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Cue hierarchy in the foraging behaviour of the brackish cladoceran Daphniopsis australis

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2050-2060页

作者： MCCLOUD Clayton leigh ISMAIL Hasnun Nita SeURONT Laurent Australian Fisheries Management Authority CanberraAustralia School of Biology Universiti Teknologi MARASelangorMalaysia CNRS Univ.LilleUniv.Littoral Coe d'OpaleUMR 8187LOGLaboratoire d'Océnologie et de GésciencesF 62930 WimereuxFrance

Zooplankton communities are an essential component of marine and freshwater food webs. However, there is still a relative lack of information on how these organisms behaviourally respond to a range of abiotic and biotic stressors. Specifically, the behaviour of the cladoceran D aphniopsis australis, a species endemic to South-eastern Australian saline lakes and ponds, is still unknown despite its potential role in the structure and function of inland water ecosystems. The swimming behaviour of males, parthenogenetic females and epiphial females was investigated under various conditions and combinations of food and conspecific cues. In the absence of cues, males displayed the most extensive swimming behaviour, exploring all areas of the container, and swimming in a series of relatively straight trajectories. In contrast, females typically exhibited a hop-and-sink motion characterised by the alternation between short bursts of swimming and sinking phases. Both females spent long periods near the bottom of the container, but epiphial females appeared to be more active than parthenogenetic ones that rarely made an excursion in the water column. In the presence of cues, males and females showed abilities to detect infochemicals from food and conspecifics, but exhibited specific behavioural strategies. Males essentially increased their swimming speed in the presence of food and/or conspecific infochemicals, and this increase was independent on the source of the cues, i.e. food, conspecific or a mixture of food and conspecifics. In contrast, females exhibited cue hierarchies that were related to their sexual status. Parthenogenetic females swam faster in the presence of food and a mixture of food and conspecific infochemicals than in the presence of cue from the opposite sex, which did not significantly differ from control observations conducted in the absence of cues. epiphial females decreased their swimming speed in the presence of cues, with the most significant behavi

关键词： zooplankton chemical cues sex-specific behaviour

False codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta （Lepidoptera, Tortricidae） larvae are chill-susceptible

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 315-328页

作者： leigh Boardman Tim G. Grout John S. Terblanche Department of Conservation ecology and entomology Faculty of Agrisciences Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Citrus Research International Nelspruit South Africa

This study reports on the low temperature tolerance and cold hardiness of larvae of false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta. We found that larvae have mean critical thermal minima （lower limits of activity） of 6.7℃ which was influenced by feeding status. The effects of low temperature exposure and duration of exposure on larval survival were assessed and showed that the temperature at which 50% of the population survives is -11.5 ± 0.3℃ after 2 h exposure. The supercooling point （SCP, i.e., freezing temperature） was investigated using a range of cooling rates and under different conditions （feeding and hydration status） and using inoculative freezing treatments （in contact with water or orange juice）. The SCP decreased significantly from -15.6℃ to -17.4℃ after larvae were fasted for 24 h. Twenty-four hour treatments at either high or low relative humidity （95.9% or 2.4%） also significantly decreased SCP to -17.2℃ and -18.2℃ respectively. Inoculative freezing （by water contact） raised SCP from -15.6℃ to -6.8℃ which could have important implications for post-harvest sterilization. Cooling rates did not affect SCP which suggests that there is limited phenotypic plasticity of SCP during the larval life-stage, at least over the short time-scales investigated here. In conclusion, larvae of T. leucotreta are chill-susceptible and die upon freezing. These results are important in understanding this pest＇s response to temperature variation, understanding pest risk status and improving post-harvest sterilization efficacy

关键词： behavior chill injury cold hardiness disinfestations extracellular freezing,lethal limits life-stage

Canadian children’s and youth’s adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: A decision tree analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第4期9卷 313-321页

作者： Michelle D.Guerrero leigh M.Vanderloo Ryan e.Rhodes Guy Faulkner Sarah A.Moore Mark S.Tremblay Children’s Hospital of eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada ParticipACTION TorontoON M5S 1M2Canada Child Health and evaluative Sciences Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G 0A4Canada Behavioral Medicine Laboratory School of Exercise SciencePhysical and Health EducationUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBC V8W 2Y2Canada School of Kinesiology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z1Canada Department of Therapeutic Recreation Faculty of ChildFamilyand Community StudiesDouglas CollegeCoquitlamBC V3B 7X3Canada School of Health and Human Performance Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to use decision tree modeling to generate profiles of children and youth who were more and less likely to meet the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines during the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)***:Data for this study were from a nationally representative sample of 1472 Canadian parents(Meanage=45.12,SD=7.55)of children(511 years old)or youth(1217 years old).Data were collected in April 2020 via an online *** items assessed demographic,behavioral,social,micro-environmental,and macro-environmental *** decision trees of adherence and non-adherence to all movement recommendations combined and each individual movement recommendation(physical activity(PA),screen time,and sleep)were ***:Results revealed specific combinations of adherence and non-adherence *** associated with adherence to the recommendation(s)included high parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,annual household income ofCAD 100,000,increases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began,being a boy,having parents younger than 43 years old,and small increases in children’s and youth’s sleep duration since the COVID-19 outbreak *** associated with non-adherence to the recommendation(s)included low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,youth aged 1217 years,decreases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began,primary residences located in all provinces except Quebec,low parental perceived capability to support children’s and youth’s sleep and PA,and annual household income ofCAD 99,***:Our results show that specific characteristics interact to contribute to(non)adherence to the movement behavior *** highlight the importance of targeting parents’perceived capability for the promotion of children’s and youth’s movement behaviors during challengin

关键词： Decision tree analysis Parental perceived capability Physical activity Screen time Sleep

exploring the band structure of Wurtzite InAs nanowires using photocurrent spectroscopy

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Nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1586-1591页

作者： Seyyedesadaf Pournia Samuel Linser Giriraj Jnawali Howard e.Jackson leigh M.Smith Amira Ameruddin Philippe Caroff Jennifer Wong-Leung Hark Hoe Tan Chennupati Jagadish Hannah J.Joyce Department of Physics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45221-0011USA Department of electronic Materials engineering Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Department of engineering University of Cambridge9 JJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB30FAUK

Nano Research volume We use polarized photocurrent spectroscopy in a nanowire device to investigate the band structure of hexagonal Wurtzite *** of optical transitions between four valence bands and two conduction bands are observed which are consistent with the symmetries expected from group *** ground state transition energy identified from photocurrent spectra is seen to be consistent with photoluminescence emitted from a cluster of nanowires from the same growth *** the energies of the observed bands we determine the spin orbit and crystal field energies in Wurtzite *** information is vital to the development of crystal phase engineering of this important III-V semiconductor.

关键词： nanowires Wurtzite InAs photocurrent measurement optical selection rules energy band structure

The relationship between intimate partner violence and HIV:A model-based evaluation

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第1期2卷 71-89页

作者： Simon W.Rigby leigh F.Johnson Centre for Infectious Disease epidemiology and Research University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

Background:Many studies have shown that women who have experienced intimate partner violence(IPV)are at a greater risk of HIV,but the factors accounting for this association are unclear,and trials of interventions to reduce IPV have not consistently reduced HIV ***:This study uses an agent-based model,calibrated to South African data sources,to evaluate hypotheses about likely causal pathways linking IPV,HIV,and other confounding *** about associations between IPV and HIV risk behaviours were based on reviews of international ***:There is an association between past IPV experience and HIV incidence even when no causal effects are assumed(IRR 1.28,95%CI 1.23e1.34),because women with a propensity for multiple partners are more likely to have ever been in a relationship with a violent ***,in addition,men with a propensity for concurrent relationships are more likely to perpetrate IPV,the IRR increases to 1.42(95%CI 1.36e1.48),consistent with empirical IRR *** scenarios in which experience of IPV is assumed to cause changes in women's sexual behaviour have little effect on the *** intervention that reduces IPV by 50%could be expected to reduce HIV incidence by at most 1.3%.Interpretation:Much of the observed association between IPV and HIV is likely to be due to confounding behavioural *** interventions to reduce IPV are important,these interventions alone are unlikely to have a substantial impact on HIV incidence.

关键词： epidemiology Gender HIV Modelling Violence

Transitions of care across hospital settings in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第17期25卷 2122-2132页

作者： leigh R Warren Jonathan M Clarke Sonal Arora Mauricio Barahona Naila Arebi Ara Darzi Patient Safety Translational Research Centre Imperial College London Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London Centre for Health Policy Imperial College London Centre for Mathematics of Precision HealthcareImperial College London Department of Biostatistics Harvard University Department of Mathematics Imperial College London Department of Gastroenterology St.Marks Academic Institute

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder characterised by both intestinal and extra-intestinal pathology. Patients may receive both emergency and elective care from several providers, often in different hospital settings. Poorly managed transitions of care between providers can lead to inefficiencies in care and patient safety issues. To ensure that the sharing of patient information between providers is appropriate, timely, accurate and secure, effective data-sharing infrastructure needs to be developed. To optimise inter-hospital data-sharing for IBD patients, we need to better understand patterns of hospital encounters in this *** To determine the type and location of hospital services accessed by IBD patients in *** was a retrospective observational study using Hospital episode Statistics, a large administrative patient data set from the National Health Service in *** patients with a diagnosis of IBD following admission to hospital were followed over a 2-year period to determine the proportion of care accessed at the same hospital providing their outpatient IBD care, defined as their ‘home provider'. Secondary outcome measures included the geographic distribution of patient-sharing, regional and age-related differences in accessing services, and type and frequency of outpatient ***95055 patients accessed hospital services on 1760156 occasions over a 2-year follow-up period. The proportion of these encounters with their identified IBD‘home provider' was 73.3%, 87.8% and 83.1% for accident and emergency,inpatient and outpatient encounters respectively. Patients living in metropolitan centres and younger patients were less likely to attend their ‘home provider' for hospital services. The most commonly attended specialty services were gastroenterology, general surgery and *** Transitions of care between secondary care settings are common for patients with IBD. e

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Transitions of care Continuity of care Fragmentation Multi-morbidity

Convolutional neural network-assisted recognition of nanoscale L1_(2) ordered structures in face-centred cubic alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 60-68页

作者： Yue Li Xuyang Zhou Timoteo Colnaghi Ye Wei Andreas Marek Hongxiang Li Stefan Bauer Markus Rampp leigh T.Stephenson Max-Planck Institut für eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 140237 DüsseldorfGermany Max Planck Computing and Data Facility Gießenbachstraße 285748 GarchingGermany State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing100083 BeijingChina Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Max-Planck-Ring 472076 TübingenGermany

Nanoscale L12-type ordered structures are widely used in face-centered cubic(FCC)alloys to exploit their hardening capacity and thereby improve mechanical *** fine-scale particles are typically fully coherent with matrix with the same atomic configuration disregarding chemical species,which makes them challenging to be *** distribution maps(SDMs)are used to probe local order by interrogating the three-dimensional(3D)distribution of atoms within reconstructed atom probe tomography(APT)***,it is almost impossible to manually analyze the complete point cloud(>10 million)in search for the partial crystallographic information retained within the ***,we proposed an intelligent L1_(2)-ordered structure recognition method based on convolutional neural networks(CNNs).The SDMs of a simulated L1_(2)-ordered structure and the FCC matrix were firstly *** simulated images combined with a small amount of experimental data were used to train a CNN-based L1_(2)-ordered structure recognition ***,the approach was successfully applied to reveal the 3D distribution of L1_(2)–typeδ′–Al3(LiMg)nanoparticles with an average radius of 2.54 nm in a FCC Al-Li-Mg *** minimum radius of detectable nanodomain is even down to 5Å.The proposed CNN-APT method is promising to be extended to recognize other nanoscale ordered structures and even more-challenging short-range ordered phenomena in the near future.

关键词： alloys ordered cubic

Macrophage secretory products induce an inflammatory phenotype in hepatocytes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第15期18卷 1732-1744页

作者： Michelle Melino Victoria L Gadd Gene V Walker Richard Skoien Helen D Barrie Dinesh Jothimani leigh Horsfall Alun Jones Matthew J Sweet Gethin P Thomas Andrew D Clouston Julie R Jonsson elizabeth e Powell Centre for Liver Disease Research School of MedicineThe University of QueenslandPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane 4102QueenslandAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbane 4102QueenslandAustralia Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072QueenslandAustralia Diamantina Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4102QueenslandAustralia

AIM:To investigate the influence of macrophages on hepatocyte phenotype and ***:Macrophages were differentiated from THP-1 monocytes via phorbol myristate acetate stimulation and the effects of monocyte or macrophageconditioned medium on HepG2 mRNA and protein expression *** in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed using liver biopsies from 147 patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)***:Conditioned media from macrophages,but not monocytes,induced a transient morphological change in hepatocytes associated with upregulation of vimentin(7.8±2.5-fold,P=0.045)and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(2.6±0.2-fold,Pegulation of epithelial cadherin(1.7±0.02-fold,P=0.017)mRNA *** analysis revealed significant upregulation of lipocalin-2(17-fold,P ed with inflammation,and substantial downregulation of pathways related to hepatocyte *** patients with chronic HCV,realtime polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in lipocalin-2 mRNA(F0 1.0 ±0.3,F1 2.2±0.2,F2 3.0±9.3,F3/4 4.0±0.8,P= 0.003)and protein expression(F1 1.0±0.5,F2 1.3± 0.4,F3/4 3.6±0.4,P=0.014)with increasing liver *** performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 in macrophageconditioned medium,and a chemical inhibitor of MMP-9 attenuated the change in morphology and mRNA expression of TGF-β1(2.9±0.2 vs 1.04±0.1,Pe-conditioned media treated HepG2 *** patients with chronic HCV infection,hepatic mRNA expression of CD163(F0 1.0±0.2,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 5.3±1.0,P=0.001)and MMP-9(F0 1.0±0.4,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 4.1±0.8,P=0.011)was significantly associated with increasing stage of ***:Secreted macrophage products alter the phenotype and function of hepatocytes,with increased expression of inflammatory mediators,suggesting that hepatocytes actively participat

关键词： Macrophages Hepatic fibrosis Lipocalin-2 Transforming growth factor-β1 Matrix metalloproteinase-9

Diel differences in blue whale(Balaenoptera musculus)dive behavior increase nighttime risk of ship strikes in northern Chilean Patagonia

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第4期16卷 594-611页

作者： Francesco CARUSO leigh HICKMOTT Joseph DWARReN Paolo SeGRe Gustavo CHIANG Paulina BAHAMONDe Sonia eSPAÑOL-JIMÉNeZ Songhai LI Alessandro BOCCONCeLLI Marine Mammals and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Institute of Deep-sea Science and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)SanyaChina Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods HoleMassachusettsUSA Open Ocean Consulting HampshireUK Scottish Oceans Institute University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK Stony Brook University SouthamptonNew YorkUSA Hopkins Marine Station Stanford UniversityPacific GroveCaliforniaUSA Melimoyu ecosystem Research Institute Santiago de ChileChile HUB Ambiental–Centro de estudios Avanzado Universidad de Playa Ancha(UPLA)ValparaísoChile

The northern Chilean Patagonia region is a key feeding ground and a nursing habitat in the southern hemisphere for blue whales(Balaenoptera musculus).From 2014 to 2019,during 6 separate research cruises,the dive behavior of 28 individual blue whales was investigated using bio-logging tags(DTAGs),generating≈190 h of *** dove to significantly greater depths during the day compared to nighttime(day:32.6±18.7 m;night:6.2±2.7 m;Pe night,most time was spent close to the surface(86%±9.4%;Pepths of less than 12 *** 2016 to 2019,active acoustics(scientific echosounders)were used to record prey(euphausiids)density and distribution simultaneously with whale diving *** whales appeared to perform dives relative to the vertical migration of prey during the *** association between diurnal prey migration and shallow nighttime dive behavior suggests that blue whales are at increased risk of ship collisions during periods of darkness since the estimated maximum ship draft of vessels operating in the region is also≈12 *** recent decades,northern Chilean Patagonia has seen a large increase in marine traffic due to a boom in salmon aquaculture and the passenger ship *** strike risks for large whales are likely underestimated in this *** reported in this study may be valuable for policy and mitigation decisions regarding conservation of the endangered blue whale.

关键词： bio-logging tags blue whale diving profile ocean conservation prey distribution