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人工智能法律拟制主体地位再探——面向拟制哲学视角下的法律主体制度

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北京理工大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第4期26卷 152-163页

作者：俎璐吉林大学理论法学研究中心吉林长春130012

在人工智能法律主体地位的研究中,拟制说呈现出超越主客体说的理论优越性。下一阶段的研究需面向拟制哲学视角下的法律主体制度再探人工智能的法律拟制主体地位。人中心秩序格局是作为拟制建构的法律主体制度的原生基因,据“人”类推的... 详细信息

在人工智能法律主体地位的研究中,拟制说呈现出超越主客体说的理论优越性。下一阶段的研究需面向拟制哲学视角下的法律主体制度再探人工智能的法律拟制主体地位。人中心秩序格局是作为拟制建构的法律主体制度的原生基因,据“人”类推的“方法论”和维护人类实践利益的“目的论”构成这一基因的外向表征,成为新兴法律主体制度建构的逻辑起点。人工智能作为法律拟制主体契合据“人”类推的方法论型构,还能满足“效率/秩序”利益正向函值最大化,是面向人中心秩序格局的法律主体制度进行考证后发现仍然可行且唯可践行的合理方案。同时,在实践中,人工智能作为法律拟制主体还需恪守必要的限度,并可依循平等性、开放性和科学立法原则,建构人工智能主体的设立与终止制度、监管人制度、财产制度、责任承担制度和预防救济制度。

关键词：人工智能法律主体法律主体制度法律拟制

Excess non-COVID-19-related mortality among inflammatory bowel disease decedents during the COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第20期30卷 2677-2688页

作者： Sarah Rotondo-Trivette Xin-Yuan He Jamil S Samaan Fan Lv Emily Truong Michaela Juels Anthony Nguyen Xu Gao Jian zu Yee Hui Yeo Fan-Pu Ji Gil Y Melmed Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Infectious Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049Shaanxi ProvinceChina David Geffen School of Medicine University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Division of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support(Xi’an Jiaotong University) Ministry of EducationXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic disrupted healthcare in the United *** To investigate COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related death and characteristics associated with excess death among inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)*** We performed a register-based study using data from the National Vital Statistics System,which reports death data from over 99%of the United States population,from January 1,2006 through December 31,***-related deaths among adults 25 years and older were stratified by age,sex,race/ethnicity,place of death,and primary cause of *** and actual age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs)per 100000 persons were *** 49782 IBD-related deaths occurred during the study ***-COVID-19-related deaths increased by 13.14%in 2020 and 18.12%in 2021[2020 ASMR:1.55 actual vs 1.37 predicted,95%confidence interval(CI):1.26-1.49;2021 ASMR:1.63 actual vs 1.38 predicted,95%CI:1.26-1.49].In 2020,non-COVID-19-related mortality increased by 17.65%in ulcerative colitis(UC)patients between the ages of 25 and 65 and 36.36%in non-Hispanic black(NHB)Crohn’s disease(CD)*** the pandemic,deaths at home or on arrival and at medical facilities as well as deaths due to neoplasms also *** IBD patients suffered excess non-COVID-19-related death during the *** death was associated with younger age among UC patients,and with NHB race among CD *** death at home or on arrival and due to neoplasms suggests that delayed presentation and difficulty accessing healthcare may have led to increased IBD mortality.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease COVID-19 Excess death Race Sex Disparities

Semi-quantitative analysis of the structural evolution of mesophase pitch-based carbon foams by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy

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新型炭材料（中英文） 2024年第4期39卷 668-680页

作者： LIU Yue CHANG Sheng-kai SU Zhan-peng HUANG zu-jian QIN Ji YANG Jian-xiao Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China

Graphitized carbon foams(GFms)were prepared using mesophase pitch(MP)as a raw material by foaming(450℃),pre-oxidation(320℃),carbonization(1000℃)and graphitization(2800℃).The differences in structure and properties of GFms prepared from different MP precursors pretreated by ball milling or liquid phase extraction were investigated and compared,and semi-quantitative calculations were conducted on the Raman and FTIR spectra of samples at each preparation ***-quantitat-ive spectroscopic analysis provided detailed information on the structure and chemical composition changes of the MP and GFm de-rived from *** with microscopic observations,the change from precursor to GFm was *** results showed that ball milling concentrated the distribution of aromatic molecules in the pitch,which contributed to uniform foaming to give a GFm with a uniform pore distribution and good *** phase extraction helped remove light components while retaining large aromatics to form graphitic planes with the largest average size during post-treatment to produce a GFm with the highest degree of graphitization and the fewest open pores,giving the best compression resistance(2.47 MPa),the highest thermal conductivity(64.47 W/(m·K))and the lowest electrical resistance(13.02μΩ·m).Characterization combining semi-quantitative spectroscopic ana-lysis with microscopic observations allowed us to control the preparation of the MP-derived GFms.

关键词： Mesophase pitch Carbon foams Raman FTIR Graphitization

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“双碳”背景下煤炭生产企业碳减排路径研究

矿业科学学报 2024年第3期9卷 464-474页

作者：祖秉辉李长松辽宁工程技术大学工商管理学院辽宁葫芦岛125105

当前“双碳”大环境下,煤炭生产企业急需改变行业碳排放量较高的现状。从煤炭产品特点、开采流程、涉排类型等视角,分析了煤炭生产企业的碳减排潜力。在煤炭生产装备方面,提出了应用先进清洁技术、升级改造生产设备、实施能效管理策略... 详细信息

当前“双碳”大环境下,煤炭生产企业急需改变行业碳排放量较高的现状。从煤炭产品特点、开采流程、涉排类型等视角,分析了煤炭生产企业的碳减排潜力。在煤炭生产装备方面,提出了应用先进清洁技术、升级改造生产设备、实施能效管理策略等技术发展路径;在煤炭生产技术方面,从煤炭的勘探、采掘、洗选、监测四方面给出了具体的技术升级路线;在物流与人员管理方面,针对碳排放高的原因,提出更新新能源车辆、应用智慧平台进行物流管理,对于矿区人员生活办公则提出更新用能设备的降碳路径;在企业碳排放捕集封存技术方面,则从煤炭采掘、洗选过程碳捕集技术、煤与瓦斯共采碳捕集技术、碳封存方式四方面提出企业技术发展建议。全面构建煤炭生产企业的碳减排技术路径,帮助行业尽早达峰,尽快中和。

关键词：双碳战略排放源减排路径技术优化

Association of education with cholelithiasis and mediating effects of cardiometabolic factors:A Mendelian randomization study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第20期12卷 4272-4288页

作者： Chang-Lei Li Yu-Kun Liu Ying-Ying Lan zu-Sen Wang Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266000Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Oncology Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266002Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Education,cognition,and intelligence are associated with cholelithiasis occurrence,yet which one has a prominent effect on cholelithiasis and which cardiometabolic risk factors mediate the causal relationship remain *** To explore the causal associations between education,cognition,and intelligence and cholelithiasis,and the cardiometabolic risk factors that mediate the *** Applying genome-wide association study summary statistics of primarily European individuals,we utilized two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate the independent effects of education,intelligence,and cognition on cholelithiasis and cholecystitis(FinnGen study,37041 and 11632 patients,respectively;n=486484 participants)and performed two-step Mendelian randomization to evaluate 21 potential mediators and their mediating effects on the relationships between each exposure and *** Inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization results from the FinnGen consortium showed that genetically higher education,cognition,or intelligence were not independently associated with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis;when adjusted for cholelithiasis,higher education still presented an inverse effect on cholecystitis[odds ratio:0.292(95%CI:0.171-0.501)],which could not be induced by cognition or *** out of 21 cardiometabolic risk factors were perceived as mediators of the association between education and cholelithiasis,including body mass index(20.84%),body fat percentage(40.3%),waist circumference(44.4%),waist-to-hip ratio(32.9%),and time spent watching television(41.6%),while time spent watching television was also a mediator from cognition(20.4%)and intelligence to cholelithiasis(28.4%).All results were robust to sensitivity *** Education,cognition,and intelligence all play crucial roles in the development of cholelithiasis,and several cardiometabolic mediators have been identified for prevention of choleli

关键词： Cholelithiasis Mendelian randomization Mediation analysis Education attainment Cardiometabolic risk factors Cognition Intelligence

Enhancing pediatric asthma management through multifaceted health education

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第19期12卷 3708-3716页

作者： Guang-Qun Lin zu-Qiong Ye En-Lian Song Yu-Nan Lin Department of Pediatrics First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Day Surgery Ward First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Anesthesia&Operation Center First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina

BACKGROUND Pediatric asthma is a significant public health issue that impacts the quality of life of children *** management approaches focus on symptom control and medication adherence but often overlook the comprehensive educational needs of patients and their families.A multifaceted health education approach may offer a more holistic strategy in managing pediatric asthma,especially in outpatient *** To evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive health education strategy in improving disease management,medication adherence,and quality of life among children with asthma in outpatient *** In total,100 pediatric patients with severe asthma were enrolled from January 2021 to November 2022 and randomly allocated to a control group(n=50)or an observation group(n=50).The control group received standard nursing care,including basic nursing interventions and health education upon *** contrast,the observation group was exposed to a broad spectrum of health education methodologies,including internet-based hospital systems,social media channels,one-on-one verbal education,informational brochures,slide present ations,telephone check-ins,animated videos,and illustrated health education *** on asthma management knowledge,symptom control,quality of life[***’s Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ)],treatment adherence,and nursing satisfaction were collected and *** The scores of the observation group in knowledge areas,such as medication,home care,disease understanding,symptom management,prevention strategies,and nutritional guidance,were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the observation group exhibited greater symptom control,improved quality of life based on their SGRQ scores,and higher treatment adherence post-intervention(P<0.05).Nursing satisfaction was also rated higher in the observation group across all evaluated areas(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementing a diversified hea

关键词： Multifaceted health education mode Pediatrics Outpatient service Bronchial asthma

Multi-user cognitive radio network resource allocation based on the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第1期21卷 558-565页

作者： zu yun-Xiao Zhou Jie School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Multi-user cognitive radio network resource allocation based on the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm is proposed, and a fitness function is provided. Simulations are conducted using the adaptive niche immune genetic algo- rithm, the simulated annealing algorithm, the quantum genetic algorithm and the simple genetic algorithm, respectively. The results show that the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm performs better than the other three algorithms in terms of the multi-user cognitive radio network resource allocation, and has quick convergence speed and strong global searching capability, which effectively reduces the system power consumption and bit error rate.

关键词： cognitive radio networks niche genetic algorithm King map resource allocation

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大跨度悬索桥多对刚性中央扣受力性能研究

工程力学 2024年第7期41卷 19-28页

作者：陈祖贺陈亮邵长宇上海市政工程设计研究总院(集团)有限公司上海200092

中央扣对改善大跨度悬索桥动力特性、短吊杆弯折、主梁纵向位移等具有显著作用,但现有文献少见对中央扣自身力学行为的研究。该文以中央扣为研究对象,通过力学方法推导了中央扣侧移刚度的计算公式,通过敏感性分析确认了杆身倾角α以及... 详细信息

中央扣对改善大跨度悬索桥动力特性、短吊杆弯折、主梁纵向位移等具有显著作用,但现有文献少见对中央扣自身力学行为的研究。该文以中央扣为研究对象,通过力学方法推导了中央扣侧移刚度的计算公式,通过敏感性分析确认了杆身倾角α以及杆身轴向刚度j是影响中央扣侧移刚度的主要因素;对设置多对刚性中央扣的情况进行了研究,因主缆与中央扣杆身轴向刚度相差不大,主缆对多对中央扣协调受力影响较大,中央扣与主缆组成串、并联弹簧体系,受力分配更加复杂,可通过调整杆身倾角及杆身轴向刚度,设置具有不同侧移刚度的多对中央扣以实现协调受力。

关键词：悬索桥刚性中央扣多对倾角轴向刚度

Black holes as the source of dark energy:A stringent test with high-redshift JWST AGNs

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 181-188页

作者： Lei Lei Lei zu Guan-Wen Yuan Zhao-Qiang Shen Yi-Ying Wang Yuan-Zhu Wang Zhen-Bo Su Wen-Ke Ren Shao-Peng Tang Hao Zhou Chi Zhang Zhi-Ping Jin Lei Feng Yi-Zhong Fan Da-Ming Wei Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Studies have proposed that there is evidence for cosmological coupling of black holes(BHs)with an index of k≈3;hence,BHs serve as the astrophysical source of dark ***,the data sample is limited for the redshifts of≤*** recent years,the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)has detected many high-redshift active galactic nuclei(AGNs)and *** the JWST NIRSpec-/NIRCam-resolved AGNs,three are determined to be in early-type host galaxies with a redshift of z~***,their M_(*)and MBH are in tension with the predicted cosmological coupling of black holes with k=3 at a confidence level of~2σ,which challenges the hypothesis that BHs serve as the origin of dark *** work on high-redshift AGNs using the JWST will further assess such a hypothesis by identifying more early-type host galaxies in the higher mass range.

关键词： dark energy supermassive black hole active galactic nuclei James Webb Space Telescope