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A monolithic single-chip point-of-care platform for metabolomic prostate cancer detection

microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第2期7卷 81-95页

作者： Valerio F.Annese Samadhan B.Patil Chunxiao Hu Christos Giagkoulovits mohammed A.Al-Rawhani James Grant martin macleod David J.Clayton liam m.heaney Ronan Daly Claudio Accarino Yash D.Shah Boon C.Cheah James Beeley Thomas R.Jeffry Evans Robert Jones michael P.Barrett David R.S.Cumming Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG128QQUK Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre GlasgowG120YNUK School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NFUK School of Sport Exercise&Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK Glasgow Polyomics College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG611BDUK Institute of Cancer Sciences Beatson West of Scotland Cancer CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG120YNUK Institute of Infection Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG128TAUK

There is a global unmet need for rapid and cost-effective prognostic and diagnostic tools that can be used at the bedside or in the doctor’s office to reduce the impact of serious *** cancers are diagnosed late,leading to costly treatment and reduced life *** prostate cancer,the absence of a reliable test has inhibited the adoption of screening *** report a microelectronic point-of-care metabolite biomarker measurement platform and use it for prostate cancer *** platform,using an array of photodetectors configured to operate with targeted,multiplexed,colorimetric assays confined in monolithically integrated passive microfluidic channels,completes a combined assay of 4 metabolites in a drop of human plasma in under 2 min.A preliminary clinical study using L-amino acids,glutamate,choline,and sarcosine was used to train a cross-validated random forest *** system demonstrated sensitivity to prostate cancer of 94%with a specificity of 70%and an area under the curve of *** technology can implement many similar assay panels and hence has the potential to revolutionize low-cost,rapid,point-of-care testing.

关键词： inhibited specificity hence

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ABC efflux transporters at blood-central nervous system barriers and their implications for treating spinal cord disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1235-1242页

作者： liam m. Koehn Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics the University of Melbourne

The barriers present in the interfaces between the blood and the central nervous system form a major hurdle for the pharmacological treatment of central nervous system injuries and *** family of ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters has been widely studied regarding efflux of medications at blood-central nervous system *** efflux transporters include P-glycoprotein(abcb1),‘breast cancer resistance protein'(abcg2)and the various‘multidrug resistance-associated proteins'(abccs).Understanding which efflux transporters are present at the blood-spinal cord,blood-cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid-spinal cord barriers is necessary to determine their involvement in limiting drug transfer from blood to the spinal cord *** developments in the blood-brain barrier field have shown that barrier systems are dynamic and the profile of barrier defenses can alter due to conditions such as age,disease and environmental *** means that a true understanding of ABC efflux transporter expression and localization should not be one static value but instead a range that represents the complex patient subpopulations that *** the present review,the blood-central nervous system barrier literature is discussed with a focus on the impact of ABC efflux transporters on:(i)protecting the spinal cord from adverse effects of systemically directed drugs,and(ii)limiting centrally directed drugs from accessing their active sites within the spinal cord.

关键词： ABC transporters ATP-binding cassette BCRP blood-brain barrier blood-spinal cord barrier efflux mRP P-glycoprotein PGP spinal cord injury

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Impacts of spatially inconsistent permafrost degradation on streamflow in the Lena River Basin

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第11期67卷 3559-3570页

作者： XUE ZeHuan WANG YiChu ZHAO Yi LI DongDeng BORTHWICK Alistair George liam The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All materials Fluxes in River Ecosystems Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Engineering The University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JLUnited Kingdom School of Engineering Computing and MathematicsUniversity of PlymouthPlymouth PL48AAUnited Kingdom

Although permafrost degradation contributes significantly to hydrological change in cold regions, gaps remain in our understanding of streamflow variation induced by degrading permafrost in different river basins. We therefore used a deep learning model to simulate the long-term(≥ 30 years) monthly streamflow at 60 hydrological stations along the Lena River, the third longest circum-Arctic river. Analyzing the effects of precipitation, temperature, and thaw depth on streamflow variation throughout the Lena River Basin, we identified two feedback patterns relating streamflow to warming permafrost, observed in areas of continuous and discontinuous permafrost. In northern plain regions with continuous permafrost, 94% of stations presented an increasing trend in annual streamflow from the 1900s to the 2010s due to permafrost degradation. The enhanced streamflow was mainly due to increased meltwater in the flood season. In southern regions covered by both continuous and discontinuous permafrost, approximately 38% of stations exhibited a declining trend in annual streamflow in response to permafrost degradation, with a high proportion(61%) located in mountain regions(elevation ≥ 500 m). The decline is attributed to the enhanced infiltration capacity of thawing frozen layers within discontinuous permafrost regions. Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms behind permafrost degradation-induced streamflow variation and highlights the importance of formulating tailored strategies for sustainable river management in cold regions experiencing climate change.

关键词： permafrost degradation streamflow variation deep learning model climate change large cold basin

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Flexible Hall sensor made of laser-scribed graphene

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npj Flexible Electronics 2021年第1期5卷 18-24页

作者： Altynay Kaidarova Wenhao Liu liam Swanepoel Abdullah Almansouri Nathan RGeraldi Carlos.m.Duarte Jurgen Kosel Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences&Engineering(CEMSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of JeddahDhahbanSaudi Arabia Red Sea Research Center(RSRC)and Computational Biosciences Research Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia Sensor Systems Division Silicon Austria Labs(SAL)VillachAustria

Graphene has shown considerable potential for sensing magnetic fields based on the Hall Effect,due to its high carrier mobility,low sheet carrier density,and low-temperature ***,the cost of graphene in comparison to conventional materials has meant that its uptake in electronic manufacturing has been *** lower technological barriers and bring more widespread adoption of graphene Hall sensors,we are using a one-step laser scribing process that does not rely on multiple steps,toxic chemicals,and subsequent ***-scribed graphene Hall sensors offer a linear response to magnetic fields with a normalized sensitivity of~1.12 V/*** also exhibit a low constant noise voltage floor of~50 nV√Hz p for a bias current of 100μA at room temperature,which is comparable with state-of-the-art low-noise Hall *** sensors combine a high bendability,come with high robustness and operating temperatures up to 400°*** enable device ideas in various areas,for instance,soft *** an example,we combined a laser-scribed graphene sensor with a deformable elastomer and flexible magnet to realize low-cost,compliant,and customizable tactile sensors.

关键词： normalized instance steps

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An assessment for the viability of recovering heat from a smoke extract system

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第4期4卷 458-466页

作者： liam Hancox Siliang Yang Paul Hallam michael White Saim memon School of Built Environment Engineering and ComputingLeeds Beckett UniversityLeeds LS28AGUnited Kingdom Department of Engineering and Technology University of HuddersfieldHuddersfield HD13DHUnited Kingdom

Over the course of industrial manufacturing,additional heat within the extract systems is usually released into the atmosphere and its intrinsic energy is *** paper investigated a cold abatement smoke extract system for a fire testing wall furnace to determine the viability in recovering heat from the hot *** scenarios were investigated:1)the extract system was closed and only 300°C smoke was present;2)the system took in ambient air around the furnace and heat recovery occurred at 80°C in smoky air;3)the smoke had been removed from the air and the temperature was 60°*** was found that there was a significant build-up of soot on Scenarios 1&2 with a build-up rate of 0.25𝜇m/s which totalled 2.7 mm of soot after a three-hour *** soot had a low heat transfer rate and therefore acted as an insulator on the heat exchanger which reduced the efficiency significantly of it over *** to this loss in efficiency,it was more viable to recover heat in Scenario 3 at 60°C in clean air than it was to recover heat at 300°C or 80°C in smoky *** results show that having clean air was more important than a higher temperature when it came from recovering heat from a cold abatement system for a fire testing *** paper contributes to reveal the possibilities of harnessing the“waste heat”for use in other applications in the vicinity of the manufacturing processes,such as heating water within a central heating plant,domestic hot water or electricity generation,or re-cycled within the industrial plant itself.

关键词： Smoke heat recovery Smoke extract process Heat transfer Soot thermal efficiency

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Thermo-optically induced transparency on a photonic chip

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2482-2491页

作者： marco Clementi Simone Iadanza Sebastian A.Schulz Giulia Urbinati Dario Gerace liam O’Faloain matteo Galli Dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdi PaviaVia A.Bassi 627100 PaviaItaly Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis Munster Technological UniversityRossa Ave BishopstownCorkT12 P928Ireland Tyndall National Institute Lee Maltings Complex Dyke ParadeCorkT12 R5CPIreland SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St.AndrewsFifeKY169SSUK Present address:École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Photonic Systems Laboratory(PHOSL)STI-IELStation 11Lausanne1015Switzerland

Controlling the optical response of a medium through suitably tuned coherent electromagnetic fields is highly relevant in a number of potential applications,from all-optical modulators to optical storage *** particular,electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)is an established phenomenon in which destructive quantum interference creates a transparency window over a narrow spectral range around an absorption line,which,in turn,allows to slow and ultimately stop light due to the anomalous refractive index *** we report on the observation of a new form of both induced transparency and amplification of a weak probe beam in a strongly driven silicon photonic crystal resonator at room *** effect is based on the oscillating temperature field induced in a nonlinear optical cavity,and it reproduces many of the key features of EIT while being independent of either atomic or mechanical *** thermo-optically induced transparency will allow a versatile implementation of EIT-analogs in an integrated photonic platform,at almost arbitrary wavelength of interest,room temperature and in a practical,low cost,and scalable system.

关键词： temperature transparency oscillating

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A one-step,tunable method of selective reactive sputter deposition as a wrinkling approach for silver/polydimethylsiloxane for electrically conductive pliable surfaces

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第4期8卷 221-231页

作者： Joel Y.Y.Loh Ali Zeineddine moein Shayegannia Robyn mcNeil liam mcRae Nazir P.Kherani Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G4Canada Department of material Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3E4Canada

The wrinkle period and morphology of a metal thin film on an elastic substrate is typically controlled by modifying the substrate before carrying out additional metal deposition ***,we show that a simultaneously selective and reactive sputtering plasma that modifies the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane(PDmS)substrate while not reacting with the metal during the deposition process decreases the wrinkle wavelength and induces additional wrinkling components and features such as ripples or *** selective reaction of the nitrogen plasma with PDmS functionalizes the siloxane surface into silicon *** hardens the immediate surface of PDmS,with a quadratic increase in the Young’s modulus as a function of the sputtering flow *** increase in the critical strain mismatch and the corresponding presence of folds in the nitrogen-modified wrinkled silver film form a suitable plasmonic platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS),yielding an enhancement factor of 4.8×105 for detecting *** enhancement is linked to the emergence of electromagnetic hotspots from surface plasmon polariton coupling between the folds/wrinkles,which in turn enables the detection of low concentrations of organics using ***,when strained,the nitrogen-modified wrinkles enhance electrical conductivity by a factor of 12 compared with unmodified ***,the optical properties of the substrate can be tuned by altering the N2 *** simple addition of nonreactive nitrogen to silver sputtering enables simultaneous PDmS hardening and growth of the silver film and together provide a new avenue for tuning wrinkling parameters and enhancing the electrical conductivity of pliable surfaces.

关键词： silver reactive film

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Association between tourniquet use and intraoperative blood loss during below-knee amputation

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第7期13卷 644-651页

作者： Alden E Wyland Erik Woelber liam H Wong Jordan Arakawa Zachary m Working James meeker School of medicine Oregon Health and Sciences UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Oregon Health and Sciences UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States

BACKGROUND Despite over 150000 amputations of lower limbs annually,there remains a wide variation in tourniquet practice patterns and no consensus on their necessity,especially among orthopedic patient *** purpose of this study was to determine whether tourniquet use in orthopedic patients undergoing below knee amputation(BKA) was associated with a difference in calculated blood loss relative to no tourniquet *** To determine if tourniquet use in orthopedic patients undergoing BKA was associated with a difference in calculated blood loss relative to no tourniquet *** We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing BKA by orthopedic surgeons at a tertiary care hospital from 2008 through *** loss was calculated using a combination of the Nadler equation for preoperative blood volume and a novel formula utilizing preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels and *** and forwards step-wise multivariate linear regressions were performed to determine the association between tourniquet use and blood loss.A Wilcoxon was used to determine the univariate relationship between tourniquet use and blood loss for in the restricted subgroups of patients who underwent BKA for trauma,tumor,and *** Of 97 eligible patients identified,67 underwent surgery with a tourniquet and 30 did *** multivariate regression,tourniquet use was associated with a 488 mL decrease in calculated blood loss(CI 119-857,P = 0.01).In subgroup analysis,no individual group showed a statistically significant decrease in blood loss with tourniquet *** was no significant association between tourniquet use and either postoperative transfusions or reoperation at one *** We found that tourniquet use during BKA is associated with decreased calculated intraoperative blood *** recommend that surgeons performing this procedure use a tourniquet to minimize blood loss.

关键词： Amputation Tourniquet Blood loss Hemostasis

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maturity-associated considerations for training load,injury risk,and physical performance in youth soccer:One size does not fit all

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 403-412页

作者： Chris Towlson Jamie Salter Jack D.Ade Kevin Enright liam D.Harper Richard m.Page James J.malone Department of Sport Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of HullHull HU67RXUK School of Sport York St John UniversityYork YO317EXUK Liverpool FC Academy Liverpool Football ClubLiverpool L337EDUK Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences L3Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AUK Human and Health Sciences University of HuddersfieldHuddersfield HD13DHUK Department of Sport and Physical Activity Edge Hill UniversityOrmskirk L394QPUK School of Health Sciences Liverpool Hope UniversityLiverpool L169JDUK

Biological maturation can be defined as the timing and tempo of progress to achieving a mature *** estimation of age of peak height velocity(PHV)or percentage of final estimated adult stature attainment(%EASA)is typically used to inform the training process in young *** youth soccer,maturity-related changes in anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics are diverse among individuals,particularly around *** this time,players are also at an increased risk of sustaining an overuse or growth-related *** a result,the implementation of training interventions can be *** purpose of this review was to(1)highlight and discuss many of the methods that can be used to estimate maturation in the applied setting and(2)discuss the implications of manipulating training load around PHV on physical development and injury *** have provided key stakeholders with a practical online tool for estimating player maturation status(Supplementary maturity Estimation Tools).Whilst estimating maturity using predictive equations is useful in guiding the training process,practitioners should be aware of its *** increase the accuracy and usefulness of data,it is also vital that sports scientists implement reliable testing protocols at predetermined time-points.

关键词： Growth Injury maturation Soccer Training

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ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS IN A SILTY TEXTURED SOIL FOLLOWING REINTEGRATION OF A 20 YEARS OLD mISCANTHUS×GIGANTEUS SITE INTO A CROP ROTATION

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 183-197页

作者： Lisa ESSICH Reiner RUSER Jens HARTUNG Anne HANEmANN meike GASSNER liam OBERDORFER Jörn BREUER Jürgen RECKNAGEL Helmut NUßBAUmER Torsten mÜLLER Institute of Crop Science Department Fertilization and Soil Matter DynamicsUniversity of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany Institute of Crop Science Biostatistics UnitUniversity of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany Center for Agricultural Technology Augustenberg(LTZ) 76227 KarlsruheGermany

miscanthus×giganteus may play an important role in replacing fossil energy resources by bio-based *** further advantage of miscanthus production is the generally high soil organic carbon(C_(org))enrichment in *** to declining yields,miscanthus stocks are commonly reintegrated into crop rotation after approximately 20 *** there is only few information,whether these high amounts of(C_(org))can be conserved while intensifying soil tillage and crop management after ***,we monitored(C_(org))stocks in a control with more than 20 years of continuous miscanthus and in a treatment with reintegration of a 20-years old miscanthus stock into an organic crop *** onδ^(13)C soil values,we calculated an annual(C_(org))enrichment of 0.98 mg·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1)C under *** than 95%of the miscanthus-C was determined in the upper 0.25 m of *** miscanthus cultivation did not affect yields during the first five extension years and(C_(org))stocks increased *** reintegration,(C_(org))stocks remained constant during five years,which was mainly attributed to the humification and/or stabilization of high amounts of destroyed roots and rhizomes.A significant decrease in(C_(org))(-5.7 mg·ha^(-1)C)compared to the continuing miscanthus cultivation was at first measured six years after reintegration into crop rotation,underlining the need of long-term *** data also show,that miscanthus production cycles can be extended in our region,and that sowing of the alfalfa grass mixture after rhizome/root destruction was efficient in preserving(C_(org))stocks for at least first five years after reintegration.

关键词： biobased energy crops C balance humus accumulation

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