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Development of an operational land water mask for mODIS Collection 6,and influence on downstream data products

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第2期10卷 207-218页

作者： m.L.Carroll C.m.Dimiceli J.R.G.Townshend R.A.Sohlberg A.I.Elders S.Devadiga A.m.Sayer R.C.Levy NASA/GSFC Biospheric Sciences Laboratory GreenbeltMDUSA Science Systems and Applications Inc. LanhamMDUSA Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Atmospheric Oceanic and Earth SciencesGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVAUSA NASA/GSFC Terrestrial Information Systems Laboratory GreenbeltMDUSA fGoddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research Universities Space Research AssociationGreenbeltMDUSA NASA/GSFC Climate and Radiation Laboratory GreenbeltMDUSA

Data from the moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(mODIS)on-board the Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua satellites are processed using a land water mask to determine when an algorithm no longer needs to be run or when an algorithm needs to follow a different *** the fourth reprocessing(Collection 6(C6))the mODIS team replaced the 1 km water mask with a 500 m water mask for improved representation of the continental *** new water mask represents more small water bodies for an overall increase in water surface from 1%to 2%of the continental *** this is still a small fraction of the overall global surface area the increase is more dramatic in certain areas such as the Arctic and Boreal regions where there are dramatic increases in water surface area in the new *** products generated by the on-going C6 reprocessing using the new land water mask show significant impact in areas with high concentrations of change in the land water *** differences between the Collection 5(C5)and C6 water masks and the impact of these differences on the mOD04 aerosol product and the mOD11 land surface temperature product are shown.

关键词： Earth observation image processing land cover remote sensing water resources

management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the middle East

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第25期26卷 3528-3541页

作者： Faisal m Sanai Faisal Abaalkhail Fuad Hasan muhammad Hamed Farooqi Nawal Al Nahdi Zobair m Younossi Gastroenterology Unit Department of MedicineKing Abdulaziz Medical CityJeddah 21423Saudi Arabia Department of medicine Alfaisal UniversityRiyadh 11533Saudi Arabia Department of Liver Transplant King Fahad Specialist HospitalDammam 32253Saudi Arabia Department of Internal medicine Faculty of MedicineKuwait UniversitySafat 13110Kuwait Dubai Diabetes Center Dubai Health AuthorityDubai 00000United Arab Emirates Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dubai Health AuthorityRashid hospitalDubai 00000United Arab Emirates Department of medicine Inova Fairfax Medical CampusFalls ChurchVA 22042United States

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in the middle East is increasing in parallel to an increase in the prevalence of associated risk factors such as obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 diabetes *** 20%to 30%of the patients progress to develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),a histological subtype of NAFLD,with features of hepatocyte injury such as hepatocyte *** can progress to fibrosis,cirrhosis,and even hepatocellular *** thus causes a substantial burden on healthcare systems and it is imperative that appropriate strategies are discussed at a regional level to facilitate effective management tailored to the needs of the *** fulfil this unmet need,expert gastroenterologists,hepatologists,and endocrinologists from the region came together in three advisory board meetings that were conducted in Saudi Arabia,United Arab Emirates,and Kuwait,to discuss current local challenges in NAFLD screening and diagnosis,and the different available management *** experts discussed the disease burden of NAFLD/NASH in the middle East;screening,diagnosis,and referral patterns in NAFLD;and available treatment options for NAFLD and *** paper summarizes the discussions and opinion of the expert panel on the management of NAFLD/NASH and also presents an extensive literature review on the topic.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis middle East Expert opinion

SYSTEmS ENGINEERING RESEARCH

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2008年第3期17卷 319-333页

作者： Abd-El-Kader SAHRAOUI Dennis m.BUEDE Andrew P.SAGE LAAS-CNRS and Universitéde Toulouse 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche Toulouse31077France Innovative Decisions Inc.2139 Golf Course Dr.RestonVA 20191 USA Dept.of Systems Engineering and Operations Research George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030 USA

In this paper, we propose selected research topics that are believed central to progress and growth in the application of systems engineering （SE）. As a professional activity, and as an intellectual activity, systems engineering has strong links to such associated disciplines as decision analysis, operation research, project management, quality management, and systems design. When focussing on systems engineering research, we should distinguish between subjects that are of systems engineering essence and others that more closely correspond to those that are more relevant for related disciplines.

关键词： Systems engineering systems of systems requirements engineering systems families

Importance of fatigue and its measurement in chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第28期25卷 3669-3683页

作者： Lynn H Gerber Ali A Weinstein Rohini mehta Zobair m Younossi Department of medicine Beatty Center for Liver and Obesity Research Inova Health System Falls Church VA 22042 United States Center for the Study of Chronic Illness and Disability George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 United States Beatty Center for Liver and Obesity Research Inova Health System Falls Church VA 22042 United States

The mechanisms of fatigue in the group of people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are protean. The liver is central in the pathogenesis of fatigue because it uniquely regulates much of the storage, release and production of substrate for energy generation. It is exquisitely sensitive to the feedback controlling the uptake and release of these energy generation substrates. metabolic contributors to fatigue, beginning with the uptake of substrate from the gut, the passage through the portal system to hepatic storage and release of energy to target organs (muscle and brain) are central to understanding fatigue in patients with chronic liver disease. Inflammation either causing or resulting from chronic liver disease contributes to fatigue, although inflammation has not been demonstrated to be causal. It is this unique combination of factors, the nexus of metabolic abnormality and the inflammatory burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that creates pathways to different types of fatigue. many use the terms central and peripheral fatigue. Central fatigue is characterized by a lack of self-motivation and can manifest both in physical and mental activities. Peripheral fatigue is classically manifested by neuromuscular dysfunction and muscle weakness. Therefore, the distinction is often seen as a difference between intention (central fatigue) versus ability (peripheral fatigue). New approaches to measuring fatigue include the use of objective measures as well as patient reported outcomes. These measures have improved the precision with which we are able to describe fatigue. The measures of fatigue severity and its impact on usual daily routines in this population have also been improved, and they are more generally accepted as reliable and sensitive. Several approaches to evaluating fatigue and developing endpoints for treatment have relied of biosignatures associated with fatigue. These have bee

关键词： Fatigue Chronic liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis measurement Patient-reported outcomes

快速抗原检测中2次与1次咽拭子检测A型链球菌的效果比较

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 46-46页

作者： Ezike E.N. Rongkavilit C. fairfax m.R. 平智广 Division of Infectious Diseases Children's Hospital of Michigan 3901 Beaubien Blvd. Det roit MI 48201 United States Dr.

Objective: To assess the effect of using 2 throat swabs vs 1 on rapid detectio n of group A streptococcus by the STREP A OIA mAX (hereafter, OIAmAX) test. meth ods: Children aged 5 to 18 years with acute pharyngitis were randomizedto 1 of 2 study groups. In group 1, one throat swab was obtained, streaked first on sheep blood agar, and then used for OIA mAX testing. In group 2, two throat swabs wer e obtained simultaneously. One swab was streaked first on sheep blood agar and t hen joined with the other swab for OIA mAX testing. In both groups, the pledgets in the collection-transport tube were incubated in Todd-Hewitt broth. A posit ive group A streptococcus culture either by sheep blood agar or Todd-Hewitt bro th was confirmed by a latex agglutination test. Results: Three hundred sixtythre e patients were enrolled, 177 in group 1 and 186 in group 2. Cultures were posit ive for group A streptococcus in 154 (42.4%) of 363 patients. The sensitivity a nd specificity of OIA mAX testing were 94.7%and 100.0%, respectively, in group 1, and 92.4%and 96.3%, respectively, in group 2. There was no statistical dif ference between the sensitivity, the specificity, and the predictive values of t he OIA mAX test performed with 1 swab compared with those performed with 2 swabs (P>.10). There was no association between OIA mAX test sensitivity and the seve rity of pharyngitis as measured by the modified Centor criterion (history of fev er, absence of cough, presence of pharyngeal or tonsillar exudates, and presence of cervical lymphadenopathy) scores. Conclusions: The OIA mAX test yielded comp arable sensitivity and specificity in both study groups. The use of 2 throat swa bs instead of 1 swab did not increase the sensitivity of the OIA mAX test. The p erformance of the OIA mAX test did not depend on the severity of pharyngitis.

关键词：抗原检测 A型链球菌拭子胶乳凝集试验急性咽炎肉汤培养扁桃体分泌物颈淋巴结肿大咳嗽症状汤中

Interrelationship between physical activity and depression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第3期14卷 612-622页

作者： Ali A Weinstein Leyla De Avila Saisruthi Kannan James m Paik Pegah Golabi Lynn H Gerber Zobair m Younossi Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research Inova Health SystemFalls ChurchVA 22042United States Global and Community Health George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030United States Center for Liver Disease Department of MedicineInova Fairfax Medical CampusFalls ChurchVA 22042United States Inova medicine Inova Health SystemFalls ChurchVA 22042United States

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with a sedentary lifestyle and depressive *** is also well established that physical inactivity and depressive symptoms are ***,an investigation of the interaction between all of these factors in NAFLD has not been previously *** To investigate the interrelationship between physical inactivity and depressive symptoms in individuals with *** Data from the Rancho Bernardo Study of Healthy Aging were utilized.589 individuals were included in the analyses(43.1%male;95.8%non-Hispanic white;aged 60.0±7.0 years).NAFLD was defined by using the hepatic steatosis index,depression using the Beck Depression Inventory,and physical activity by selfreport of number of times per week of strenuous *** generalized linear regression models with Gamma distribution were performed to investigate the proposed *** About 40%of the sample had evidence of NAFLD,9.3%had evidence of depression,and 29%were physically *** with NAFLD and depression were more likely to be physically inactive(60.7%)compared to individuals with neither NAFLD nor depression(22.9%),individuals with depression without NAFLD(37.0%),and individuals with NAFLD without depression(33.3%).After accounting for various comorbidities(i.e.,age,sex,diabetes,hypertension,obesity),individuals with NAFLD and higher levels of physical activity were at a decreased odds of having depressive symptoms[16.1%reduction(95%confidence interval:-25.6 to-5.4%),P=0.004],which was not observed in those without *** Individuals with NAFLD have high levels of physical inactivity,particularly those with depressive *** this group is at high risk for poor outcomes,practitioners should screen for the coexistence of depressive symptoms and *** group should receive appropriate interventions aimed at increasing both participation and levels of intensity of physical activ

关键词： Liver disease Outcomes research Psychiatric disorders Exercise

Psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing mandates on trauma survivors

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Global Health Journal 2022年第3期6卷 174-179页

作者： maggie m.Parker Stephanie F.Dailey ADiona Emmanuel Andrew Campbell Graduate School of Education and Human Development George Washington UniversityWashington D.C.20052USA College of Education and Human Development George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Psychology and Counseling Department Hood CollegeFrederickMD 21701USA

Objective:Despite recognition that coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic created an unprecedented impact on global mental health,information on the psychological health among trauma survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic is *** sought to examine psychological outcomes among individuals with preexisting traumatic experiences during ***:We sampled 1242 adults in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States under a state-issued Phase 1 stay-at-home mandate to examine associations between pre-pandemic trauma exposure as measured by the Brief Trauma Questionnaire(BTQ)and anxiety and depression,as measured by the Patient Reported Outcome Scale Anxiety and Depression(PROmIS-A and PROmIS-D).Results:Pre-pandemic trauma exposure among the sample was reported,with 281(22.6%)participants identifying as experiencing one trauma,209(16.8%)reporting two,and 468(37.7%)reporting three or *** reported experiences of trauma increased,so did participant anxiety and depressive ***-way Analysis of Variance indicated that reported trauma was significantly positively correlated with anxiety(Pmptomatology(Pmmense psychological toll of the COVID-19 pandemic,specifically with individuals who were previously exposed to *** health officials can encourage physicians,employers,and universities to screen patients,employees,and students to assess previous trauma,psychological functioning,and risk *** between physicians and mental health providers including psychiatrists,psychologists,counselors,and social workers to provide evidence informed rapid coordination of care can better meet the global mental health crisis that is arising as a result of this unprecedented global trauma.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Trauma Risk factors Psychological distress mental health

Adopting GPU computing to support DL-based Earth science applications

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 2660-2680页

作者： Zifu Wang Yun Li Kevin Wang Jacob Cain mary Salami Daniel Q.Duffy michael m.Little Chaowei Yang Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation CenterGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVAUSA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA Department of Geography University of California Santa BarbarGoletaCAUSA NASA Goddard Computational and Information Sciences and Technology OfficeGreenbeltMDUSA

With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence(Al)technologies and accumulation of big Earth data,Deep Learning(DL)has become an important method to discover patterns and understand Earth science processes in the past several *** successful in many Earth science areas,Al/DL applications are often challenging for computing *** recent years,Graphics Processing Unit(GPU)devices have been leveraged to speed up Al/DL applications,yet computational performance still poses a major barrier for DL-based Earth science *** address these computational challenges,we selected five existing sample Earth science Al applications,revised the DL-based models/algorithms,and tested the performance of multiple GPU computing platforms to support the *** softwarepackages,performance comparisonsacross different platforms,along with other results,are *** article can help understand how various Al/mL Earth science applications can be supported by GPU computing and help researchers in the Earth science domain better adopt GPU computing(such as supermicro,GPU clusters,and cloud computing-based)for their Al/mL applications,and to optimize their science applications to better leverage the computing device.

关键词： GPU computing GeoAl open science Earth science artificial intelligence

On Some Properties of Digital Roots

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Advances in Pure mathematics 2014年第6期4卷 295-301页

作者： Ilhan m. Izmirli Department of Statistics George Mason University Fairfax USA

Digital roots of numbers have several interesting properties, most of which are well-known. In this paper, our goal is to prove some lesser known results concerning the digital roots of powers of numbers in an arithmetic progression. We will also state some theorems concerning the digital roots of Fermat numbers and star numbers. We will conclude our paper by an interesting application.

关键词： Digital Roots Additive Persistence Perfect Numbers mersenne Primes Fermat Numbers Star Numbers