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Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through the gut-liver axis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第18期27卷 2160-2176页

作者： Shun takayama Kazuhiro Katada Tomohisa Takagi Takaya Iida Tomohiro Ueda Katsura Mizushima Yasuki Higashimura Mayuko Morita Tetsuya Okayama Kazuhiro Kamada Kazuhiko Uchiyama osamu Handa Takeshi Ishikawa Zenta Yasukawa Tsutomu Okubo Yoshito Itoh yuji Naito department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto 602-8566Japan department of Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto 602-8566Japan department of Food Science Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichi 921-8836Japan department of Health Care Nutrition Showa Gakuin Junior CollegeIchikawa 272-0823Japan division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKawasaki Medical SchoolKurashiki 701-0192Japan department of Nutrition Taiyo Kagaku Co.LtdYokkaichi 510-0844Japan

bACKGROUNd The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease *** such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLd)by modulating gut *** hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG),a water-soluble dietary fiber,has been reported to alleviate the symptoms of various intestinal diseases and metabolic ***,its effects on NAFLd remain to be fully *** determine whether treatment with PHGG attenuates NAFLd development in mice through the gut-liver *** Seven-week-old male C57bL/6J mice with increased intestinal permeability were fed a control or atherogenic(Ath)diet(a mouse model of NAFLd)for 8 wk,with or without 5%*** intestinal permeability was induced through chronic intermittent administration of low-dose dextran sulfate *** weight,liver weight,macroscopic findings in the liver,blood biochemistry[aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total cholesterol,triglyceride,free fatty acids,and glucose levels],liver histology,myeloperoxidase activity in liver tissue,mRNA expression in the liver and intestine,serum endotoxin levels in the portal vein,intestinal permeability,and microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)profiles in the cecal samples were *** Mice with increased intestinal permeability subjected to the Ath diet showed significantly increased serum AST and ALT levels,liver fat accumulation,liver inflammatory(tumor necrosis factor-αand monocyte chemotactic protein-1)and fibrogenic(collagen 1a1 andαsmooth muscle actin)marker levels,and liver myeloperoxidase activity,which were significantly attenuated by PHGG ***,the Ath diet combined with increased intestinal permeability resulted in elevated portal endotoxin levels and activated toll-like receptor(TLR)4 and TLR9 expression,confirming that intestinal permeability was significantly elevated,as observed by evaluatin

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Partially hydrolyzed guar gum Gut-liver axis Intestinal barrier integrity Microbiota Short-chain fatty acids

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dividend or No dividend in delegated blockchain Governance:A Game Theoretic Analysis

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2021年第3期30卷 288-306页

作者： dapeng Pan J.leon Zhao Shaokun Fan Ziqiong Zhang School of Management Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China School of Management and Economics The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen)Shenzhen518172China College of business Oregon State University488 Austin HallCorvallisOR9733USA

delegated blockchain governance is the frontier of blockchain design issues that is to improve the scalability of blockchain *** proof of stake(dPoS)blockchains such as EOS must select a few super nodes for transaction *** particular,the blockchain community has debated recently on whether dividend should be allowed when electing super nodes,which might be considered as unethical or unfair,leading to an open research topic and a new research gap that has theoretical value for both academia and *** this paper,we build a theoretical framework to study how dividend affects user decisions and welfare in a dPoS *** on game theory,we propose a three-player Hotelling model with two policies to study the behaviors of voters and *** first use a static game analysis to show that the benefits of dividend for voters and for candidates vary with the size of reward and there exists an interval,in which the zero dividend policy would be good for the welfare of both candidates and ***,we use an evolutionary game analysis to examine the process dynamics of super node selection,we find that the campaign strategy of candidates has to do with the size of platform reward given to the candidates by the blockchain *** in the asymmetric case,we find that higher level of platform reward turns to benefit candidates with large number of votes even *** findings are instrumental for designing dividend policies in dPoS blockchains and can stimulate more potential research in blockchain governance.

关键词： delegated proof of stake consensus algorithm blockchain Hotelling model evolutionary game

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Assessment of limiting dietary amino acids in broiler chickens offered reduced crude protein diets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 1-11页

作者： Craig W.Maynard Michael T.Kidd Peter V.Chrystal leon R.McQuade bernie V.McInerney Peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Center of Excellence for Poultry Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701United States Poultry Research Foundation Faculty of ScienceThe University of Sydney425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

As lowering crude protein(CP)in poultry diets continues to minimize amino acid excess,it is important to understand the limiting order of amino acids and the impact of their ***,a pair of experiments were conducted to observe the effects of individual amino acid deletions on growth performance,carcass traits,and nutrient *** experiments involved 3 control diets based on wheat and soybean meal,including a 210.0 g/kg CP industry control(IC),186.7 g/kg CP positive control(PC)supplemented with feed-grade amino acids to match the IC amino acid profile,186.7 g/kg CP negative control(NC)with reducing N corrected apparent metabolizable energy(AMEN)by 0.5 MJ/kg and removing feed-grade amino acids beyond L-Lys-HCl,dL-Met,and L-Thr from *** deletion diets where the following supplemented amino acids were individually removed from the PC:Val,Ile,Leu,Trp,Arg,His,Phe t Tyr,glycine equivalence(Glyequi),Pro,and Energy(0.5 MJ/kg reduction in AMEN of the PC).All diets were formulated to contain similar concentrations of digestible Lys,total sulfur amino acid(TSAA)and *** diets were offered to broiler chickens from 15 to 22 d postehatch in a cage study(Exp.1)to gain digestibility and nutrient utilization data;whereas they were offered from 15 to 35 d post ehatch in a floor-pen study(Exp.2)to gain performance and carcass yield *** removal of supplemented Val,Arg,and Ile resulted in reduction on broiler performance(Pd the removal of Val,Arg,Ile,and Glyequi negatively influenced carcass traits(Pboth experiments indicate that Val and Arg are co-limiting in wheat-soybean meal diets,but that Ile and Glyequi may potentially limit breast and thigh development.

关键词： Amino acid broiler chicken Crude protein Low protein diet

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Graded methionine dietary inclusions influence growth performance and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 160-168页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline Peter V.Chrystal leon R.McQuade bernard V.Mclnerney Yangsu Kim yumin bao Peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia baiada Poultry Ltd Pendle HillNSW2145Australia Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia CJ bio 330Dongho-roJung-guSeoul100-400Republic of Korea Redox Pty Ltd MintoNSW2566Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia

Graded quantities of 1.38,2.76 and 4.14 g/kg L-methionine were included in a control diet formulated to contain 3.07 g/kg digestible *** of the 4 dietary treatments was offered to 6 replicate cages(initially 8 birds per cage)from 1 to 21 d *** parameters assessed included growth performance,nutrient utilisation(apparent metabolisable energy[AME],AME:GE ratios,N retention,Ncorrected apparent metabolisable energy[AMEn]),apparent digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of amino acids in the distal *** also included free amino concentrations in systemic plasma(brachial vein)at 20 d postehatch and in hepatic tissue at 14 and 21 d *** L-methionine inclusions quadratically influenced weight gain(r=0.688;P=0.001)and FCR(r=0.780;Pbe deduced from the quadratic regressions that 3.43 g/kg L-methionine supported maximum weight gain of 1,036 g/kg and 3.50 g/kg L-methionine minimum FCR of 1.193,from 1 to 21 d *** control diet contained specified levels of 3.07 g/kg digestible methionine and 13.0 g/kg digestible ***,an inclusion of 3.465 g/kg L-methionine corresponded to a total of 6.535 g/kg methionine or a methionine-to-lysine ratio of 50.3,which is higher than standard *** implications of this and other outcomes of the present study are reported and discussed.

关键词： Amino acid broiler chicken Methionine

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Laboratory vs. Field Calibration of HydraSCOUT Probes for Soil Water Measurement

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 132-136页

作者： Cinisani M.TFWALA leon.d.van RENSbURG Zaid A.bELLO Pieter C.ZIETSMAN department of Soil Crop & Climate Sciences University of the Free State department of botany National Museum(South Africa) Centre for Environmental Management University of the Free State

dear Editor,Accurate measurement of volumetric soil water content(θ_v)is essential for efficient soil water ***(HS)probes are capacitance-type probes forθ_v measurement with high accuracy,but require calibration for... 详细信息

关键词： Field Calibration of HydraSCOUT Probes for Soil Water Measurement Laboratory vs

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Impact of black cherry on pedunculate oak vitality in mixed forests:balancing benefits and concerns

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 690-699页

作者： Ellen desie bart Muys Jan den Ouden bart Nyssen Rita Sousa-Silva leon van den berg Arnold van den burg Gert-Jan van duinen Koenraad Van Meerbeek Maaike Weijters Karen Vancampenhout division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU Leuven Campus GeelKleinhoefstraat 4B-2240 GeelBelgium division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200EBox 2411B-3001 LeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Plant Institute B-3001 LeuvenBelgium Forest Ecology and Management Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 47Wageningenthe Netherlands bosgroep Zuid-Nederland Huisvenseweg 145591 VD Heezethe Netherlands Young Academy for Sustainability Research University of Freiburg79104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Aquatic Ecology&Environmental biology Radboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ Nijmegenthe Netherlands biosphere/Zoological Museum Netherlands Onderlangs 176731 BK Otterlothe Netherlands Stichting bargerveen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands b-WARE Research Centre/Radboud University Nijmegen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands

The vitality of European forests continues to decline due to new pests and diseases,climate-change related disturbances and high loads of atmospheric nitrogen *** soil health is a major factor underpinning the low vitality of West-European *** tree species with soil ameliorative traits is proposed as an avenue to counteract soil acidification and improve overall forest *** we evaluate the impact of black cherry(Prunus serotina Ehrh.),a known rich litter species,on the vitality of neighboring pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)in ten mixed forests on sand in Germany,belgium and the *** found that black cherry admixture increases foliar N and P to a surplus whereas it causes deficiencies in foliar Mg,thereby resulting in an overall negative effect on oak foliar nutrient ***,defoliation of oak leaves by herbivory decreases with the proximity of black *** structural equation modelling(SEM),we tested the hypothesized‘improved soil health’*** analyses showed that black cherry admixture leads to lower accumulation in the humus layer,resulting in higher soil base saturation which has a positive effect on foliar Ca yet a negative effect on total ***,the SEM illustrated that herbivory of oak leaves decreases when black cherry is admixed,both via dilution and improved soil *** effects of black cherry on oak vitality via“improved soil health”in our SEM are however small in comparison to direct ***,our study showed that the combined positive and negative impacts of black cherry on oak vitality are limited,which tempers the potential benefits of using the rich litter species to counteract oak decline via improved soil health–yet,the concern of black cherry as an invasive alien species negatively affecting the vitality of mature pedunculate oak trees may also be exaggerated.

关键词： Rich litter species black cherry Nutrient cycling Insect herbivory dilution effect Humus type Pedunculate oak Plant-soil interaction

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Towards an objective historical tropical cyclone dataset for the Australian region

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2020年第1期9卷 23-36页

作者： Joseph b.Courtney ANdrew d.burton Christopher S.Velden Timothy L.OlANder Elizabeth A.Ritchie Clair Stark leon Majewski bureau of Meteorology Australia CIMSS University of Wisconsin-MadisonUSA University of New South Wales CanberraAustralia

The appropriate design of infrastructure in tropical cyclone(TC)prone regions requires an understanding of the hazard risk profile underpinned by an accurate,homogenous long-term TC *** existing Australian region TC archive,or’best track’(bT),suffers from inhomogeneities and an incomplete long-term record of key TC *** study assesses mostly satellite-based objective techniques for 1981-2016,the period of a geostationary satellite imagery dataset corrected for navigation and calibration *** satellite-based estimates of Australian-region TCs suffer from a general degradation in the 1981-1988 period owing to lower quality and availability of satellite *** quality of the objective techniques for both intensity and structure is compared to the reference bT 2003-2016 *** intensity the Advanced dvorak Technique algorithm corresponds well with the bT 2003-2016,when the algorithm can use passive microwave data(PMW)as an *** the period prior to 2003 when PMW data is unavailable,the intensity algorithm has a low *** corrections were made to the non-PMW objective estimates to produce an extended(1989-2016)homogeneous dataset of maximum wind that has sufficient accuracy to be considered for use where a larger homogeneous sample size is valued over a shorter more accurate period of *** associated record of central pressure using the Courtney-Knaff-Zehr wind pressure relationship was *** size estimates,three techniques were investigated:the deviation Angle Variance and the’Knaff’techniques(IR-based),while the’Lok’technique used model information(ECMWF reanalysis dataset and TC vortex specification from ACCESS-TC).However,results lacked sufficient skill to enable extension of the reliable period of *** availability of scatterometer data makes the bT 2003-2016 dataset the most reliable and *** regarding the best data source for each parameter for different periods of the record a

关键词： Objective tropical cyclone reanalysis satellite intensity AdT

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In situ compression and X-ray computed tomography of flow battery electrodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第5期27卷 1353-1361页

作者： Rhodri Jervis Matt d.R.Kok Tobias P.Neville Quentin Meyer leon.d.brown Francesco Iacoviello Jeff T.Gostick dan J.L.brett Paul R.Shearing Electrochemical Innovation Lab Department of Chemical Engineering University College London department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Porous Media Engineering and Analysis Lab Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo

Redox flow batteries offer a potential solution to an increase in renewable energy generation on the grid by offering long-term, large-scale storage and regulation of power. However, they are currently un- derutilised due to cost and performance issues, many of which are linked to the microstructure of the porous carbon electrodes used. Here, for the first time, we offer a detailed study of the in situ effects of compression on a commercially available carbon felt electrode. Visualisation of electrode structure us- ing X-ray computed tomography shows the non-linear way that these materials compress and various metrics are used to elucidate the changes in porosity, pore size distribution and tortuosity factor under compressions from 0%-90%.

关键词： Redox flow battery X-ray computed tomography Compression Carbon felt RFb

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Anatomic Correlates of Mitral Systolic Anterior Motion in Transposition of the Great Arteries Following Atrial Switch Operation

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Congenital Heart disease 2023年第3期18卷 267-277页

作者： Norman Aiad Mark V.Sherrid Adam J.Small Youssef Elnabawi Jodi Feinberg leon Axel Ralph Mosca T.K.Susheel Kumar Michael Argilla dan G.Halpern Cardiovascular division Leon H.Charney Division of CardiologyNYU Langone HealthSchool of MedicineNew York University GrossmanNew YorkUSA department of Cardiovascular disease Medical SchoolThe University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA The Lillehei Heart Institute MinneapolisMNUSA Radiology department NYU Langone HealthSchool of MedicineNew York University GrossmanNew YorkUSA Cardiothoracic Surgery department NYU Langone HealthSchool of MedicineNew York University GrossmanNew YorkUSA Pediatric Cardiology division NYU Langone HealthSchool of MedicineNew York University GrossmanNew YorkUSA department of Internal Medicine NYU Langone HealthSchool of MedicineNew York University GrossmanNew YorkUSA

Introduction:We sought to investigate whether the development of sub-pulmonic systolic anterior motion(SAM)may be inherent to the anatomy of the the mitral valve(MV)or affected by external factors,such as a dilated right ventricle or chest abnormalities in d-looped transposition of the great arteries post atrial switch operation(d-TGA/AtS).Methods:Analysis was performed of clinical and cardiac imaging studies acquired on 19 adult patients with d-TGA/AtS(age 42±6 years old,56%male)between 2015–*** data included mitral apparatus anatomy,and CT/MRI data included biventricular dimensions,function,and Haller index(HI)for pectus ***:Patients with leaflet SAM(n=6)compared to patients without SAM(n=13)had higher MV protrusion height(2.3±0.5 vs.1.5±0.4 cm,p≤0.01)and longer anterior MV leaflet length(3.1±0.4 cm vs.2.6±0.3 cm p≤0.05),when compared to those ***/MRI showed higher sub-pulmonic left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)in the SAM group(71%±8%vs.54%±7%,respectively).RV size and function,significant chest deformity(HI>3.5),presence of a ventricular lead pacemaker,and septal thickness did not play a role in development of ***:An elongated mitral apparatus is associated with the development of SAM,and the development of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction(LVOTO),in d-TGA/*** hyperkinesia is associated with *** RV dimensions,septal thickness,and degree of chest deformity did not differ significantly between subjects with SAM and those without.

关键词： d-loop transposition of the great arteries mustard operation senning operation systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve echocardiography cardiac MRI

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Late Jurassic Intracontinental Extension and Related Mineralisation in Southwestern Fujian Province of SE China:Insights from deformation and Syn-Tectonic Granites

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第1期32卷 158-173页

作者： Rui Cao Xinghua Ma leon bagas Yongbao Gao demin Liu Zailai Mou Kay Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Techniques Ministry of educationChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Xi'an Center of China Geological Survey Xi'an 710054China Centre for Exploration Targeting the University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Late Mesozoic igneous intrusions and extensional structures in Carboniferous to Permian sequences in the SW Fujian region acted as important controls on the localisation of Fe-polymetallic *** we document the identification of extensional deformation at shallow crustal levels and syn-tectonic granites related to normal *** on spatial distribution and structural features,the extensional deformation can be divided into cover-only and basement-intersecting styles.A series of syn-tectonic plutons were emplaced into the footwall of normal *** samples of the Tangquan Granite have high SiO2(66.4 wt.%-73.9 wt.%)assays and Mg#values(37-59).The samples also have relatively homogenous initial 87Sr/86Sr(0.7083-0.7089)andεNd(-9.2--10.2)*** and isotopic evidences indicate that the Tangquan granite originates from a hybrid source including lower crustal-derived felsic and lithospheric mantle-derived mafic *** U-Pb dating indicates that the granodiorite phase from the pluton crystallised at 161±4 Ma and the monzogranite phase crystallised at 159±1 *** with the granitic rocks in a wider region of SE China,the widespread granitic magmatism and polymetallic mineralisation have been synchronous during the Late Mesozoic,probably resulting from extensional tectonics related to the lithospheric thinning.

关键词： extensional tectonic intracontinental deformation granitic magmatism mineralisation SE China

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