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Antiviral Therapy Eligibility and Low Treatment Coverage among Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients in Tanzania

Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第10期13卷 299-312页

作者： Semvua B. Kilonzo Igembe Nkandala Hyasinta Jaka leticia Marmo Department of Internal Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Internal Medicine Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania

Introduction: Limited access to treatment is a crucial factor contributing to the suboptimal control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, especially in sub-Saharan African countries such as Tanzania. The eligibility for antiviral therapy is typically determined based on the extent of HBV replication and liver damage. However, there is insufficient data available regarding the actual treatment needs and the overall characteristics of HBV-infected individuals in Tanzania. Therefore, the aim of this study is to fill this knowledge gap and provide valuable insights to aid in the planning of treatment programs. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Bugando Medical Centre in northwest Tanzania, examining the data of 340 patients who were diagnosed with chronic HBV infection and attending the hepatitis clinic. Data on sociodemographic, clinical, and investigation details were collected through electronic files and subsequently analyzed. The eligibility for HBV antiviral treatment was assessed using the criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: Out of the 340 patients included in the study, the majorities were males 252 (74.1%) and had a median age of 36 years. Most patients came from outside of Mwanza city. Twenty-percent had significantly elevated alanine transaminase, and over one-third had high DNA levels (>2000 IU/L). The prevalences of liver cirrhosis and significant liver fibrosis were 15% and 15.3%, respectively. None of the patients were on antiviral therapy for hepatitis B. A total of 64 (18.8%) patients met the criteria for treatment eligibility. Male sex, older age, residing outside Mwanza city, and anemia (all with p Conclusion and Recommendations: The significant number of HBV-infected patients is suitable for antiviral therapy but none of them have initiated the treatment. The significance of these findings is to emphasize the need for enhancing hepatitis B services in Tanzania.

关键词： Hepatitis B Treatment Eligibility Coverage Tanzania

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The Damage Spreading Method in Monte Carlo Simulations:A Brief Overview and Applications to Confined Magnetic Materials

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第7期4卷 207-230页

作者： M.leticia Rubio Puzzo Ezequiel V.Albano Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquimicas Teoricas y Aplicadas(INIFTA) UNLPCONICETCasilla de Correo 16 Sucursal 4(1900)La PlataArgentina

The Damage Spreading(DS)method allows the investigation of the effect caused by tiny perturbations,in the initial conditions of physical systems,on their final stationary or equilibrium *** damage(D(t))is determined during the dynamic evolution of a physical system and measures the time dependence of the difference between a reference(unperturbed)configuration and an initially perturbed *** this paper we first give a brief overview of Monte Carlo simulation results obtained by applying the DS *** model systems under study often exhibit a transition between a state where the damage becomes healed(the frozen phase)and a regime where the damage spreads arriving at a finite(stationary)value(the damaged phase),when a control parameter is finely *** kinds of transitions are actually true irreversible phase transitions themselves,and the issue of their universality class is also ***,the attention is focused on the propagation of damage in magnetic systems placed in confined *** influence of interfaces between magnetic domains of different orientation on the spreading of the perturbation is also discussed,showing that the presence of interfaces enhances the propagation of the ***,the critical transition between propagation and nonpropagation of the damage is *** all cases,the determined critical exponents suggest that the DS transition does not belong to the universality class of Directed Percolation,unlike many other systems exhibiting irreversible phase *** result reflects the dramatic influence of interfaces on the propagation of perturbations in magnetic systems.

关键词： Propagation of perturbations phase transitions and critical phenomena magnetic systems in confined geometries.

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Dynamic Instability of Straight Bars Subjected to Impulsive Axial Loads Using the DEM

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2015年第2期104卷 87-104页

作者： leticia Fleck Fadel Miguel Leandro Fleck Fadel Miguel Joao Kaminski Jr. Department of Mechanical Engineering UFRGSPorto AlegreRSBrazil Department of Civil Engineering UFSCFlorianopolisSCBrazil Department of Structures and Civil Construction UFSMSanta MariaRSBrazil

Since the half of the XX century,attention was given to the instability of structures under parametric excitation,especially under periodic *** the other hand,the instability of bars subjected to axial loads of impulsive type has been little studied,in spite of the practical importance of the ***,in Engineering Design it is frequently supposed,without tests or additional verifications,that an axial load of short duration can exceed the Euler critical load of the bar without inducing damage in the *** this context,this paper proposes the use of the truss-like Discrete Element Method(DEM)for determining the dynamic response of elastic straight bars subjected to axial loads defined by pulses of short *** proposed approach allows the consideration of initial imperfections,as well as large displacements and other non-linear *** influence of the pulse duration and other effects in the response of the bar are also ***,the performance of the proposed methodology is verified in static and dynamic instability problems of homogeneous bars without geometrical imperfections,by comparing the DEM results with analytical solutions available in the *** that,the DEM is employed to analyze more complex cases,including bars with initial imperfections and non-homogeneous bars,in which material properties,as Young’s modulus and mass density,are assumed to be correlated Gaussian random *** proposed methodology has proven to be a useful and easy tool for analysis of dynamic instability of bars and could therefore be used by designers for estimating the dynamic buckling load.

关键词： Dynamic Instability Critical Buckling Load Discrete Element Method Impulsive Load Stochastic Fields Mesh Imperfections

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Late and very late onset group B Streptococcus sepsis:one and the same?

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第1期10卷 24-28页

作者： Joseph B Cantey Courtney Baldridge Rachel Jamison leticia A Shanley Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA

Background:This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of group B Streptococcus(GBS)sepsis in infants aged 4–90 days[late onset(LO)]compared to infants>90 days of age[very late onset(VLO)].Methods:Microbiology records at Children’s Medical Center Dallas were ***,clinical,and outcome data were collected for infants with GBS recovered from blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture from January 1,2006 to July 1,***:Totally 48 infants were identified(42 LO,6 VLO).Infants with VLO sepsis had lower median gestational age(28.5 vs.39 weeks gestation,P<0.001)and longer median nursery admissions(8.8 vs.0.5 weeks,P=0.004).When gestational age was controlled for,there were no differences in clinical presentation,intensive care unit admission,length of stay,neurodevelopmental outcome,and *** with VLO sepsis were more likely to receive vancomycin(83%vs.33%,P=0.02)or third-generation cephalosporins(83%vs.24%,P=0.009),and more likely to continue on those agents even after GBS was ***:Infants with VLO sepsis had lower gestational ages and longer nursery stays than infants with LO *** age at presentation,there were no significant differences in clinical presentations,hospital course,frequency of neurodevelopmental sequelae,and mortality in infants presenting with LO *** GBS *** with VLO sepsis were more likely to receive empiric broad spectrum antimicrobials and more likely to continue receiving broad therapy even following GBS identification.

关键词： group B Streptococcus infant meningitis sepsis

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Reproduction ecology of the recently invasive snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis on the island of Ilbiza Elba

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 363-371页

作者： Elba MoNTES Monica FERICHE leticia Ruiz-SUEIRo Esmeralda ALAMINos Juan M.Pleguezuelos Department of Zoology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of Valenciac/Dr.Moliner50BurjassotValencia E-46100Spain Department of Zoology Faculty of SciencesGranada UniversityGranada E-18071Spain Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution Butantan InstituteUniversity of Sao PauloAv.Vital Brazil1.500ButantaE-05503900Sao PauloBrasil Department of Sciences Granada Sciences ParkGranadaSpain*Address correspondence to Elba Montes

Knowing the causes of biological invasion success can be relevant to combat future invasive *** recent invasion of the horseshoe whip snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis on the island of Ibiza provides the opportunity to compare natural history traits between invasive and source populations,and to unravel what makes this snake a successful invader that is threatening the only endemic vertebrate of the island,Podarcis *** study compares the basic reproductive traits of mainland native and invasive populations of the *** results revealed that invasive populations were characterized by female maturity at a smaller size,extended reproductive period,and much lower reproduction frequency compared to the native *** contrast,some major reproductive traits--the abdominal fat body cycle,clutch size,hatchling body size,and hatchling body condition,did not differ between the two *** of these results must reflect the environmental differences in the recently invaded island with respect to the source area,and overall plasticity of reproductive *** is evolutionarily interesting,and may aid the succesful growth of this species in their invasiveness of Mediterranean islands like *** most significant finding is that this expression of phenotypic plasticity occurred rapidly in this invasive population,within a period of 14 years *** results on the reproduction ecology of the invasive population were not conclusive regarding the factors determining the invasiveness of the snake and pointed to alternative causes.

关键词： lbiza invasion sucess islands reproduction frequency.snakes

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Multifunctional flexible optical waveguide sensor: on the bioinspiration for ultrasensitive sensors development

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第10期5卷 1-11页

作者： Arnaldo Leal-Junior leticia Avellar Vitorino Biazi M.Simone Soares Anselmo Frizera Carlos Marques Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Espírito Santo(UFES)Fernando Ferrari AvenueVitória 29075-910Brazil Mechanical Engineering Department Federal University of Espírito Santo(UFES)Fernando Ferrari AvenueVitória 29075-910Brazil I3N&Physics Department University of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal

This paper presents the development of a bioinspired multifunctional flexible optical sensor(BioMFOS)as an ultrasensitive tool for force(intensity and location)and orientation *** sensor structure is bioinspired in orb webs,which are multifunctional devices for prey capturing and vibration *** multifunctional feature of the structure is achieved by using transparent resins that present both mechanical and optical properties for structural integrity and strain/deflection transmission as well as the optical signal transmission properties with core/cladding configuration of a *** this case,photocurable and polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)resins are used for the core and cladding,*** optical transmission,tensile tests,and dynamic mechanical analysis are performed in the resins and show the possibility of light transmission at the visible wavelength range in conjunction with high flexibility and a dynamic range up to 150 Hz,suitable for wearable *** BioMFOS has small dimensions(around 2 cm)and lightweight(0.8 g),making it suitable for wearable application and clothing *** tests are performed in the structure by means of applying forces at different locations of the *** results show an ultra-high sensitivity and resolution,where forces in theμN range can be detected and the location of the applied force can also be detected with a sub-millimeter spatial ***,the BioMFOS is tested on the orientation detection in 3D plane,where a correlation coefficient higher than 0.9 is obtained when compared with a gold-standard inertial measurement unit(IMU).Furthermore,the device also shows its capabilities on the movement analysis and classification in two protocols:finger position detection(with the BioMFOS positioned on the top of the hand)and trunk orientation assessment(with the sensor integrated on the clothing).In both cases,the sensor is able of classifying the movement,especially wh

关键词： optical sensors optical waveguides bioinspired design multifunctional structures wearable sensors

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A tumor-associated heparan sulfate-related glycosaminoglycan promotes the generation of functional regulatory T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第12期20卷 1499-1512页

作者： leticia Martín-Cruz Marcos Viñuela Ioanna Kalograiaki Alba Angelina Paola Oquist-Phillips Irene Real-Arévalo Francisco Javier Cañada JoséIgnacio Tudela Luis Moltó Jesús Moreno-Sierra JoséLuis Subiza Oscar Palomares Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of ChemistryComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain Inmunotek Alcaláde HenaresMadridSpain Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico San Carlos Martin Lagos s/n28040MadridSpain Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas CSICRamiro de Maetzu 928040MadridSpain CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias(CIBERES)Avda Monforte de Lemos3-528029MadridSpain Servicio de Urología Hospital Clínico San CarlosUniversidad Complutense de MadridMartín Lagos s/n28040MadridSpain

Functional Tregs play a key role in tumor development and progression,representing a major barrier to anticancer *** mechanisms by which Tregs are generated in cancer and the influence of the tumor microenvironment on these processes remain incompletely ***,by using NMR,chemoenzymatic structural assays and a plethora of in vitro and in vivo functional analyses,we demonstrate that the tumoral carbohydrate A10(Ca10),a cell-surface carbohydrate derived from Ehrlich’s tumor(ET)cells,is a heparan sulfate-related proteoglycan that enhances glycolysis and promotes the development of tolerogenic features in human ***10-stimulated human DCs generate highly suppressive Tregs by mechanisms partially dependent on metabolic reprogramming,PD-L1,IL-10,and ***10 also reprograms the differentiation of human monocytes into DCs with tolerogenic *** solid ET-bearing mice,we found positive correlations between Ca10 serum levels,tumor size and splenic Treg *** of isolated Ca10 also increases the proportion of splenic Tregs in tumor-free ***,we provide evidence supporting the presence of a circulating human Ca10 counterpart(Ca10H)and show,for the first time,that serum levels of Ca10H are increased in patients suffering from different cancer types compared to healthy *** note,these levels are higher in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases than in prostate cancer patients without ***,we reveal novel molecular mechanisms by which heparan sulfate-related structures associated with tumor cells promote the generation of functional Tregs in *** discovery of this novel structural-functional relationship may open new avenues of research with important clinical implications in cancer treatment.

关键词： Tumoral carbohydrate A10 Heparan sulfate-related proteoglycan Cancer immunology Dendritic cell Regulatory T cell

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The importance of glutathione and phytochelatins on the selenite and arsenate detoxification in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 150-161页

作者： Fatai Adigun Aborode Andrea Raab Matthias Voigt leticia Malta Costa Eva M.Krupp Joerg Feldmann Trace Element Spedation Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB24 3UE Scotland UK Departamento de Quimica Uniuersidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG CEP： 31270-901 Brazil

We investigated the role of glutathione（GSH） and phytochelatins（PCs） on the detoxification of selenite using Arabidopsis thaliana. The wild-type（WT） of Arabidopsis thaliana and its mutants（glutathione deficient Cad 2–1 and phytochelatins deficient Cad 1–3） were separately exposed to varying concentrations of selenite and arsenate and jointly to both toxicants to determine their sensitivities. The results of the study revealed that, the mutants were about 20-fold more sensitive to arsenate than the WT, an indication that the GSH and PCs affect arsenate detoxification. On the contrary, the WT and both mutants showed a similar level of sensitivity to selenite, an indication that the GSH and PCs do not significantly affect selenite detoxification. However, the WT is about 8 times more sensitive to selenite than to arsenate, and the mutants were more resistant to selenite than arsenate by a factor of 2. This could not be explained by the accumulation of both elements in roots and shoots in exposure experiments. The co-exposure of the WT indicates a synergistic effect with regards to toxicity since selenite did not induce PCs but arsenic and selenium compete in their PC binding as revealed by speciation analysis of the root extracts using HPLC–ICP–MS/ESI–MS. In the absence of PCs an antagonistic effect has been detected which might suggest indirectly that the formation of Se glutathione complex prevent the formation of detrimental selenopeptides. This study, therefore, revealed that PC and GSH have only a subordinate role in the detoxification of selenite.

关键词： Toxicity Phytochelatins Glutathione Selenopeptides ICP–MS ESI–MS Arabidopsis thaliana

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Photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment - an update review

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第3期4卷 131-150页

作者： Ancély Ferreira dos Santos Daria Raquel Queiroz de Almeida leticia Ferreira Terra Mauricio S.Baptista leticia Labriola Department of Biochemistry Chemistry InstituteUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000Brazil

Cancer remains a worldwide health problem, being the disease with the highest impact on global health. Even with all the recent technological improvements, recurrence and metastasis still are the main cause of death. Since photodynamic therapy (PDT) does not compromise other treatment options and presents reduced long-term morbidity when compared with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, it appears as a promising alternative treatment for controlling malignant diseases. In this review, we set out to perform a broad up-date on PDT in cancer research and treatment, discussing how this approach has been applied and what it could add to breast cancer therapy. We covered topics going from the photochemical mechanisms involved, the different cell death mechanisms being triggered by a myriad of photosensitizers up to the more recent-on-going clinical trials.

关键词： Photodynamic therapy breast cancer photosensitizers cell death

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既打广告又能赚钱企业热表推出周边产品

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商业周刊（中文版） 2023年第23期 10-11页

作者： leticia Miranda 许诺(译) 不详

如果一家公司拥有某种很酷的品牌要素,消费者就会乐于购买其周边商品长期以来,假日季对企业来说一向都是件大事。各大购物中心挤满了急着购买礼物的人,他们或是在梅西百货(Macys)等大型百货店挑选香水或毛衣,或是在百思买(BestBuy)挑选... 详细信息

如果一家公司拥有某种很酷的品牌要素,消费者就会乐于购买其周边商品长期以来,假日季对企业来说一向都是件大事。各大购物中心挤满了急着购买礼物的人,他们或是在梅西百货(Macys)等大型百货店挑选香水或毛衣,或是在百思买(BestBuy)挑选新款笔记本电脑或智能手机。住宅门廊上堆满了从亚马逊或沃尔玛网站上订购的带有它们标识的商品。但是眼下,越来越多的零售商不仅希望成为消费者在假日期间购物的场所,还希望它们自己也变成你送给别人的礼物。

关键词：沃尔玛笔记本电脑品牌要素购物中心智能手机零售商周边产品亚马逊

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