

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 44-58页

作者： Zhenjie liu Jun Zhang hekun Li Zhi Shen Cong liu department of Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Shanghai 200240China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China

Cosmic shear statistics,such as the two-point correlation function(2PCF),can be evaluated with the PdF-SYM meth.d.instead of the traditional weighted-sum *** makes use of the full PdF information of the shear estimators,and does not require weightings on the shear estimators,which can in principle introduce additional systematic *** work presents our constraints on S8and?mfrom the shear-shear correlations using the PdF-SYM *** data we use is from the z-band images of the dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey(dECa LS),which covers about 10000 deg2with more than 100 million *** shear catalog is produced by the Fourier Quad meth.d.and well tested on the real data itself with the field-distortion *** main approach is called quasi-2d as we do use the photo-z information of each individual galaxy,but without dividing the galaxies into redshift *** mainly use galaxy pairs within the redshift interval between 0.2 and 1.3,and the angular range from 4.7 to 180 *** analysis yields S8=0.762±0.026 and?m=0.234±0.075,with the baryon effects and the intrinsic alignments *** results are robust against redshift *** check the consistency of our results by deriving the cosmological constraints from auto-correlations ofγ1andγ2separately,and find that they are consistent with each other,but the constraints from theγ1component are much weaker than that fromγ*** implies a much worse data quality ofγ1,which is likely due to additional shear uncertainties caused by CCd electronics(according to the survey strategy of dECa LS).We also perform a pure 2d analysis,which gives S8=0.81_(-0.04)^(+0.03)and?m=0.25_(-0.05)^(+0.06).Our findings demonstrate the potential of the PdF-SYM meth.d.for precision cosmology.

关键词： weak lensing shear-shear correlations cosmological parameters observations analysis

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Graphene reinforced nanoarchitectonics of 3d interconnected magnetic-dielectric frameworks for high-efficient and anti-corrosive microwave absorbers

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 194-207页

作者： Chenchen liu Xiaofang Feng Shuning liu Guo Lin Zhongxiang Bai Lingling Wang Ke Zhu Xiulan Li Xiaobo liu School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Novel CN Polymeric Materials Chengdu611731China School of Chemical Engineering Northwest UniversityXi’an710069China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China

The combination of high efficiency and environmental stability is vital to promote the commercial appli-cations of microwave absorption(MA)materials,yet remains challenging in the absence of facile ***,we put forward a graphene-reinforced construct approach for one-pot synthesis of 3d intercon-nected magnetic-dielectric frameworks via pre-functionalization and subsequent *** in-teractions among discrete precursors are capable of manipulating the confined growth and interfacial *** enhancements in MA properties are triggered in a straightforward manner us-ing ultralow feeding fractions of graphene oxide *** minimum reflection loss is up to-60.1 dB(99.9999%wave absorption)and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 5.9 Ghz(almost covering the Ku band).Remarkably,based on the optimization by ultralow concentrations of graphene,the as-prepared nanoarchitecture simultaneously integrates strong absorption,broad bandwidth,and low matching *** embedded graphene nanosheets serve as high-speed electron transmission channels and hollow resonance cavities,facilitating multimode attenuations and impedance-matching ***-while,the graphene-reinforced framework suppresses the corrosion of magnetic components,whose cor-rosion rate reduces by an order of *** study provides a simple procedure to boost magnetic-dielectric absorbers for comprehensive MA performances and enhanced corrosion resistance.

关键词： 3d Magnetic-dielectric framework Graphene nanosheet Microwave absorption Anti-corrosion

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Advancing Wound Filling Extraction on 3d Faces:An Auto-Segmentation and Wound Face Regeneration Approach

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 2197-2214页

作者： duong Q.Nguyen Thinh.d.Le Phuong d.Nguyen Nga T.K.Le h.Nguyen-Xuan department of Mathematics and Statistics Quy Nhon UniversityQuy Nhon City55100Viet Nam Applied Research Institute for Science and Technology Quy Nhon UniversityQuy Nhon City55100Viet Nam CIRTECh Institute HUTECH UniversityHo Chi Minh City72308Viet Nam

Facial wound segmentation plays a crucial role in preoperative planning and optimizing patient outcomes in various medical *** this paper,we propose an efficient approach for automating 3d facial wound segmentation using a two-stream graph convolutional *** meth.d.leverages the Cir3d-FaIR dataset and addresses the challenge of data imbalance through extensive experimentation with.d.fferent loss *** achieve accurate segmentation,we conducted thorough experiments and selected a high-performing model from the *** selectedmodel demonstrates exceptional segmentation performance for complex 3d facial ***,based on the segmentation model,we propose an improved approach for extracting 3d facial wound fillers and compare it to the results of the previous *** meth.d.achieved a remarkable accuracy of 0.9999993% on the test suite,surpassing the performance of the previous *** this result,we use 3d printing technology to illustrate the shape of the wound *** outcomes of this study have significant implications for physicians involved in preoperative planning and intervention *** automating facial wound segmentation and improving the accuracy ofwound-filling extraction,our approach can assist in carefully assessing and optimizing interventions,leading to enhanced patient ***,it contributes to advancing facial reconstruction techniques by utilizing machine learning and 3d bioprinting for printing skin tissue *** source code is available at https://***/SIMOGroup/WoundFilling3d.

关键词： 3d printing technology face reconstruction 3d segmentation 3d printed model

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