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Determination of riding comfort on cycleways using a smartphone application

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 747-760页

作者： Anna Niska leif sj?gren Peter Andrén Christian Weber Tineke de Jong Aslak Fyhri Department of Infrastructure Maintenance Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) Department of Safety and Behavior Institute of Transport Economics

Well maintained cycleways will encourage more people to cycle, as the condition of cycleways is important for the safety, accessibility and riding comfort of cyclists. Despite that, only a few models used to describe the quality of service for cyclists take the surface condition into account. Objective measuring methods are needed to enable reliable and effective assessment of surface conditions, and measurable performance criteria related to the needs of cyclists should be developed. The purpose of this study has been to test the reliability and validity of using accelerometers in smartphones to assess the riding comfort on cycleways. A smartphone application converting three-dimensional accelerometer measurements into a single indicator for cycleways has been used to assess road surfaces in two field studies, in Sweden and Norway, respectively. Both studies assessed test sections of varying quality. To relate the measurements to subjective riding comfort assessments by cyclists, recruited cyclists collected quantitative data using the app, whilst also rating their perceived riding comfort by completing a survey. Measurements were also related to standard road surface condition indicators, generated from a road surface tester equipped with 19 laser sensors: international roughness index(IRI), mega-and macrotexture. The results show that it is possible to describe the unevenness of a cycleway using the technology present in smartphones. A software application can be used to collect and analyse data from the acceleration sensors in the phone, which can then be used to describe the riding comfort of cyclists. It is mainly the unevenness in the 50-1000 mm sizerange that create the greatest discomfort for cyclists, and intermittent vibrations are perceived as more uncomfortable than more evenly distributed vibrations. Therefore, IRI is not a relevant measurement for describing the riding comfort of cyclists.

关键词： Cyclist Comfort Assessment Road surface measurement Smartphone application

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Eosinophil associated genes in the inflammatory bowel disease 4 region:Correlation to inflammatory bowel disease revealed

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第44期18卷 6409-6419页

作者： Kristin Blom Jenny Rubin Jonas Halfvarson leif Trkvist Anders Rnnblom Per Sangfelt Mikael Lrdal Ulla-Britt Jnsson Urban sjqvist Lena Douhan Hkansson Per Venge Marie Carlson Department of Medical Sciences Clinical ChemistryUppsala University HospitalSE-75185 UppsalaSweden Division of Gastroenterology Department of Intestinal Medicinerebro University HospitalSE-70185 rebroSweden School of Health and Medical Sciences rebro UniversitySE-70185 rebroSweden IBD Clinical research group Karolinska University HospitalSE-17177 StockholmSweden Department for Clinical Science Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska University HospitalSE-17177 StockholmSweden Department of Medical Sciences Gastroenterology Research GroupUppsala UniversitySE-75185 UppsalaSweden Department of Medicine Karolinska InstitutetSE-17177 StockholmSweden

AIM： To study the association between inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and genetic variations in eosinophil protein X （EPX） and eosinophil cationic protein （ECP）. METHODS： DNA was extracted from ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid blood of 587 patients with Crohn＇s disease （CD）, 592 with ulcerative colitis （UC） and 300 healthy subjects. The EPX405 （G 〉 C, rs2013109）, ECP434 （G 〉 C, rs2073342） and ECP562 （G 〉 C, rs2233860） gene polymorphisms were analysed, by the 5＇-nuclease allelic discrimination assay. For de- termination of intracellular content of EPX and ECP in granulocytes, 39 blood samples was collected and extracted with a buffer containing cetyltrimethylam- monium bromide. The intracellular content of EPX was analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent as- say. The intracellular content of ECP was analysed with the UniCAP system as described by the manufacturer. Statistical tests for calculations of results were χ2 test, Fisher＇s exact test, ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls test, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve with Log-rank test for trend, the probability values of P 〈 0.05 were considered statistically ***： The genotype frequency for males with UC and with an age of disease onset of ≥ 45 years （n = 57） was for ECP434 and ECP562, GG = 37%, GC = 60%, CC = 4% and GG = 51%, GC = 49%, CC = 0% respectively. This was significantly different from the healthy subject＇s genotype frequencies of ECP434 （GG = 57%, GC = 38%, CC = 5%; P = 0.010） and ECP562 （GG = 68%, GC = 29%,CC = 3%; P = 0.009）. The genotype frequencies for females, with an age of dis- ease onset of ≥ 45 years with CD （n = 62）, was for the ECP434 and ECP562 genotypes GG = 37%, GC =52%, CC = 11% and GG = 48%, GC = 47% and CC = 5% respectively. This was also statistically different from healthy controls for both ECP434 （P = 0.010） and ECP562 （P = 0.013）. The intracellular protein concen- tration of EPX and ECP was calculated in μg/10^6 eosi- nophils and then correlated to the EPX 405 genotypes

关键词： Eosinophil derived neurotoxin RNase 2 RNase 3 Single nucleotide polymorphism Inflamma-tion bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis

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Professional Domiciliary Oral Care for Elderly in Nursing Homes—A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

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Health 2016年第11期8卷 1112-1119页

作者： Petteri sjögren Caroline Croonquist Girestam Pia Skott Nasita Marsson Renata Nova Mikael Zimmerman Inger Wårdh Oral Care AB Stockholm Sweden Folktandvarden Stockholm AB Stockholm Sweden Academic Centre of Geriatric Dentistry Stockholm Sweden Nova Smile Dental AB Stockholm Sweden Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden

Domiciliary dental care (DDC) makes regular dental visits possible for people with different functional limitations who otherwise would not be able to access a dental clinic. DDC also facilitates cooperation with nursing staff. To our knowledge, the effect of DDC on oral health among elderly people in nursing homes has not been studied. As part of a project to establish recommendations for DDC, the aim of this randomized, controlled, single-blind, pilot trial with three parallel arms was to study the effect of professionally conducted oral care intervention, in domiciliary setting, on gingival bleeding on probing, dental plaque and oral mucosa. For three months, the participants were given either A) monthly professional DDC with oral care intervention, B) monthly individual oral care instructions, or C) oral care as usual. A total of 102 (n = 107) individuals completed the study. After three months, gingival bleeding on probing was significantly reduced among more participants in groups A and B compared with group C (p < 0.0004). Dental plaque scores changed significantly over three months for group B compared with group C (p < 0.04). Mucosal-plaque scores were significantly reduced in group A compared with both group B and C (p < 0.0001). All other intergroup differences were statistically non-significant. Compared with care as usual, professional DDC has the most favourable effect on gingival bleeding, whereas individual oral care instructions result in the highest reduction of dental plaque. Both professional oral care interventions and individual oral-hygiene instructions should be included in a domiciliary oralcare programme.

关键词： Geriatrics Aged Domiciliary Care Oral Health Oral Hygiene

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Enzymatic Method for Rapid Determination of Oxalic Acid in Bleaching Filtrates from the Pulp and Paper Industry

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2005年第5期22卷 64-68页

作者：洪枫 sj(O|¨)DE Anders NILVEBRANT Nils-Olof J(O|¨)NSSON leif J Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 200051 Division for ChemistryKarlstad UniversitySE-65188 KarlstadSweden Division for Chemistry Karlstad University SE-65188 KarlstadSweden STFI-Pack forsk ABSwedish Pulp and Paper Research InstituteSE-11486 StockholmSweden STFI-Pack forsk AB Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute SE-11486 StockholmSweden Division for Chemistry Karlstad University SE-65188 KarlstadSweden

Bleaching with oxygen-containing agents and recirculation of process streams in the pulp and paper industry has increased the accumulation of oxalic acid and danger for precipitation of calcium oxalate encrusts, scaling. Analysis and control of oxalic acid in bleaching filtrates is therefore becoming increasingly important in the pulp and paper industry. Chromatographic methods, such as IC and HPLC, are generally more time-consuming but are valuable as standard methods for determination of oxalic acid. However, the instrumentation needed is expensive and stationary. In this study, an enzymatic method based on oxalate oxidase and peroxidase was developed to determine oxalic acid in authentic bleaching filtrates using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that bleaching filtrates contain some compounds interfering with the enzymatic method. Pretreatment of the samples with activated charcoal was a successful approach for decreasing problems with interference. By using dilution followed by charcoal treatment, the results obtained from five bleaching filtrates with the colorimetric method correlated very well with those obtained using IC. This study offers a selective, fast and mobile analysis method to determine oxalic acid in bleaching fiRrates from the pulp and paper industry, The convenient enzyme-based method improves the possibilities for control of critical oxalic acid concentrations in closed-loop bleaching streams.

关键词： oxalic acid oxalate oxidase colorimetric method bleaching filtrates activated charcoal the pulp and paper industry

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灰口铸铁中石墨分布的优化

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现代铸铁 2011年第1期31卷 83-87页

作者： T sjgren P E Persson A Udroiu P Vomacka 王晓靖 SP瑞典技术研究学院瑞典铸造解决方案公司Ronneby软件中心

控制石墨的形态和分布是优化灰口铸铁性能的关键;石墨的形态取决于凝固过程中经过共晶温度区间时的冷却条件;通过选择合适的化学成分和金属液处理方法可以控制共晶凝固过程,获得分散的、均匀分布的A型石墨,从而得到性能优良的灰铁铸件。

关键词：灰口铸铁石墨分布 A型石墨共晶凝固

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额颞型痴呆患者鞘内炎性反应增强的病理生理意义

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 17-17页

作者： sjgren M. Folkesson S. Blennow K. Tarkowski E. 李锐 Department of Neuropsycniatry Sahlgrenska Univ. Hosp./Mlndal SE431 80Mal Sweden Dr

Objective: Immunological mechanisms may be part of the pathophysiological mechanisms in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but hitherto only vague evidence of such me chanisms has been presented. The aim of this study was to compare the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the pro inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α , and the anti inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF) β in patients with FTD and normal controls. Furthermore, serum levels of TNF α , TGF β , and IL 1β were measured in FTD patients. Methods: The CSF levels of IL 1β , TNFα , and TGF β were measured using ELISA in 19 patients with FTD and 24 sex and age matched healthy controls. Results: The CSF levels of TNF α (FTD 0.6 pg/mL (median: lower, upper quartile 0.3, 0.7); controls: 0.0 pg/mL (0.0, 0.0); p = 0.008) and TGF β (FTD 266 pg/mL (157, 371), controls: 147 pg/mL (119, 156); p = 0.0001)were significantly increased in FTD patients compared with controls. No correlations were found between CSF and serum levels of the cytokines. In the controls, but not in the FTD patients, a positive correlation was found between the CSF levels of TGF β and age (r = 0.42, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between any of the cytokines and degree of brain atrophy or white matter changes. No differences between the groups were found for age, gender, or CSF/serum albumin ratio. Conclusions: The results suggest an increased intrathecal production of both pro and anti inflammatory cytokines in FTD. As no correlations were found with the albumin ratio, and no correlations between CSF and serum levels of the cytokines were found, these changes in the CSF cannot be explained by a systemic overproduction of cytokines.

关键词：病理生理意义炎性反应细胞因子水平血浆白蛋白脑萎缩转化生长因子前炎症细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子抗炎因子四分位数

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灰口铸铁中石墨分布的优化

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铸造设备与工艺 2010年第5期 42-45页

作者： T.sjogren P.E.Persson A.Udroiu P.Vomacka 王晓靖 SP瑞典技术研究学院瑞典铸造解决方案公司 Ronneby软件中心

为了获得优秀的灰口铸铁性能,控制石墨的形态和分布是关键,而石墨的形成取决于凝固过程中经过共晶区间时的冷却条件,适当的金属液处理和有效的成分控制,能获得分散的、均匀分布的A型石墨。

关键词：石墨分布 A型石墨共晶凝固热分析孕育

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