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Extreme Antarctic Cold of Late Winter 2023

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第10期41卷 1873-1880页

作者： Anastasia j.TOMANEK David E.MIKOLAjCZYK Matthew A.LAZZARA Stefano DI BATTISTA Minghu DING Mariana FONTOLAN LITELL David H.BROMWICH Taylor P.NORTON linda M.KELLER Lee j.WELHOUSE Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Physical Sciences School of Engineering Science and MathematicsMadison Area Technical College Meteogiornale State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center The Ohio State University Department of Geography The Ohio State University

Extreme cold temperatures were observed in july and August 2023, coinciding with the WINFLY(winter fly-in)period of mid to late August into September 2023, meaning aircraft operations into Mc Murdo Station and Phoenix Airfield were adversely impacted. Specifically, with temperatures below-50℃, safe flight operation was not possible because of the risk of failing hydraulics and fuel turning to gel onboard the aircraft. The cold temperatures were measured across a broad area of the Antarctic, from East Antarctica toward the Ross Ice Shelf, and stretching across West Antarctica to the Antarctic Peninsula. A review of automatic weather station measurements and staffed station observations revealed a series of sites recording new record low temperatures. Four separate cold phases were identified, each a few days in duration and occurring from mid-july to the end of August 2023. A brief analysis of 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies shows how the mid-tropospheric atmospheric environment evolves in relation to these extreme cold temperatures. The monthly 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies show strong negative anomalies in August. Examination of composite geopotential height anomalies during each of the four cold phases suggests various factors leading to cold temperatures, including both southerly off-content flow and calm atmospheric conditions. Understanding the atmospheric environment that leads to such extreme cold temperatures can improve prediction of such events and benefit Antarctic operations and the study of Antarctic meteorology and climatology.

关键词： Antarctica extreme cold temperature automatic weather station networks

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Integrated Risk Identification, Analysis, and Assessment:A Dynamic Household Economy Analysis Methodology and Example

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2013年第2期4卷 77-88页

作者： Bob Alexander linda j.Cox junko Mochizuki Rural Livelihood Risk Management Consulting P.O.Box 1251HonoluluHI 96807USA Department of Natural Resource and Environmental Management University of Hawai`i at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Many methodologies identify, analyze, and assess static risks to quantify potential disaster losses based on past and current events. Static methodologies will not, however, capture how climate change and adaptation are rapidly affecting the natural and social systems in many areas. Local and global changes such as those associated with development investments, livelihood pressures, political stability, and demographic trends are also affecting many areas, especially in emerging economies. Risk identification, analysis, and assessment methodologies must integrate all changes dynamically so that risk reduction and development decisions can be based on future needs. After a theoretical explanation of how to integrate dynamic changes, a static Household Economy Analysis(HEA) completed for a rapidly changing area of East Timor was altered using current trends to make the analysis more dynamic. Some inherent difficulties exist with a more dynamic approach and recommendations for overcoming them are presented. Research, government, and nongovernment personnel interested in integrated approaches to risk reduction and development decision-making in areas subject to rapid change will find the study useful.

关键词： integrate disaster interested

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Closed 3-stop Center and Periphery in Graphs

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第3期28卷 439-452页

作者： linda EROH Ralucca GERA Steven j. WINTERS Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Department of Applied Mathematics Naval Postgraduate School

A delivery person must leave the central location of the business, deliver packages at a number of addresses, and then return. Naturally, he/she wishes to reduce costs by finding the most efficient route. This motivates the following： Given a set of k distinct vertices S = {x1, x2,..., xk } in a simple graph G, the closed k-stop-distance of set S is defined to be

关键词： Central appendage number peripheral appendage number Steiner distance

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Case-control study of factors that trigger inflammatory bowel disease flares

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第15期20卷 4329-4334页

作者： linda A Feagins Ramiz Iqbal Stuart j Spechler VA North Texas Healthcare System DallasTX 75216United States Division of Gastroenterology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75216United States

AIM: To explore the association between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) flares and potential triggers.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases, Flare, Non-adherence, Crohn’ s disease, Ulcerative colitis

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A primer on stochastic epidemic models:Formulation,numerical simulation,and analysis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第2期2卷 128-142页

作者： linda j.S.Allen Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409-1042USA

Some mathematical methods for formulation and numerical simulation of stochastic epidemic models are ***,models are formulated for continuous-time Markov chains and stochastic differential *** well-known examples are used for illustration such as an SIR epidemic model and a host-vector malaria *** methods for approximating the probability of a disease outbreak are also discussed.

关键词： Branching process Continuous-time Markov chain Minor outbreak Stochastic differential equation

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Harnessing memory adaptive regulatory T cells to control autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2012年第1期4卷 38-47页

作者： Cheng-Rui Li Bas j.G.Baaten linda M.Bradley Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute10901 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing b-cells in the pancreatic *** is an immediate need to restore both b-cell function and immune tolerance to control disease progression and ultimately cure ***,there is no effective treatment strategy to restore glucose regulation in patients with ***3-expressing CD4^(+) regulatory T cells(Tregs)are potential candidates to control autoimmunity because they play a central role in maintaining ***,deficiencies in either naturally occurring Tregs(nTregs)themselves and/or their ability to control pathogenic effector T cells have been associated with ***,we hypothesize that nTregs can be replaced by FoxP3^(+) adaptive Tregs(aTregs),which are uniquely equipped to combat autoreactivity in *** nTregs,aTregs are stable and provide long-lived *** this review,we summarize the current understanding of aTregs and their potential for use as an immunological intervention to treat T1D.

关键词： type 1 diabetes adaptive regulatory T cells autoimmunity immunotherapy

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Probability of a zoonotic spillover with seasonal variation

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 514-531页

作者： Aadrita Nandi linda j.S.Allen Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409-1042USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI48108-5260USA

Zoonotic infectious diseases are spread from animals to *** is estimated that over 60%of human infectious diseases are zoonotic and 75%of them are emerging *** majority of emerging zoonotic infectious diseases are caused by viruses including avian influenza,rabies,Ebola,coronaviruses and *** of infection from animals to humans depends on a complex transmission pathway,which is influenced by epidemiological and environmental *** this investigation,the focus is on direct transmission between animals and humans and the effects of seasonal variations on the transmission and recovery *** in transmission and recovery,besides being influenced by physiological processes and behaviors of pathogen and host,are driven by seasonal variations in temperature,humidity or rainfall.A new time-nonhomogeneous stochastic process is formulated for infectious disease spread from animals to humans when transmission and recovery rates are time-periodic.A branching process approximation is applied near the disease-free state to predict the probability of the first spillover event from animals to *** probability is a periodic function of the time when infection is introduced into the animal *** is shown that the highest risk of a spillover depends on a combination of animal to human transmission,animal to animal transmission and animal *** results are applied to a stochastic model for avian influenza with spillover from domestic poultry to humans.

关键词： Branching process Markov chain Seasonal fluctuations Spillover Zoonoses

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The Long Road to Understanding the Baculovirus P10 Protein

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第4期24卷 227-242页

作者： David C. j. Carpentier linda A. King School of Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford United Kingdom Oxford Expression Technologies Ltd Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford United Kingdom

The baculovirus P 10 protein has always represented a mystery in the field of insect virology. Like the baculovirus polyhedrin protein it is expressed at high levels very late in infection. Homologues of the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus p10 gene are conserved in all Alphabaculoviruses and in other viruses of lepidopteran hosts yet is completely dispensable for virus replication and transmission. PIO is a microtubule interacting protein whose expression has been associated with the formation of a variety of complex and extensive cytoplasmic and nuclear structures. PIO has been associated with a number of roles during infection ranging from the formation of virus occlusion bodies, to affecting the rate of cellular and/or nuclear lysis during the final stages of the virus replication cycle. In this article we review recent work aimed at understanding the role of this enigmatic protein, putting them into context with recent advances in understanding of protein structure and function. We look back at a number of historical studies and observations, reanalysing their conclusions based on recent data and our own observations. The role of the P 10 protein during baculovirus replication remains elusive, however, novel avenues of investigation have been identified that will, we are sure, eventually lead to an understanding of this protein.

关键词： Baculovirus P10 microtubule Polyhedral occlusion body Fibrous body/fibrillar structure

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Duration of a minor epidemic

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2018年第1期3卷 60-73页

作者： William Tritch linda j.S.Allen Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409-1042USA

Disease outbreaks in stochastic SIR epidemic models are characterized as either minor or ***01,they can be minor or *** 1955,Whittle derived formulas for the probability of a minor or a major epidemic.A minor epidemic is distinguished from a major one in that a minor epidemic is generally of shorter duration and has substantially fewer cases than a major *** this investigation,analytical formulas are derived that approximate the probability density,the mean,and the higher-order moments for the duration of a minor *** analytical results are applicable to minor epidemics in stochastic SIR,SIS,and SIRS models with a single infected *** probability density for minor epidemics in more complex epidemic models can be computed numerically applying multitype branching processes and the backward Kolmogorov differential ***0 is close to one,minor epidemics are more common than major epidemics and their duration is significantly longer than whenR0≪1 orR»01.

关键词： Birth-death process Branching process Epidemic model Markov chain

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Roles of bile acids in enteric virus replication

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Animal Diseases 2021年第1期1卷 39-47页

作者： Fanzhi Kong linda j.Saif Qiuhong Wang Center for Food Animal Health Department of Animal SciencesCollege of FoodAgricultural and Environmental SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOHUSA. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityNo.5 Xinfeng RoadSartu DistrictDaqingChina Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA.

Bile acids(BAs)are evolutionally conserved molecules synthesized in the liver from cholesterol to facilitating the absorption of fat-soluble *** the intestines,where enteric viruses replicate,BAs also act as signaling molecules that modulate various biological functions via activation of specific receptors and cell signaling *** date,BAs present either pro-viral or anti-viral effects for the replication of enteric viruses in vivo and in *** this review,we summarized current information on biosynthesis,transportation and metabolism of BAs and the role of BAs in replication of enteric caliciviruses,rotaviruses,and *** also discussed the application of BAs for cell culture adaptation of fastidious enteric caliciviruses and control of virus infection,which may provide novel insights into the development of antivirals and/or disinfectants for enteric viruses.

关键词： Bile acids Coronavirus Calicivirus Rotavirus Norovirus Sapovirus

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