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Optimizing bedroom thermal environment:A review of human body temperature,sleeping thermal comfort and sleep quality

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Energy and Built Environment

Energy and Built Environment 2024年第6期5卷 829-839页

作者： Xinbo Xu zhiwei lian Department of Architecture Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Thermal environment may affect sleep quality and sleeping thermal comfort at the same *** to now,there is no direct evidence or physiological theory can prove the idea that thermal comfort equal to good sleep quality,but how to balance the relationship between them is often ignored when designing thermal *** review took body temperature distribution as a bridge for the connection of sleep quality and sleeping thermal *** first,we reviewed the quantitative relationships among thermal environment,body temperature,sleep quality and sleeping thermal comfort,and then based on the idea of reverse derivation,a recommended design process for bedroom thermal environment was *** step of the process corresponded to the impact mechanism described *** review results showed that,body temperature distribution was closely related to both sleep quality and thermal comfort,and thus it was suitable to be used as a bridge between them;body temperatures fluctuated dynamically during sleep,and thus heat transfer and thermal regulation models should be used to describe them;most current sleep researches regarded skin temperature as the representative value of body temperature distribution,yet core body temperature needs to be paid more attention on in the future because it was more closely related to sleep rhythm;furthermore,in addition to young people,subjects of more age groups should be tested to enrich China’s sleep research *** general,it’s theoretically possible to guarantee both sleep quality and sleeping thermal comfort,and this review can be used as a reliable reference for bedroom thermal environment design.

关键词： Sleep health Sleep quality Thermal comfort Thermal environment Body temperature distribution

Application-driven development of a thermal imaging-based cabin occupant thermal sensation assessment model and its validation

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Building Simulation 2024年第8期17卷 1401-1417页

作者： Junmeng Lyu Yuxin Yang Yongxiang Shi zhiwei lian Department of Architecture School of DesignShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

The air conditioning(A/C)of cabins allows for customized control,but manual adjustments may distract drivers,as well as result in energy *** existing thermal sensation models require complex inputs,which are challenging to gather whilst *** address this issue,this study developed a non-contact thermal sensation model for cabin occupants based on thermal imaging *** collect actual data used for modeling,an outdoor subject experiment was *** this study,initial training was conducted to compare the performance of six algorithms in building the model,with random forests algorithm showing the best ***,this study employed the recursive feature elimination(RFE)method with cross-validation algorithm for identifying the key *** the end,the model was retrained using the selected *** model that incorporated both environmental parameters and facial-temperature features demonstrated the best performance,with an R2 of 0.659 on the test *** the hard-to-measure windshield surface temperature resulted in a slight reduction in accuracy,yielding an R2 of *** verify the generalizability of the model,this study further conducted independent validation *** selected model,which exhibited a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.4 in thermal sensation units,was proven to be highly *** results can offer new solutions for automatic control of cabin A/C.

关键词： model assessment thermal imaging vehicle air conditioner thermal sensation transient cabin indoor environment

Human thermal comfort in non-uniform thermal environments:A review

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Energy and Built Environment

Energy and Built Environment 2024年第6期5卷 853-862页

作者： Xiaowen Su Yanping Yuan Zhaojun Wang Wei Liu Li Lan zhiwei lian School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina 610031 School of Architecture Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina 150006 Department of Architecture School of DesignShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Thermal comfort is critical for ensuring the health and productivity of occupants and knowing their thermal demand could help creat a satisfying environment with the least energy *** of thermal comfort is built based on experimental studies in uniform and stable environments,while there is still a gap when applying in evaluating human thermal comfort in non-uniform thermal ***,an insight into human thermal comfort in non-uniform thermal environments is *** fundamental studies of thermal comfort in non-uniform thermal environments are explicated,including thermal comfort theory applied in non-uniform thermal environments,types of non-uniform thermal environments and corresponding studies,physiological and psychological thermal responses in the ***,the evaluation indices of non-uniform thermal environments are classified according to their definitions and the comfort models are ***,future works in this research field are *** general,the overall thermal comfort and local thermal comfort should be both taken into account in non-uniform thermal environments where skin temperatures and psychological thermal responses of occupants are different among local body ***,as studies of local thermal comfort are mainly conducted in thermally neutral condition,the limits considering the state deviating thermal neutrality(slightly warm or cool),which is frequently found in reality,are encouraged to be ***,a well-defined comprehensive index should be proposed considering heat exchange of human body with their microenvironments and thus the comfort range of the index could be provided for designing of non-uniform thermal environments.

关键词： Local thermal comfort Non-uniform thermal environment Comfort theory Thermal response Evaluation indices

禹州大刘山煤业采空区水害防治技术研究与应用

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煤炭与化工 2024年第3期47卷 70-73页

作者：连志伟禹州大刘山煤业河南许昌461670

禹州市大刘山煤业有限公司为兼并重组矿井,存在附近老窑多,采空区错综复杂和部分地点水文地质情况不明等问题。针对这一情况,为保证大刘山煤业安全生产,采用物探与钻探相结合的方法对该矿采空区积水进行探查,圈定了3处电阻异常区,并施工... 详细信息

禹州市大刘山煤业有限公司为兼并重组矿井,存在附近老窑多,采空区错综复杂和部分地点水文地质情况不明等问题。针对这一情况,为保证大刘山煤业安全生产,采用物探与钻探相结合的方法对该矿采空区积水进行探查,圈定了3处电阻异常区,并施工了17个钻孔进行验证和采空区积水疏放,最终疏放积水7.9万m^(3),有效地保证了后期采掘作业的安全。

关键词：水文地质采空区积水水害防治

室内温度和相对湿度对有氧运动表现及体温调节的影响

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中国体育科技 2024年第4期60卷 47-53页

作者：史永祥连之伟胡胜谦胡莹颖上海交通大学上海200240 中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院上海200011

目的:探讨室内温度、相对湿度(relative humidity,RH)及其交互作用对有氧运动表现及体温调节的影响。方法:采用正交实验设计,将温度(22℃、25℃、28℃)和RH(40%RH、55%RH、70%RH)组合为9组实验条件,16名身体健康的年轻男性受试者依次在... 详细信息

目的:探讨室内温度、相对湿度(relative humidity,RH)及其交互作用对有氧运动表现及体温调节的影响。方法:采用正交实验设计,将温度(22℃、25℃、28℃)和RH(40%RH、55%RH、70%RH)组合为9组实验条件,16名身体健康的年轻男性受试者依次在每种实验条件下进行递增负荷运动。实时监测皮肤温度与耳温变化,对各阶段体温平均值和增长率进行配对样本t检验。采用方差分析判断温度、RH及其交互作用对力竭时间的影响,并进行两两比较。结果:温度和RH会显著影响递增负荷运动的力竭时间(P=0.005,P=0.032),在28℃环境中力竭时间比22℃和25℃中更短(P=0.001,P=0.033),在70%RH的环境中力竭时间比40%RH中更短(P=0.009),但温度与RH的交互作用对力竭时间无显著性差异(P=0.871);28℃和70%RH的环境中核心温度偏高,28℃、55%RH和70%RH的环境中皮肤温度偏高。结论:28℃和70%RH对有氧运动表现有负面影响,且使运动过程中的体温明显偏高,但温度与RH对有氧运动表现的影响并没有交互作用。

关键词：热舒适有氧运动核心温度皮肤温度

Application of statistical analysis of sample size:How many occupant responses are required for an indoor environmental quality(IEQ)field study

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Building Simulation 2023年第4期16卷 577-588页

作者： Heng Du zhiwei lian Li Lan Dayi Lai Department of Architecture School of DesignShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Determining required sample size is one of the critical pathways to reproducible,reliable and robust results in human-related *** paper aims to answer a fundamental but often overlooked question:what sample size is required in surveys of occupant responses to indoor environmental quality(IEQ).The statistical models are introduced in order to promote determining required sample size for various types of data analysis methods commonly used in IEQ field *** Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the statistical methods and to illustrate the impact of sample size on the study accuracy and *** examples are presented to illustrate how to determine the value of the parameters in the statistical models based on previous similar research or existing *** required sample size including“worst”and“optimal”cases in each condition is obtained by this method and *** is indicated that 385 is a“worst case”sample size to be adequate for a subgroup analysis,while if the researcher has an estimate of the study design and outcome,the“optimal case”sample size can potentially be *** the required sample size is not achievable,the uncertainty in the result can properly interpret via a confidence *** is hoped that this paper would fill in the gap between statistical analysis of sample size and IEQ field research,and it can provide a useful reference for researchers when planning their own studies.

关键词： indoor environmental quality built environment field study sample size thermal comfort

The effects of light illuminance and correlated color temperature on mood and creativity

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 463-475页

作者： Li Lan Sarra Hadji Lulu Xia zhiwei lian Department of Architecture School of DesignShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

The lighting environment is one of the indoor environmental factors that may influence *** combined effects of illumination(300 lx vs.2000 lx)and color temperature(3000 K vs.6000 K)on mood and creativity were investigated in 24 *** exposure,participants completed questionnaires to assess their mood and lighting perceptions,performed creative and analytical tasks,and collected saliva samples for analysis of melatonin *** interactive effect of illuminance and color temperature on the mood was *** participants performed better on the performance of Flexibility,Fluency and Originality in the verbal creative task when they expressed higher positive mood(at 2000 lx,6000 K and 300 lx,3000 K)and performed better on the performance of Resistance to closure in the figural creative task when they reported the lowest positive mood(at 2000 lx,3000 K).Analytical thinking,including calculation and echoic memory skills,was facilitated at the lighting setting(300 lx,6000 K)that induced the least affective *** significant difference in melatonin concentration was *** evidence implies that the affective state of the occupants was influenced by light and that their creative performance was altered *** findings will help to elaborate a design guideline on the lighting environment according to the specific needs of different tasks.

关键词： lighting color temperature illumination mood creativity productivity

The effect of noise exposure on sleep quality of urban residents:A comparative study in Shanghai,China

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Building Simulation 2023年第4期16卷 603-613页

作者： Xinbo Xu Li Lan Yuxiang Sun zhiwei lian School of Design Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China China Institute of Urban Governance Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Noise exposure is becoming extremely common in urban area,but its specific impact on sleep remains *** the limitations of previous researches,a field study which can conduct both horizontal and longitudinal analysis was *** participants were tested during two weeks in their homes,and the noise level of bedroom was artificially regulated by changing the status of window and *** the 1050 test nights in 75 households,noise exposure was reflected from both instrument monitoring at night and perception questionnaire in the morning,and sleep quality was accessed from actigraphy and *** analysis results showed that,92.3%of the bedroom acoustic environment did not meet the minimum requirements of Chinese standards,and 87.9%of subjects had ever experienced harmful noise during the test ***,sleep quality was affected by noise exposure from the perspective of both physiological and psychological;the duration of rapid eye movement(REM)sleep was significantly(p<0.05)shortened with the increase of sound intensity,the duration of deep sleep shortened and subjective sleep quality worsened significantly(p<0.05)with the increase of acoustic sensation *** addition,females were more sensitive to noise exposure and their subjective sleep quality was more likely to be influenced by *** study has important implications for acoustic environment design of bedrooms in cities,and suggested more attention should be paid to the anxiety caused by noise exposure.

关键词： noise exposure sleep quality sound intensity subjective perception urban governance

Multivariate analysis of subjective evaluation of indoor lighting environment

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021年第3期10卷 614-624页

作者： Jingyun Shen zhiwei lian School of Design Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China China Institute of Urban Governance Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China

Though subjective feelings affected by lighting have been studied a lot,multivariate experimental studies are lacking in this research *** composite rotatable design(CCRD)was applied to investigate the influence of illuminance,correlated color temperature(CCT)and illuminance uniformity on satisfaction in this study.A series of subject experiments were carried out and polynomial regression models of luminous satisfaction for different activity scenarios were *** and CCT affected the satisfaction significantly in visual task scenarios,and the effect of them was independent with each other,which was demonstrated by the regression model(R2=0.89).The variation of luminous satisfaction in general activity scenarios cannot be fully explained by the three investigated *** results contributed to the knowledge of multivariate analysis of luminous environment and indicated that much could be expected referring to the application of CCRD in this field.

关键词： Lighting satisfaction Multivariate analysis Illuminance CCT Uniformity Central composite rotatable design City