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Implications for fault reactivation and seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing

Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1081-1098页

作者： Zi-Han Sun Ming-Guang Che li-hong zhu Shu-Juan Zhang Ji-Yuan Lu Chang-Yu Jin Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines School of Resources and Civil Engineering and Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent TechnologyNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing100084China The Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield limited Company Daqing163458HeilongjiangChina

Evaluating the physical mechanisms that link hydraulic fracturing(HF) operations to induced earthquakes and the anticipated form of the resulting events is significant in informing subsurface fluid injection operations. Current understanding supports the overriding role of the effective stress magnitude in triggering earthquakes, while the impact of change rate of effective stress has not been systematically addressed. In this work, a modified critical stiffness was brought up to investigate the likelihood, impact,and mitigation of induced seismicity during and after hydraulic fracturing by developing a poroelastic model based on rate-and-state fraction law and linear stability analysis. In the new criterion, the change rate of effective stress was considered a key variable to explore the evolution of this criterion and hence the likelihood of instability slip of fault. A coupled fluid flow-deformation model was used to represent the entire hydraulic fracturing process in COMSOL Multiphysics. The possibility of triggering an earthquake throughout the entire hydraulic fracturing process, from fracturing to cessation, was investigated considering different fault locations, orientations, and positions along the fault. The competition between the effects of the magnitude and change rate of effective stress was notable at each fracturing stage. The effective stress magnitude is a significant controlling factor during fracturing events, with the change rate dominating when fracturing is suddenly started or stopped. Instability dominates when the magnitude of the effective stress increases(constant injection at each fracturing stage) and the change rate of effective stress decreases(the injection process is suddenly stopped). Fracturing with a high injection rate, a fault adjacent to the hydraulic fracturing location and the position of the junction between the reservoir and fault are important to reduce the Coulomb failure stress(CFS) and enhance the critical stiffness as

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Coulomb failure stress Rate-and-state fraction model linear stability analysis Critical stiffness Seismically induced fault

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外源性硫化氢对肾小球系膜细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的影响及其机制

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中国药理学通报 2024年第1期40卷 133-138页

作者：林真亭田华李鸿珠厦门医学院基础医学部福建厦门361023 厦门大学医学院基础部福建厦门361102

目的探讨外源性硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H_(2)S)对肾小球系膜细胞缺氧/复氧(hypoxia/reoxygenation,H/R)损伤的影响,并阐明其相关作用机制。方法H/R诱导小鼠肾小球系膜细胞系(SV40MES13)建立细胞损伤模型。细胞增殖试剂盒(CCK8)检测细... 详细信息

目的探讨外源性硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H_(2)S)对肾小球系膜细胞缺氧/复氧(hypoxia/reoxygenation,H/R)损伤的影响,并阐明其相关作用机制。方法H/R诱导小鼠肾小球系膜细胞系(SV40MES13)建立细胞损伤模型。细胞增殖试剂盒(CCK8)检测细胞活力,荧光探针技术分别检测H_(2)S和活性氧(ROS)含量,生化试剂盒检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,Hoechst 33342染色检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(cystathione-gamma-lyase,CSE)、细胞凋亡相关蛋白(cleaved-caspase-3、Cyt c和Bcl-2)表达及信号通路相关蛋白(ERK1/2、Phospho-ERK1/2)活性。结果与对照(Control)组相比,缺氧/复氧(H/R)组细胞活力、内源性H_(2)S含量CSE蛋白表达、SOD活性及Bcl-2蛋白表达均明显降低;细胞凋亡率、MDA和ROS含量、Cyt c及cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达均显著升高;同时,磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)活性明显降低。与H/R比较,H/R+NaHS(外源性H_(2)S供体)逆转了H/R对上述指标的影响。另外,PD98059(ERK1/2抑制剂)减弱了NaHS对磷酸化ERK1/2的作用。结论肾小球系膜细胞H/R损伤与内源性CSE/H_(2)S系统下调有关;外源性H_(2)S通过上调ERK1/2通路抑制氧化应激和细胞凋亡,减轻肾小球系膜细胞H/R损伤。

关键词：硫化氢缺氧/复氧肾小球系膜细胞 ERK1/2通路细胞凋亡 CSE/H_(2)S系统

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Weak type(1, 1) of the Riesz transform on some direct product manifolds with exponential volume growth

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第7期67卷 1599-1622页

作者： hong-Quan li Jie-Xiang zhu School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

In this paper, we are concerned with the Riesz transform on the direct product manifold H^(n)× M,where H^(n) is the n-dimensional real hyperbolic space, and M is a connected complete non-compact Riemannian manifold satisfying the volume doubling property and generalized Gaussian or sub-Gaussian upper estimates for the heat kernel. We establish its weak type(1, 1) property. In addition, we obtain the weak type(1, 1) of the heat maximal operator in the same setting. Our arguments also work for a large class of direct product manifolds with exponential volume growth. Particularly, we provide a simpler proof of weak type(1, 1) boundedness of some operators considered in the work of li et al.(2016).

关键词： Riesz transform heat kernel direct product real hyperbolic space

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A Non-Parametric Scheme for Identifying Data Characteristic Based on Curve Similarity Matching

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第6期11卷 1424-1437页

作者： Quanbo Ge Yang Cheng hong li Ziyi Ye Yi zhu Gang Yao School of Automation Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyJiangsu Provincial University Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Intelligent SystemsNanjing University of Information Science&Technologyand the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Department of Logistics Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China China Classification Society Nantong Office Nantong 226006China Chinese Flight Test Establishment Xi’an 710089China School of Mathematics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Automation Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Logistics Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China IEEE

For accurately identifying the distribution charac-teristic of Gaussian-like noises in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)state estimation,this paper proposes a non-parametric scheme based on curve similarity *** the framework of the pro-posed scheme,a Parzen window(kernel density estimation,KDE)method on sliding window technology is applied for roughly esti-mating the sample probability density,a precise data probability density function(PDF)model is constructed with the least square method on K-fold cross validation,and the testing result based on evaluation method is obtained based on some data characteristic analyses of curve shape,abruptness and *** com-parison simulations with classical methods and UAV flight exper-iment shows that the proposed scheme has higher recognition accuracy than classical methods for some kinds of Gaussian-like data,which provides better reference for the design of Kalman filter(KF)in complex water environment.

关键词： Curve similarity matching Gaussian-like noise non-parametric scheme parzen window.

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新型高增益耦合电感二次型变换器

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电力电子技术 2024年第5期58卷 123-125页

作者：李洪珠唐硕张博源宋承航辽宁工程技术大学电气与控制工程学院辽宁葫芦岛125105

将开关-耦合电感单元引入二次型变换器,采用一个耦合电感和两个独立电感,在开关管关断时,电感为电容充电;导通时,利用电容为负载供电。与传统变换器相比,所提出的变换器采用更少的器件,能得到高电压增益效果与低占空比。采用了降低电压... 详细信息

将开关-耦合电感单元引入二次型变换器,采用一个耦合电感和两个独立电感,在开关管关断时,电感为电容充电;导通时,利用电容为负载供电。与传统变换器相比,所提出的变换器采用更少的器件,能得到高电压增益效果与低占空比。采用了降低电压应力的电容,二极管和半导体开关,开关管应力更低。提出了稳态和比较性能分析,制作了一台140W实验平台,给出实验数据与结论,验证了理论分析的正确性。

关键词：二次型变换器耦合电感高增益电压应力

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Metal/covalent organic frameworks for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 247-259页

作者： Hu hong Xun Guo Jiaxiong zhu zhuoxi Wu Qing li Chunyi Zhi Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

lithium-ion batteries(liBs)have become one of the most successful energy storage systems due to their high operating voltage,high energy density,and long cycle ***,with the widespread use of liBs in recent decades,lithium resources are at risk of being ***,it is necessary to find a substitute for liBs to meet the needs of future large-scale energy storage *** of their competitiveness,low cost,and high safety,aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries(ARZIBs)are regarded as promising components in the post-lithium-ion-battery *** the tunable composition,ordered porous channels,and controllable structure of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs),these frameworks are viewed as potential materials for developing high-performance *** this review,we focus on the recent developments in the applications of MOF-/COF-based materials in ARZIBs,including in electrode materials,anode modifications,separators,and solid *** then focus on the critical factors and optimization techniques of MOF-/COF-based materials that affect the performance of ***,we conclude with some projections for the expansion of ARZIBs containing MOF-/COF-based materials.

关键词： metal/covalent organic frameworks aqueous zinc-ion batteries electrode materials anode modifications separators electrolytes

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Mechanism of local solidification time variations with melt rate during vacuum arc remelting process of 8Cr4Mo4V high-strength steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第2期31卷 377-388页

作者： Tao Pan hong-chun zhu Zhou-hua Jiang Hua-bing li Rui Zhang Hao Feng School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina

A 2D axisymmetric numerical model was established to investigate the variations of molten pool with different melt rates during the vacuum arc remelting of 8Cr4Mo4V high-strength steel,and the ingot growth was simulated by dynamic mesh *** results show that as the ingot grows,the molten pool profile changes from shallow and flat to V-shaped,and both the molten pool depth and the mushy width ***,the variation of both the molten pool shape and the mushy width melt rate is clarified by the thermal equilibrium *** melt rate increases,both the molten pool depth and the mushy width *** is caused by the increment in sensible heat stored in the ingot due to the limitation of the cooling capacity of the *** nonlinear increment in sensible heat leads to a nonlinear increase in the mushy *** addition,as melt rate increases,the local solidification time(LST)of ingot decreases obviously at first and then *** melt rate is controlled in a suitable range,LST is the lowest and the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the ingot is the smallest,which can effectively improve the compactness degree of 8Cr4Mo4V high-strength steel.

关键词： 8Cr4Mo4V high-strength steel Vacuum arc remelting process Melt rate Molten pool Local solidification time

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Leaching kinetics of fluorine during the aluminum removal from spent li-ion battery cathode materials

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 312-325页

作者： Shengjie li Jianxin zhu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The high content of aluminum(Al)impurity in the recycled cathode powder seriously affects the extraction efficiency of Nickel,Cobalt,Manganese,and lithium resources and the actual commercial value of recycled materials,so Al removal is crucially important to conform to the industrial standard of spent li-ion battery cathode *** this work,we systematically investigated the leaching process and optimum conditions associated with Al removal from the cathode powder materials collected in a wet cathode-powder peeling and recycling production line of spent li-ion batteries(liBs).Moreover,we specifically studied the leaching of fluorine(F)synergistically happened along with the removal process of Al,which was not concerned about in other studies,but one of the key factors affecting pollution prevention in the recovery *** mechanism of the whole process including the leaching of Al and F from the cathode powder was indicated by using NMR,FTIR,and XPS,and a defluoridation process was preliminarily investigated in this *** leaching kinetics of Al could be successfully described by the shrinking core model,controlled by the diffusion process and the activation energy was 11.14 kJ/***,the leaching of F was attributed to the dissolution of liPF6and decomposition of PVDF,and the kinetics associated was described by Avrami *** interaction of Al and F is advantageous to realize the defluoridation to some *** is expected that our investigation will provide theoretical support for the large-scale recycling of spent liBs.

关键词： Al removal F leaching Cathode powder Heating alkali leaching Leaching kinetics

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Energy Harvesting in the Wake of An Inverted C-Shaped Bluff Body

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第1期38卷 68-80页

作者： WANG Jun-lei li Shen-fang Md.Mahbub ALAM zhu hong-jun HU Guo-biao School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China Center for Turbulence Control Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Internet of Things Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 511400China

This paper proposes a novel wake-induced vibration(WIV)-based energy harvesting system consisting of two bluff *** inverted C-shaped bluff body is stationary installed at the upstream position to generate an interference wake street,and a cylinder bluff body equipped with a transducer is elastically suspended at the downstream position to harness WIV *** hydrodynamics and energy harvesting(EH)performance of the proposed system are investigated via experimental *** reduced velocity(U*)ranging from 2 to 14(the corresponding Reynolds number ranging from 15100 to 106200)is considered in the present *** is found that the wake generated by the inverted C-shaped bluff body significantly affects the EH *** the opening angle(α)of the C-shaped bluff body increases the vibration amplitude of the downstream cylinder,thereby increasing the harvested *** the spacing(L)between two bluff bodies is two times the cylinder diameter(D),the wake-induced vibration(WIV)mode is observed,while the combined WIV and wake galloping(WG)mode occurs whenαis 150°,and L equals 3D or *** average drag coefficient becomes negative when L is 2D,3D,or *** carefully configuring a C-shaped bluff body,the wake generated by it can bring an augmenting effect on the vibration of the downstream EH *** example,the RMS power output of the proposed EH system reaches a maximum of 0.31 W at U*=8 and L=4D,which is 300%greater than that of its traditional ***,after a number of case stud-ies,it is identified that the proposed EH system can achieve the best performance whenαis 150°and L=2D.

关键词： wake-induced vibration vortex-induced vibration galloping energy harvesting bluff body

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Development and validation of a new prognostic model for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure in intensive care unit

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第20期30卷 2657-2676页

作者： Zong-Yi zhu Xiu-hong Huang Hui-Qing Jiang li liu Department of Gastroenterology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000Hebei ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Weixian People's HospitalXingtai 054700Hebei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Cirrhotic patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)in the intensive care unit(ICU)have a poor but variable *** prognosis evaluation can guide the rational management of patients with ***,existing prognostic scores for ACLF in the ICU environment lack sufficient *** To develop a new prognostic model for patients with ACLF in *** Data from 938 ACLF patients in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care(MIMIC)database were used to develop a new prognostic model(MIMIC ACLF)for ***,calibration and clinical utility of MIMIC ACLF were assessed by area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC),calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA),*** ACLF was then externally validated in a multiple-center cohort,the Electronic Intensive Care Collaborative Research Database and a single-center cohort from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University in *** The MIMIC ACLF score was determined using nine variables:ln(age)×2.2+ln(white blood cell count)×0.22-ln(mean arterial pressure)×2.7+respiratory failure×0.6+renal failure×0.51+cerebral failure×0.31+ln(total bilirubin)×0.44+ln(internationalized normal ratio)×0.59+ln(serum potassium)×*** MIMIC cohort,the AUROC(0.81/0.79)for MIMIC ACLF for 28/90-day ACLF mortality were significantly greater than those of Chronic liver Failure Consortium ACLF(0.76/0.74),Model for End-stage liver Disease(MELD;0.73/0.71)and MELD-Na(0.72/0.70)(all Plinical utility of MIMIC ACLF were validated in the external *** We developed and validated a new prognostic model with satisfactory accuracy

关键词： Acute-on-chronic liver failure Cirrhosis Risk stratification Prognosis Model Scores

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