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From liver to hormones:The endocrine consequences of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1073-1095页

作者： Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio María del Carmen Durand-Vásquez Luciana del Pilar Rafael-Robles Jhean Gabriel Gonzáles-Yovera María Alejandra Quispe-Flores Luis Alberto Concepción-Urteaga Alejandro Román-González José Paz-Ibarra Marcio José Concepción-Zavaleta Non-communicable Diseases Endocrinology Research LineHospital de Apoyo ChepénChepén 13871Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Víctor Lazarte EchegarayTrujillo 13006Peru Department of Endocrinology Clínica Javier PradoLima 15046Peru Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara IrigoyénLima 15018Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital de Emergencias GrauLima 15001Peru Internal Medicine Hospital Regional Docente de TrujilloTrujillo 13011Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Universitario de San Vicente FundaciónMedellin 050010Colombia Internal Medicine Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín 050010Colombia School of Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati MartinsLima 15072Peru Carrera de Medicina Humana Universidad Científica del SurLima 15067Peru

Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine *** liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis *** its importance,assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently *** article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment of endocrine disturbances in liver *** review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline,EMBASE,and Scielo databases,encompassing 172 *** cirrhosis is associated with endocrine disturbances,including diabetes,hypoglycemia,sarcopenia,thyroid dysfunction,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,bone disease,adrenal insufficiency,growth hormone dysfunction,and secondary *** optimal tools for diagnosing diabetes and detecting hypoglycemia are the oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system,*** can be assessed through imaging and functional tests,while other endocrine disorders are evaluated using hormonal assays and imaging *** options include metformin,glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs,sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,and insulin,which are effective and safe for diabetes *** standards are followed for managing hypoglycemia,and hormone replacement therapy is often necessary for other endocrine *** transplantation can address some of these problems.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia Thyroid diseases Hypogonadism Metabolic bone diseases Liver cirrhosis

Effects of excluding bottom-disturbing mobile fishing gear on abundance and biomass of groundfishes in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary,USA

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 134-143页

作者： Briana K.BROWN Elizabeth SOULE les KAUFMAN Biology Department Boston University

The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary （southern Gulf of Maine, northwest Atlantic） is partially overlapped by the Western Gulf of Maine Closure Area （WGMCA）. This is a region in which mobile, bottom-disturbing fishing gear has been banned by the New England Fishery Management Council to facilitate the rebuilding of depleted gronndfish populations. We assessed the effects and effectiveness of the WGMCA on groundfish assemblages using habitat-stratified （gravel, sand, mixed benthic habitats） sampling by means of a commercial trawler, inside and outside of the WGMCA. Sampling occurred over three mouth-long sampling periods in 2004-2005, two during the spring seasons and one during the fall season. A total of 18 species were analyzed for protection effects. After controlling for substratum, location and sampling season, eight groundfish species exhibited higher mean proportional abundance inside than outside the WGMCA while two were proportionally more abundant on average outside of the closure. Four species had higher mean proportional biomasses on average inside the closure and three outside. We conclude that the WGMCA may be achieving its goal of rebuilding abundance and biomass for some commercially targeted groundfishes but not all. This study, six to seven years post-closure establishment, reveals fine-scale spatial and taxonomic complexity which will require a very different monitoring protocol than the one currently in place if adaptive management is to be successful in the region [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 134-143, 2010].

关键词： Effects of fishing Groundfish Gulf of Maine Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Trawl closure

What determines irrigation efficiency when farmers face extreme weather events? A field survey of the major wheat producing regions in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1888-1899页

作者： SONG Chun-xiao les Oxley MA Heng-yun College of Economics and Management Henan Agricultural University Department of Economics and Finance University of Waikato

Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers’ economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters.

关键词： irrigation efficiency determinants irrigation facilities water-saving techniques extreme weather events

Assessment of densified fuel quality parameters:A case study for wheat straw pellet

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第1期8卷 45-58页

作者： Bidhan Nath Guangnan Chen les Bowtell Raid Ahmed Mahmood School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia School of Engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of ZakhoZakho 44001Iraq

An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of additive mixing with wheat straw(WS)for pellet *** study manufactured seven types of pellets with different additive combina-tions to evaluate pellet quality characteristics and their relationships.A laboratory-type hammer mill and a pellet mill were used for feedstock preparation and pellet *** investigations showed that the lignin content increased from 7.0%to 13.1%,which was a primary need for ***,the heating value rose from 17.02 to 20.36 MJ/***,the ash content also increased from 7.09%to 16.2%.Results showed that dimension(length and diame-ter),durability,and tensile strength increased significantly with additives while the fines content *** fines content had an inverse relationship with durability and *** straw(60%),together with 10%sawdust(SD),10%corn starch(CS),10%bentonite clay(BC),and 10%biochar(BiC),was optimal with good pellet performance(T7).In addition,both the T5 pellets(70%WS,10%SD,10%BiC,and 10%BC)and the T6 pellets(70%WS,10%SD,10%BiC,and 10%CS)provide suitable quality according to EN plus 2015 standard *** ash content of produced pellet was higher than the recommended value,which suggests that further research onto the alternative additive use for ash reduction is needed.

关键词： Biomass Wheat straw Pellet quality Properties relationship Additive/binding material

Mechanical properties of cotton fabric reinforced geopolymer composites at 200-1000℃

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2014年第3期3卷 184-193页

作者： Thamer ALOMAYRI les VICKERS Faiz U.A.SHAIKH It-Meng LOW Department of Imaging&Applied Physics Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia Department of Physics Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 21955Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Engineering Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia

Geopolymer composites containing woven cotton fabric(0-8.3 wt%)were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique,and were exposed to elevated temperatures of 200℃,400℃,600℃,800℃and 1000℃.With an increase in temperature,the geopolymer composites exhibited a reduction in compressive strength,flexural strength and fracture *** heated above 600℃,the composites exhibited a significant reduction in mechanical *** also exhibited brittle behavior due to severe degradation of cotton fibres and the creation of additional porosity in the *** images verified the existence of voids and small channels in the composites due to fibre degradation.

关键词： geopolymer composites microstructures mechanical properties fracture toughness

Diversity amid globalization : world regions, environment, development / les Rowntree ... [et al.]. 2nd ed

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Alarm cue induces an antipredator morphological defense in juvenile Nicaragua cichlids Hypsophrys nicaraguensis

2003年

作者： les Rowntree ... [et al.].

Includes bibliIncludes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: (纸本)0130932914

Includes bibliIncludes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Geography.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 36-42页

作者： Maria E.ABATE Andrew G. ENG les KAUFMAN Department of Biology Boston University Department of Neurosurgery University of Pennsylvania

Olfactory cues that indicate predation risk elicit a number of defensive behaviors in fishes, but whether they are sufficient to also induce morphological defenses has received little attention. Cichlids are characterized by a high level of morphological plasticity during development, and the few species that have been tested do exhibit defensive behaviors when exposed to alarm cues released from the damaged skin of conspecifics. We utilized young juvenile Nicaragua cichlids Hypsophrys nicaraguensis to test if the perception of predation risk from alarm cue （conspecific skin extract） alone induces an increased relative body depth which is a defense against gape-limited predators. After two weeks of exposure, siblings that were exposed to conspecific alarm cue increased their relative body depth nearly double the amount of those exposed to distilled water （control） and zebrafish Danio rerio alarm cue. We repeated our measurements over the last two weeks （12 and 14） of cue exposure when the fish were late-stage juveniles to test if the rate of increase was sustained; there were no differences in final dimensions between the three treatments. Our results show that 1） the Nicaragua cichlid has an innate response to conspecific alarm cue which is not a generalized response to an injured fish, and 2） this innate recognition ultimately results in developing a deeper body at a stage of the life history where predation risk is high [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 36-42, 2010].

关键词： Alarm substance Inducible defense Phenotypic plasticity Cichlid Chemical cue Antipredator

Do farmers care about climate change? Evidence from five major grain producing areas of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第6期18卷 1402-1414页

作者： SONG Chun-xiao LIU Rui-feng les Oxley MA Heng-yun College of Economics and Management Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002P.R.China Department of Economics and Finance University of WaikatoHamilton 3240New Zealand

Using a logistic model,this paper empirically investigated farmers’perception of climate change and its determinants based on a field survey of 1 350 rural households across five major grain producing provinces in *** results show:i)There is an apparent difference in perception levels for long-term temperature and precipitation ***,57.4%of farmers perceived the long-term temperature change correctly,but only 29.7%of farmers perceived the long-term precipitation change correctly;ii)The factors influencing the farmers’perceptions are almost completely different between precipitation and temperature,the former are mostly agriculture related,while latter are mostly non-agriculture related,except for farm size;and iii)Farmers are not expected to pay more attention to long-term precipitation changes over the crop growing seasons,because less than 30%of farmers can correctly perceive long-term precipitation ***,to improve the accuracy of farmers’perceptions of climate change,the government is recommended to:i)enhance education and training programs;ii)speed up land transfer and expand household land farm size;iii)develop farmer cooperative organizations;iv)invest more in agricultural infrastructure,specifically in major grain producing regions;and v)improve the agricultural environment and increase farming income.

关键词： China major grain producing areas determinants climate change perception irrigation areas

Physical investigation on the behaviours of voussoir beams

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第3期12卷 516-527页

作者： Chaoshi Hu Derek Apel les Jozef Sudak Wei Victor Liu Zhaoyuan Chu School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonT6G 1H9Canada Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryT2N 1N4Canada Anhui Yitong Construction Consulting and Management Ltd.YuexiAnqing246000China

It is important to understand the behaviour of voussoir beams in the design of underground *** are a large number of discrepancies between the re sults obtained by differe nt researchers so *** resolve these discrepancies,physically testing the stress distribution at the mid span and abutment of voussoir beam is the *** this paper,a simple two-block voussoir beam was built with loading *** displacement and strain of the voussoir beam were measured by a digital image correlation *** strain distribution along the joints of voussoir beams was firstly ***,the relationship between transverse load and midspan displacement of voussoir beam was *** is found that the stress distributions at the midspan and abutment are different both in shape and *** stress distribution is changing as the loading changes as well.

关键词： Voussoir beam Stress distribution Image correlation