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In-depth examination of hyperproliferative healing in two breeds of Sus scrofa domesticus commonly used for research

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第4期4卷 406-417页

作者： Colton H.Funkhouser liam d.kirkpatrick Robert d.Smith Lauren T.Moffatt Jeffrey W.Shupp Bonnie C.Carney Firefighters'Burn and Surgical Research Laboratory MedStar Health Research InstituteWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA department of Surgery Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA The Burn Center Department of SurgeryMedStar Washington Hospital CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA

Background:Wound healing can result in various outcomes,including hypertrophic scar(HTS).Pigs serve as models to study wound healing as their skin shares physi-ologic similarity with ***(Yk)and duroc(dc)pigs have been used to mimic normal and abnormal wound healing,*** reason behind this differential healing phenotype was explored ***:Excisional wounds were made on dc and Yk pigs and were sampled and imaged for 98 *** arrays were used to determine differential gene *** Scar Scale(VSS)scores were ***-epithelialization was analyzed.H&E,Mason's trichrome,and immunostains were used to determine cellularity,col-lagen content,and blood vessel density,***:Yk wounds heal to a“port wine”HTS,resembling scarring in Fitzpatrick skin types(FST)*** wounds heal to a dyspigmented,non-pliable HTS,resembling scarring in FST *** expression during wound healing was differentially regulated versus uninjured skin in 40/80 genes,15 of which differed between *** scars had a higher VSS score at all time *** and dc wounds had equivalent re-epithelialization,collagen disorganization,and blood vessel ***:Our findings demonstrate that dc and Yk pigs can produce *** creation and healing were consistent among breeds,and differences in gene expression were not sufficient to explain differences in resulting scar *** pig breeds should be used in animal models to investigate novel therapeutics to provide insight into a treatment's effectiveness on various skin types.

关键词： animal models burns Fitzpatrick skin type hypertrophic scar wound healing

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The relationship between intraspecific assortative mating and reproductive isolation between divergent populations

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 484-492页

作者： daniel I. BOLNICK Mark kirkpatrick Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Integrative Biology One University Station C0930 University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Section of Integrative Biology One University Station C0930 University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

The term ＇assortative mating＇ has been applied to describe two very different phenomena：（1） the tendency for indi- viduals to choose phenotypically similar mates from among conspecifics; or （2） the tendency to prefer conspecific over hete- rospecific mates （behavioral reproductive isolation）. Both forms of assortative mating are widespread in nature, but the relation- ship between these behaviors remains unclear. Namely, it is plausible that a preference for phenotypically similar conspecifics in cidentally reduces the probability of mating with phenotypically divergent heterospecifics. We present a model to calculate how the level of reproductive isolation depends on intraspecific assortative mating and the phenotypic divergence between species. For empirically reasonable levels of intraspecific assortment on a single trait axis, we show that strong reproductive isolation requires very substantial phenotypic divergence. We illustrate this point by applying our model to empirical data from threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus and darwin＇s Finches （Geospiza spp）. We conclude that typical levels of intraspecific assortment cannot generally be extrapolated to explain levels of interspecific reproductive isolation. Instead, reproductive isolation between species likely arises from different mate choice behaviors, or multivariate assortative mating [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 484-492, 2012].

关键词： Assortative mating Hybridization Mating preference Reproductive isolation Speciation

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Modelling the regenerative niche:a major challenge in biomaterials research

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2015年第4期2卷 267-272页

作者： C.James kirkpatrick REPAIR-Lab Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg University MainzD-55101 MainzGermany department of Biomaterials Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden

By definition,biomaterials are developed for clinical *** the field of regenerative medicine their principal function is to play a significant,and,if possible,an instructive role in tissue *** the last analysis the latter involves targeting the‘regenerative niche’.The present paper will address the problem of simulating this niche in the laboratory and adopts a life science approach involving the harnessing of heterotypic cellular communication to achieve this,that is,the ability of cells of different types to mutually influence cellular ***,co-culture systems using human cells are the methodological focus and will concern four exemplary fields of regeneration,namely,bone,soft tissue,lower respiratory tract and airway *** working hypothesis underlying this approach is that in vitro models of higher complexity will be more clinically relevant than simple monolayer cultures of transformed cell lines in testing innovative strategies with biomaterials for regeneration.

关键词： biomaterial-cell interaction regenerative mechanism stem cells

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A machine learning approach to model solute grain boundary segregation

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 130-137页

作者： liam Huber Raheleh Hadian Blazej Grabowski Jörg Neugebauer Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH D-40237 DüsseldorfGermany

Even minute amounts of one solute atom per one million bulk atoms may give rise to qualitative changes in the mechanical response and fracture resistance of modern structural *** changes are commonly related to enrichment by several orders of magnitude of the solutes at structural defects in the host *** underlying concept—segregation—is thus fundamental in materials *** include it in modern strategies of materials design,accurate and realistic computational modelling tools are ***,the enormous number of defect configurations as well as sites solutes can occupy requires models which rely on severe *** the present study we combine a high-throughput study containing more than 1 million data points with machine learning to derive a computationally highly efficient framework which opens the opportunity to model this important mechanism on a routine basis.

关键词： grain solute boundary

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Maturity-associated considerations for training load,injury risk,and physical performance in youth soccer:One size does not fit all

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 403-412页

作者： Chris Towlson Jamie Salter Jack d.Ade Kevin Enright liam d.Harper Richard M.Page James J.Malone department of Sport Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of HullHull HU67RXUK School of Sport York St John UniversityYork YO317EXUK Liverpool FC Academy Liverpool Football ClubLiverpool L337EDUK Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences L3Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AUK Human and Health Sciences University of HuddersfieldHuddersfield HD13DHUK department of Sport and Physical Activity Edge Hill UniversityOrmskirk L394QPUK School of Health Sciences Liverpool Hope UniversityLiverpool L169JDUK

Biological maturation can be defined as the timing and tempo of progress to achieving a mature *** estimation of age of peak height velocity(PHV)or percentage of final estimated adult stature attainment(%EASA)is typically used to inform the training process in young *** youth soccer,maturity-related changes in anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics are diverse among individuals,particularly around *** this time,players are also at an increased risk of sustaining an overuse or growth-related *** a result,the implementation of training interventions can be *** purpose of this review was to(1)highlight and discuss many of the methods that can be used to estimate maturation in the applied setting and(2)discuss the implications of manipulating training load around PHV on physical development and injury *** have provided key stakeholders with a practical online tool for estimating player maturation status(Supplementary Maturity Estimation Tools).Whilst estimating maturity using predictive equations is useful in guiding the training process,practitioners should be aware of its *** increase the accuracy and usefulness of data,it is also vital that sports scientists implement reliable testing protocols at predetermined time-points.

关键词： Growth Injury Maturation Soccer Training

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A Transcriptome Atlas of Physcomitrella patens Provides Insights into the Evolution and development of Land Plants

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Molecular Plant 2016年第2期9卷 205-220页

作者： Carlos Ortiz-Ramirez Marcela Hernandez-Coronado Anna Thamm Bruno Catarino Mingyi Wang liam dolan Jose A.Feijo Jorg d. Becker Instituto Gulbenklan de Ciencia Rua da Quinta Grande 6 2780-156 Oeiras Portugal department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK division of Plant Biology The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland 0118 BioSclence Research Building College Park MD 20742-5815 USA These authors contributed equally to this article

Identifying the genetic mechanisms that underpin the evolution of new organ and tissue systems is an aim of evolutionary developmental biology. Comparative functional genetic studies between angiosperms and bryophytes can define those genetic changes that were responsible for developmental innovations. Here, we report the generation of a transcriptome atlas covering most phases in the life cycle of the model bryo- phyte Physcomitrella patens, including detailed sporophyte developmental progression. We identified a comprehensive set of sporophyte-specific transcription factors, and found that many of these genes have homologs in angiosperms that function in developmental processes such as flowering and shoot branching. deletion of the PpTCP5 transcription factor results in development of supernumerary sporangia attached to a single seta, suggesting that it negatively regulates branching in the moss sporophyte. Given that TCP genes repress branching in angiosperms, we suggest that this activity is ancient. Finally, compar- ison of P. patens and Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptomes led us to the identification of a conserved core of transcription factors expressed in tip-growing cells. We identified modifications in the expression patterns of these genes that could account for developmental differences between P. patens tip-growing cells and A. thaliana pollen tubes and root hairs.

关键词： land plant evolution Physcomitrella patens transcriptome atlas TCP branching tip growth

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Injury and illness in short-course triathletes:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 172-185页

作者： Sara A.Guevara Melissa L.Crunkhorn Michael drew Gordon Waddington Julien d.Périard Naroa Etxebarria liam A.Toohey Paula Charlton University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise(UCRISE) BruceACT 2617Australia New South Wales Institute of Sport SydneyNSW 2127Australia Queensland Academy of Sport BrisbaneQLD 4111Australia Triathlon Australia Gold CoastQLD 4227Australia Australian Institute of Sport BruceACT 2617Australia

Background:determining the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness in short-course triathletes would improve understanding of their etiologies and therefore assist in the development and implementation of prevention *** study synthesizes the existing evidence on the incidence and prevalence of injury and illness and summarizes reported injury or illness etiology and risk factors affecting short-course ***:This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses *** reporting health problems(injury and illness)in triathletes(all sexes,ages,and experience levels)training and/or competing in short-course distances were *** electronic databases(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,MEdLINE,Embase,APA PsychINFO,Web of Science Core Collection,and SPORTdiscus)were *** of bias was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment *** authors independently completed data ***:The search yielded 7998 studies,with 42 studies eligible for ***-three studies investigated injuries,24 studies investigated illnesses,and 5 studies investigated both injuries and *** injury incidence rate ranged 15.7-24.3 per 1000 athlete exposures,and the illness incidence rate ranged 1.8-13.1 per 1000 athlete *** and illness prevalence ranged between 2%-15%and 6%-84%,*** injuries reported occurred during running(45%-92%),and the most frequently reported illnesses affected the gastrointestinal(7%-70%),cardiovascular(14%-59%),and respiratory systems(5%-60%).Conclusion:The most frequently reported health problems in short-course triathletes were:overuse and lower limb injuries associated with running;gastrointestinal illnesses and altered cardiac function,primarily attributable to environmental factors;and respiratory illness mostly caused by infection.

关键词： Athlete illnesses Athletic injuries Epidemiology Triathlon

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A systematic review of objective burn scar measurements

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第2期4卷 90-122页

作者： Kwang Chear Lee Janine dretzke liam Grover Ann Logan Naiem Moiemen The Healing Foundation Burn Research Centre University Hospital Birmingham Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK Public Health Epidemiology and BiostatisticsInstitute of Applied Health ResearchCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK The Healing Foundation Burn Research Centre University Hospital Birmingham Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK

Background:Problematic scarring remains a challenging aspect to address in the treatment of burns and can significantly affect the quality of life of the burn *** present,there are few treatments available in the clinic to control adverse scarring,but experimental pharmacological anti-scarring strategies are now beginning to *** comparative success must be based on objective measurements of scarring,yet currently the clinical assessment of scars is not carried out systematically and is mostly based on subjective review of ***,several techniques and devices are being introduced that allow objective analysis of the burn *** aim of this article is to evaluate various objective measurement tools currently available and recommend a useful panel that is suitable for use in clinical trials of anti-scarring ***:A systematic literature search was done using the Web of Science,PubMed and Cochrane *** identified devices were then classified and grouped according to the parameters they *** tools were then compared and assessed in terms of inter-and intra-rater reproducibility,ease of use and ***:After duplicates were removed,5062 articles were obtained in the *** further screening,157 articles which utilised objective burn scar measurement systems or tools were *** scar measurement devices can be broadly classified into those measuring colour,metric variables,texture,biomechanical properties and pathophysiological ***:Objective scar measurement tools allow the accurate and reproducible evaluation of scars,which is important for both clinical and scientific ***,studies to evaluate their relative performance and merits of these tools are scarce,and there remain factors,such as itch and pain,which cannot be measured *** reviewing the available evidence,a panel of devices for objective scar measurement is recommended consisting of the 3d cameras(Eyk

关键词： Scar measurement Burn Objective measurement 3d camera Laser imaging High-frequency ultrasound image Colorimeter Cutometer

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Thermo-optically induced transparency on a photonic chip

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2482-2491页

作者： Marco Clementi Simone Iadanza Sebastian A.Schulz Giulia Urbinati dario Gerace liam O’Faloain Matteo Galli dipartimento di Fisica Universitàdi PaviaVia A.Bassi 627100 PaviaItaly Centre for Advanced Photonics and Process Analysis Munster Technological UniversityRossa Ave BishopstownCorkT12 P928Ireland Tyndall National Institute Lee Maltings Complex Dyke ParadeCorkT12 R5CPIreland SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St.AndrewsFifeKY169SSUK Present address:École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Photonic Systems Laboratory(PHOSL)STI-IELStation 11Lausanne1015Switzerland

Controlling the optical response of a medium through suitably tuned coherent electromagnetic fields is highly relevant in a number of potential applications,from all-optical modulators to optical storage *** particular,electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)is an established phenomenon in which destructive quantum interference creates a transparency window over a narrow spectral range around an absorption line,which,in turn,allows to slow and ultimately stop light due to the anomalous refractive index *** we report on the observation of a new form of both induced transparency and amplification of a weak probe beam in a strongly driven silicon photonic crystal resonator at room *** effect is based on the oscillating temperature field induced in a nonlinear optical cavity,and it reproduces many of the key features of EIT while being independent of either atomic or mechanical *** thermo-optically induced transparency will allow a versatile implementation of EIT-analogs in an integrated photonic platform,at almost arbitrary wavelength of interest,room temperature and in a practical,low cost,and scalable system.

关键词： temperature transparency oscillating

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1976年大石河尾矿坝地震反应分析

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岩土工程学报 1996年第4期18卷 48-56页

作者：辛鸿博 FinnW.d.liam 冶金部建筑研究总院

位于我国东北、华北地区的十几座大型尾矿坝成功地经受了１９７５年海城地震（Ｍ＝７．３）和１９７６年唐山地震（Ｍ＝７８，Ｍ＝７１）的袭击，这为研究上游法尾矿坝的抗震性能以及评价目前坝体地震反应分析、稳定分析方法的能力... 详细信息

位于我国东北、华北地区的十几座大型尾矿坝成功地经受了１９７５年海城地震（Ｍ＝７．３）和１９７６年唐山地震（Ｍ＝７８，Ｍ＝７１）的袭击，这为研究上游法尾矿坝的抗震性能以及评价目前坝体地震反应分析、稳定分析方法的能力及其有效性提供了宝贵的经验与资料。本文采用二维真非线性有效应力动力反应分析程序ＴＡＲＡ－３，研究了位于唐山市东北约５０ｋｍ处具有代表性的大石河尾矿坝。计算结果与震后宏观调查结果相符，基本上再现了１９７６年大石河尾矿坝在唐山地震过程中的表现。

关键词：尾矿坝地震反应非线性有效应力增量法

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