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Transient elastography for the assessment of chronic liver disease: Ready for the clinic?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第36期13卷 4791-4797页

作者： JFL Cobbold S Morin SD taylor-Robinson Division of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London London United Kingdom

Transient elastography is a recently developed non- invasive technique for the assessment of hepatic fi brosis. The technique has been subject to rigorous evaluation in a number of studies in patients with chronic liver disease of varying aetiology. Transient elastography has been compared with histological assessment of percutaneous liver biopsy, with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cirrhosis, and has also been used to assess pre-cirrhotic disease. However, the cut-off values between different histological stages vary substantially in different studies, patient groups and aetiology of liver disease. More recent studies have examined the possible place of transient elastography in clinical practice, including risk stratifi cation for the development of complications of cirrhosis. This review describes the technique of transient elastography and discusses the interpretation of recent studies, emphasizing its applicability in the clinical setting.

关键词： FibroScan Transient elastography Liver stiffness measurement Hepatic fibrosis Hepatitis

Oxytocin structure and function in New World monkeys:from pharmacology to behavior

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 634-654页

作者： Aaryn MUSTOE Jack H.taylor Jeffrey A.FRENCH Program in Neuroscience and Behavior University of Nebraska at OmahaOmahaNebraskaUSA

Oxytocin(OT)is a hypothalamic nonapeptide that mediates a host of physiological and behavioral processes in-cluding reproductive physiology and social *** the OT sequence structure is highly conserved among mammals,New World monkeys(NWMs)represent an unusual“hot spot”in OT structure variability among *** least 6 distinct OT ligand variants among NWMs exist,yet it is currently unclear whether these evolved structural changes result in meaningful functional *** offer a new area to explore how these modifications to OT and its canonical G-protein coupled OT receptor(OTR)may mediate specific cellular,physiological and behavioral *** this review,we highlight relationships between OT ligand and OTR structural variability,specifically examining coevolution between OT ligands,OTRs,and physiological and behavioral phenotypes across *** consider whether these evolved modifications to the OT structure alter pharmacological profiles at human and marmoset OTRs,including changes to receptor binding,intracellular signaling and receptor ***,we evaluate whether exogenous manipulation using OT variants in marmoset monkeys differentially enhance or impair behavioral processes involved in social relationships between pairmates,opposite-sex strangers,and parents and their ***,it appears that changes to OT ligands in NWMs result in important changes ranging from cellular signaling to broad measures of social behavior.

关键词： cell signaling marmoset oxytocin receptor pharmacology social behavior

The association between Tai Chi exercise and safe driving performance among older adults： An observational study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 83-94页

作者： Sally Miller Ruth E.taylor-Piliae School of Nursing Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37240 USA College of Nursing The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Background: Age-related cognitive and physical decline can impair safe driving performance. Tai Chi exercise benefits cognitive and physical function and may influence safe driving performance in older adults. The primary aim of this observational study was to compare cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance among older adult Tai Chi practitioners to normative reference *** aims were to examine relationships between Tai Chi exercise habits, cognitive processes, and physical function related to safe driving performance and to explore potential predictors of safe driving ***: The Driving Health Inventory, the Driving Scenes Test, other driving-related cognitive and physical measures, and self-reported measures including the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS) and the Vitality Plus Scale(VPS) were collected from current Tai Chi practitioners(n = 58; age 72.9 ± 5.9 years, mean ± SD) with median >3 years Tai Chi ***: Compared to normative reference values, participants performed better on numerous cognitive measures including the Driving Scenes Test(p < 0.001, d = 1.63), maze navigation(p = 0.017, d = 0.27), the Useful Field of View Test(p < 0.001, r = 0.15), and on physical measures including the Rapid Walk Test(p < 0.001, r = 0.20), and the Right Foot Tapping Test,(p < 0.001, r = 0.35). Participants scored higher than normative reference values on MAAS and VPS(p < 0.001, d = 0.75; p = 0.002, d = 0.38, respectively). Statistically significant correlations were found between several study measures. The digit span backward test was the strongest predictor of safe driving performance(β = 0.34,p = 0.009).Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise has the potential to impact cognitive processes and physical function related to safe driving performance. Further study using randomized controlled trials, structured Tai Chi exercise doses, and driving simulator or on-road driving performance as outcome measures

关键词： Automobile driving Driving performance Exercise Older adults Physical activity Tai Chi

Simulation and animation model to boost mining efficiency and enviro-friendly in multi-pit operations

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第4期25卷 671-674页

作者： Tarshizi Ebrahim Sturgul John Ibarra Virginia taylor Danny Mining & Metallurgical Engineering Department University of Nevada Reno School of Civil Environmental and Mining Engineering University of Adelaide

A discrete-event system simulation and animation program was developed to enhance the efficiency of a truck-excavator operation and reduce the environmental impact of haulage in an open-cut coal mine with multiple-pit operations. In any mine, a key objective is to have sufficient equipment for production and not to have excess to where it becomes counterproductive. Due to the advent of responsible mining,environmental regulations, and eco-friendly practices, these factors must also be considered in the analysis. Simulation studies can be financially advantageous for both the optimization of existing mine operations and new development phases in a mine. This study is a new approach to use discrete-event system simulation for mine systems, in order to investigate and possibly reduce environmental impact considering mining haulage performance and production target. A hypothetical layout of a surface coal mine with two pit operations was used for the simulation and animation model. The simulation model includes the animation of the operation. Animation is helpful to enhance the benefit of a mine simulation model. GPSS/Hòand Proof Professionalòwere the software used for the investigation.

关键词： Simulation and animation Multiple-pit mining Equipment efficiency Truck-excavator allocation Environmental impact WEB-based simulation

Inter-signal interaction and uncertain information in anuran multimodal signals

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： Ryan C. taylor Barrett A. KLEIN Michael J. RYAN Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA Section of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disentangling the influence of multiple signal components on receivers and elucidating general processes influencing complex signal evolution are difficult tasks. In this study we test mate preferences of female squirrel treefrogs Hyla squirella and female tungara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus for similar combinations of acoustic and visual components of their multimodal courtship signals. In a two-choice playback experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visual stimulus of a male model significantly increased the attractivness of a relatively unattractive slow call rate. A previous study demonstrated that faster call rates are more attractive to female squirrel treefrogs, and all else being equal, models of male frogs with large body stripes are more attractive. In a similar experiment with female tungara frogs, the visual stimulus of a robotic frog failed to increase the attractiveness of a relatively unattractive call. Females also showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot that males commonly bear on their throat. Thus, features of conspicuous signal components such as body stripes are not universally important and signal function is likely to differ even among species with similar ecologies and communication systems. Finally, we discuss the putative information content of anuran signals and suggest that the categorization of redundant versus multiple messages may not be sufficient as a general explanation for the evolution of multimodal signaling. Instead of relying on untested assumptions concerning the information content of signals, we discuss the value of initially collecting comparative empirical data sets related to receiver responses.

关键词： Inter-signal interaction Multimodal signaling Signal detection Signal weighting Squirrel treefrog Hyla squirella Tfingara frog Physalaemus pustulosus Vocal sac

Enhanced enzymatic removal of anthracene by the mangrove soil-derived fungus,Aspergillus sydowii BPOI

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第6期14卷 223-235页

作者： Paul Olusegun Bankole Kirk taylor Semple Byong-Hun Jeon Sanjay Prabhu Govindwar Department of Pure and Applied Botany College of BiosciencesFederal University of Agriculture AbeokutaOgun State 234039Nigeria Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LAI 4YQUK Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

The present study investigated the efficiency of Aspergillus sydowii strain bpol(GenBank Accession Number:MK373021)in the removal of anthracene(100 mg/L).Optimal degradation efficiency(98.7%)was observed at neutral pH,temperature(30℃),biomass weight(2 g)and salinity(0.2%w/v)within 72 *** enzyme analyses revealed 131%,107%,and 89%induction in laccase,lignin peroxidase,and manganese peroxidase respectively during anthracene ***,the degradation efficiency(99.8%)and enzyme induction were significantly enhanced with the addition of 100 mg/L of citric acid and glucose to the *** varying anthracene concentrations(100-500 mg/L),the degradation rate constants(K1)peaked with increasing concentration of anthracene while the half-life(t1/2)decreases with increase in anthracene *** of fit(R2=0.976 and 0.982)was observed when the experimental data were subjected to Langmuir and Temkin models respectively which affirmed the monolayer and heterogeneous nature exhibited by *** cells during *** distinct metabolites;anthracene-1,8,9(2H,8aH,9aH)-trione,2,4adihydronaphthalene-1,5-dione,l,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-4,7-dione and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid was obtained through Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry(GC-MS).*** exhibited promising potentials in the removal of PAHs.

关键词： Aspergillus sydowii Anthracene Biodegradation Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the proliferation of adult hippocampal neural stem and precursor cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第4期57卷 403-411页

作者： taylor Chanel J HE RongQiao BARTLETT Perry F Queensland Brain Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbane Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

New neurons are continuously generated from resident pools of neural stem and precursor cells(NSPCs)in the adult *** are multiple pathways through which adult neurogenesis is regulated,and here we review the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)in regulating the proliferation of NSPCs in the adult ***-dependent learning tasks,enriched environments,running,and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity,all potently up-regulate hippocampal NSPC *** first consider the requirement of the NMDAR in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity,and the role the induction of synaptic plasticity has in regulating NSPCs and newborn *** address how specific NMDAR agonists and antagonists modulate proliferation,both in vivo and in vitro,and then review the evidence supporting the hypothesis that NMDARs are present on *** believe it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the activation of adult neurogenesis,given the potential that endogenous stem cell populations have for repopulating the hippocampus with functional new *** conditions such as age-related memory decline,neurodegeneration and psychiatric disease,mature neurons are lost or become defective;as such,stimulating adult neurogenesis may provide a therapeutic strategy to overcome these conditions.

关键词： adult neurogenesis stem cell precursor cell NMDA receptor hippocampus synaptic plasticity long-term potentiation(LTP)

Post Locoregional Therapy Treatment Imaging in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients:A Literature-based Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 189-197页

作者： Shamar Young Andrew J.taylor Tina Sanghvi Department of Radiology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)as well as in determining treatment efficacy,or complications,following *** other cancers,HCC is most commonly treated by locoregional therapies(LRTs)such as thermal ablation,transarterial chemoembolization,and transarterial *** treatments can lead to changes on imaging that make determination of residual/recurrent disease *** literature-based review dis-cusses the expected postimaging findings following LRT.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) Thermal ablation Transarterial radioembolization(TARE) Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Shallow Shear-Wave Velocities for Las Vegas, Nevada, Using Sediment Type

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第3期20卷 555-562页

作者： Barbara Luke Helena Murvosh Wanda taylor Jeff Wagoner University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV USA Stanley Consultants Inc. Las Vegas NV USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore CA USA

A three-dimensional model of near-surface shear-wave velocity in the deep alluvial basin underlying the metropolitan area of Las Vegas, Nevada （USA）, is being developed for earthquake site response projections. The velocity dataset, which includes 230 measurements, is interpolated across the model using depth-dependent correlations of velocity with sediment type. The sediment-type database contains more than 1 400 well and borehole logs. Sediment sequences reported in logs are assigned to one of four units. A characteristic shear-wave velocity profile is developed for each unit by analyzing closely spaced pairs of velocity profiles and well or borehole logs. The resulting velocity model exhibits reasonable values and patterns, although it does not explicitly honor the measured shear-wave velocity profiles. Site response investigations that applied a preliminary version of the velocity model support a two-zone ground-shaking hazard model for the valley. Areas in which clay predominates in the upper 30 m are predicted to have stronger ground motions than the rest of the basin.

关键词： shear-wave velocity earthquake site response site amplification microzonation sediment type.