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Evidence in Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—What It Means for Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Epidemic in Papua New Guinea

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2022年第2期12卷 87-97页

作者： leslie bahn kawa Department of General Internal Medicine Port Moresby General Hospital Port Moresby Papua New Guinea

Type 2 diabetes is in epidemic proportion in Papua New Guinea. Although many people are at high-risk of developing diabetes, there is no diabetes prevention policy and services in Papua New Guinea to address this problem. A literature search was carried out to assess the available evidence in the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the population with pre-diabetes. The result shows that the primary preventative studies conducted on lifestyle modification and the use of metformin in prediabetes patients reduced overt type 2 diabetes mellitus. The application of the evidence in the prevention of the type 2 diabetes epidemic in Papua New Guinea, driven by a policy is feasible to address the diabetes epidemic.

关键词： Primary Prevention Prevention Trials Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prediabetes

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The Principles of Insulin Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第4期13卷 284-299页

作者： leslie bahn kawa Henry Alexander Internal Medicine Division Port Moresby General Hospital Port Moresby Papua New Guinea Department of Geriatric Eastbourne District General Hospital East Sussex NHS Trust Eastbourne UK

Insulin therapy is an integral part of the pharmacological management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Guidelines recommended insulin therapy for those patients with suboptimal glycaemic control despite optimal medical treatments. Studies show that insulin therapy with the human and regular insulins improve glycaemic control, reduce the chronic complications, and inevitably improve patient’s quality of life. The new analogue insulin has a better safety profile and efficacies, and has been shown to achieve better outcomes and patient’s acceptability compared with the human and regular insulins. The diabetic guidelines also recommend the intensity of insulin therapy in a personalised glycaemic control strategy based on the patient’s profiles and their preferences. However, the guidelines do not recommend any standardised approach to the principles of insulin initiation, titration, and monitoring. This review summarises the essential principles of insulin initiation, titration, and monitoring in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Insulin Type 2 Diabetes Principles of Insulin Therapy

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