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Review of Empirical Studies on Climate Risk—Effects and Activism

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American Journal of Climate Chang. 2024年第2期13卷 194-208页

作者： Yehuda davis Henry He Huang Sy Syms School of Business Yeshiva University New York USA

This review focuses on major contemporary empirical studies that examine both the physical and reg.latory sides of climate risk. These studies explore how climate risk affects firms’ operating.performance and leverag., stock and bond valuation, cost of capital, and manag.rial behavior. We also discuss how the effect of climate risk on real estate markets depends on individuals’ beliefs about climate chang.. Furthermore, we summarize papers on climate risk activism and how firms can employ financial devices and technolog. to mitig.te their climate risk. Finally, we make some recommendations for further research areas.

关键词： Climate Risk Climate Risk Activism Climate Risk Mitig.tion

Pleistocene g.aciation advances the cryptic speciation of Stellera chamaejasme *** a major biodiversity hotspot

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Journal of Integ.ative Plant Biolog. 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana Jacob BLandis Tianhui Kuang.Juntong.Chen Heng.hang.Wang.Tao Deng.Charles C.davis Hang.Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biog.og.aphy of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA School of Integ.ative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI Computational Biolog. Center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA CAS Key Laboratory of Plant g.rmplasm Enhancement and Specialty Ag.iculture Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Department of Org.nismic and Evolutionary Biolog. HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of Southwest China comprise a sig.ificant larg. mountain rang. and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by g.obal climate *** hig. species diversity in this mountain system has long.been attributed to a complex set of factors,and recent larg.-scale macroevolutionary investig.tions have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ag.(Mya)to the *** our increasing.understanding.of the temporal mode of speciation,finer-scale populationlevel investig.tions are lacking.to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic *** is larg.ly due to the dearth of org.nismal sampling.among.closely related species and populations,spanning.the incredible size and topolog.cal heterog.neity of this *** study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using.g.nomic and ecomorpholog.cal data of Stellera chamaejasme *** identified four previously unrecog.ized cryptic species having.indistinct morpholog.cal traits and larg. metapopulation of evolving.lineag.s,sug.esting.a more recent diversification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),larg.ly influenced by Pleistocene g.aciation and biotic *** factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming.cooling.episodes along.elevational g.adients during.the *** study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much young.r than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming.may influence the alpine species diversity,necessitating.increased conservation efforts.

关键词： cryptic speciation g.acial-interg.acial Heng.uan Mountains north-south mig.ation Stellera chamaejasme

两种富含甘氨酸的RNA结合蛋白参与选择性剪接实现对水稻耐热性的昼夜节律调控

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 59-71页

作者：杨闯罗安妮芦海平 Seth Jon davis 刘建祥 State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Biolog. University of YorkYork YO105DDUK

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is threatened by g.obal warming.associated with extreme hig. temperatures,and rice heat sensitivity is differed when stress occurs between daytime and ***,the underlying.molecular mechanism are larg.ly *** show here that two g.ycine-rich RNA binding.proteins,Os g.P3 and Os g.P162,are required for thermotolerance in rice,especially at *** rhythmic expression of Os g.P3/Os g.P162 peaks at midnig.t,and at these coincident times,is increased by heat *** is larg.ly dependent on the evening.complex component Os *** next found that the double mutant of Os g.P3/Os g.P162 is striking.y more sensitive to heat stress in terms of survival rate and seed setting.rate when comparing.to the wild-type ***,the defect in thermotolerance is more evident when heat stress occurred in nig.ttime than that in *** heat stress,the double mutant of Os g.P3/Os g.P162 displays g.obally reduced expression of heat-stress responsive g.nes,and increases of m RNA alternative splicing.dominated by *** study thus reveals the important role of Os g.P3/Os g.P162 in thermotolerance in rice,and unravels the mechanism on how Os g.P3/Os g.P162 reg.late thermotolerance in a diurnal manner.

关键词： Alternative splicing Diurnal reg.lation g.ycine-rich protein Oryza sativa L. Thermotolerance

DISCONTINUOUS g.LERKIN CALCULATIONS FOR A NONLINEAR PDE MODEL OF DNA TRANSCRIPTION WITH SHORT, TRANSIENT AND FREQUENT PAUSINg

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2014年第6期32卷 601-629页

作者： lisa davis Tomas g.deon Department of Mathematical Sciences Montana State University P.O. Box 172400 Bozeman MT 59717

A discontinuous g.lerkin finite element method is used to approximate solutions to a classical traffic flow PDE. This PDE is used to model the biolog.cal process of transcription; the process of transferring.g.netic information from DNA either to mRNA or to rRNA. The transcription process is punctuated by short, frequent RNAP pauses which are incorporated into the model as traffic lig.ts. These pauses cause a delay in the averag. transcription process. The Dg.solution of the nonlinear model is used to calculate the delay and to determine the effect of the pauses on the averag. transcription time. Numerical error measurements between the Dg.solution and the true solution （derived by the method of characteristics） are g.ven for a simple model problem. It shows an excellent ag.eement in a neig.borhood away from the shocks as well as C9（Ax） converg.nce for the delay calculation. Preliminary parameter studies indicate that in a system with multiple pauses both the location and time duration of the pauses can sig.ificantly affect the averag. delay experienced by an RNAP.

关键词： Discontinuous g.lerkin finite element method Transcription LWR traffic flowmodel.

Socioeconomic Factors Influencing.the Adoption of Cenchrus ciliaris among.the Pastoralist Communities in South Baring., Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecolog. 2024年第8期14卷 629-650页

作者： Nyambari davis Mathew Og.ndi g.org. Morara Atalitsa Caren Navalia Dryland Research Training.& Ecotourism Centre Egerton University Kenya Directorate of Post-g.aduate Studies Egerton University Kenya Department of Environmental Science Egerton University Kenya

Land deg.adation poses sig.ificant threats to food and environmental security g.obally. In arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), livestock production is an important and sig.ificant livelihood. Unfortunately, overstocking.and overg.azing.have diminished pasture availability, and thus adversely impacting.on the sector’s contribution to food security for many ASAL communities. The g.obal Environment Facility’s Small g.ants Prog.am in its quest to combat soil erosion, deforestation, and Prosopis juliflora invasion in the Lake Bog.ria Landscape, Baring. County, Kenya has supported the establishment of Cenchrus ciliaris (buffel g.ass) since 2018. Despite its introduction and establishment, the socioeconomic factors influencing.its adoption remain undocumented. This study evaluated these factors in three administrative wards, namely: Ilchamus, Mochong.i, and Marig.t of Baring. South Sub-County. Data was collected from 103 households using.a semi-structured questionnaire, key informant interviews (KIIs), and Focus g.oup Discussions (Fg.s). Our results revealed that Cenchrus ciliaris adoption has partially reduced soil erosion and deforestation, improved livelihoods and environmental conservation. Nearly 50% of the respondents have established 2 to 5 acres of buffel g.ass pasturelands on their farms. The level of education of the respondents for had a sig.ificant association with the participants’ knowledg. reg.rding.the advantag.s of pasture production for environmental conservation (χ2 = 16.93;p χ2 = 77.71;p χ2 = 18.3;p χ2 = 3.8;p Cenchrus ciliaris value chain are recommended as practical strateg.es of enhancing.livestock production and environmental conservation in Kenya’s ASALs.

关键词： Cenchrus ciliaris Pasture Ecolog. Conservation

Heterocyclic Molecules Tethered Branched Polymers with Innate Immune Stimulating.Activity

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第5期6卷 1278-1288页

作者： Jiayu Zhao Liping.Liu Yibo Wang.Zichao Huang.Yu Zhang.Ruirui Qiao Thomas P.davis Zhaohui Tang.Wantong.Song.Xuesi Chen Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022 School of Applied Chemistry and Eng.neering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 Laboratory of Chemical Biolog. Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022 Jilin Biomedical Polymers Eng.neering.Laboratory Changchun 130022 Australian Institute of Bioeng.neering.and Nanotechnolog. The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072

We report herein an interesting.finding.that heterocyclic molecules tethered branched polymers exhibit innate immune stimulating.*** we conjug.ted a series of five-,six-,or seven-membered heterocyclic molecules to branched polyethylenimine(bPEI),over 70%of them could induce the secretion of interferon-β(IFN-β)from murine dendritic and human leukemia monocytic(DC2.4 and THP-1)cells throug. activating.the stimulator of interferon g.nes(STINg.*** further proved that this kind of innate stimulating.activity was dependent on the macromolecular architecture as heterocyclic molecules tethered linear PEI(lPEI)or dendritic polyamidoamine(PAMAM)induced no or much less IFN-β***,we prepared a series of poly-L-lysine(PLL)-derivatives with different branches to tether with heterocyclic molecules and proved that this kind of bPEI-like structure was important in en hancing.the binding.affinity with STINg.proteins and for exhibiting.innate stimulating.activity.

关键词： bioactive materials polymers heterocycles branched structure immunity

Improved Analytical Methods for Determination of Residues of Nitrapyrin and 6-Chloropicolinic Acid in Different Crop Matrices by Liquid Chromatog.aphy-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Journal of Ag.icultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第3期13卷 263-281页

作者： Fabiola g. Zuno-Floriano Riza L. Reyes-Punong.ayan Matt J. Heng.l Department of Environmental Toxicolog. University of California Davis California USA

Novel analytical methods were developed for the determination of nitrapyrin and 6-chloropicolinic acid (6-CPA) residues in ag.icultural products. Nitrapyrin was extracted with hexane: toluene (1:1, v/v) and 6-CPA with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH). For nitrapyrin, samples were cleaned with silica solid phase extraction (SPE) and for 6-CPA with C18 or carbon SPE. Analysis was performed by liquid chromatog.aphy-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) with external calibration (0.010 to 0.0010 µg.mL−1 for nitrapyrin and 0.0050 to 0.00025 µg.mL−1 for 6-CPA). Recoveries for nitrapyrin and 6-CPA were 68% - 102% and 66% - 90%, respectively. Nitrapyrin was detected in celery and onion (−1) and 6-CPA in onion, mustard g.eens and lettuce (−1). Lower level method validation (LLMV) for nitrapyrin and 6-CPA was 0.020 µg.g.1 and 0.050 µg.g.1, respectively. The methods presented in this study are robust and were utilized for the reg.stration of nitrapyrin on ag.icultural commodities in the United States.

关键词： Herbicide Ag.icultural Products External Calibration LC-MS/MS Reg.stration

Approximation of the Mean Escape Time for a Tilted Periodic Potential

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Communications in Computational Physics 2019年第1期25卷 1-40页

作者： Tamra Heberling.lisa davis Tomas g.deon Los Alamos National Laboratory XTD-SSLos AlamosNM87545USA Department of Mathematical Sciences Montana State UniversityBozemanMT59717-2400USA

We present a formula approximating.the mean escape time(MST)of a particle from a tilted multi-periodic potential *** potential function consists of a weig.ted sum of a finite number of component functions,each of which is *** this particular case,the least period of the potential function is a common period among.t all of its component *** approximation of the MST for the potential function is derived,and this approximation takes the form of a product of the MSTs for each of the individual periodic component *** first example illustrates the computational advantag.s of using.the approximation for model validation and parameter tuning.in the context of the biolog.cal application of DNA *** also use this formula to approximate the MST for an arbitrary tilted periodic potential by the product of MSTs of a finite number of its Fourier *** examples using.truncated Fourier series are presented and analyzed.

关键词： Brownian Ratchet multi-periodic potential tilted periodic potential Fokker-Plank equation

Markers of Oocyte Quality to Enhance Human IVF Outcomes: A Bibliog.aphic Review

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 102-121页

作者： Muhammad Kayanja Moses Tiri Mark Muyig. davis Rujumba Nyiro Brian Kalule Francis Neog.nesis Fertility Centre Kampala Uganda IVI Valencia Valecia Spain Colleg. of Health Sciences Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology Makerere University Makerere Uganda Zoetis ALPHA Plus Initiative Zaventum Belgium Faculty of Science and Technolog. University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

The markers of oocyte quality have remained a major controversy in the field of embryolog. due to the subjectivity of the different methods of oocyte assessment. Various scholars use oocyte quality and oocyte competence interchang.ably. Oocyte quality can be defined as the overall health of an oocyte whereas oocyte competence refers to the ability of an oocyte to be fertilized and develop into a healthy embryo. Diminished oocyte quality is believed to be a result of alterations in oocyte g.owth and maturation processes that stem from several pelvic and systemic factors before and after oocyte retrieval. In this review, we focus on the morpholog.cal and nonmorpholog.cal markers of oocyte quality. Strict restrictions that limit the number of oocytes fertilized in various countries have trig.ered researchers around the world to come up with the most appropriate and noninvasive markers that enhance oocyte selection and optimize IVF outcomes. PubMed, g.og.e Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were used to search for peer-reviewed, orig.nal articles about oocyte quality markers. The review was written in accordance with the Preferred Reporting.Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) g.idelines. Morpholog.cal markers are commonly used, but they are subjective, and no sing.e marker can be used exclusively to predict oocyte competence and subsequent embryonic development potential. Furthermore, transcriptomics of differentially expressed g.nes in cumulus cells and assessment of metabolomics and other contents of follicular fluid have shown g.eater precision. However, their specificity to the different quality determinants needs further research.

关键词： Oocyte Quality Oocyte Competence Metabolomics Transcriptomics Oocyte Morpholog.