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ResoNet:Robust and Explainable ENSO Forecasts with Hybrid Convolution and Transformer Networks

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1289-1298页

作者： Pumeng LYU Tao TANG Fenghua LING Jing-Jia LUO Niklas BOERS Wanli OUYANG lei bai Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai 200072China Zhejiang Meteorological Observatory Hangzhou 310002China Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Technical University of Munich Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchPotsdam 14473Germany

Recent studies have shown that deep learning(DL)models can skillfully forecast El Niño–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)events more than 1.5 years in advance.However,concerns regarding the reliability of predictions made by DL methods persist,including potential overfitting issues and lack of interpretability.Here,we propose ResoNet,a DL model that combines CNN(convolutional neural network)and transformer architectures.This hybrid architecture enables our model to adequately capture local sea surface temperature anomalies as well as long-range inter-basin interactions across oceans.We show that ResoNet can robustly predict ENSO at lead times of 19 months,thus outperforming existing approaches in terms of the forecast horizon.According to an explainability method applied to ResoNet predictions of El Niño and La Niña from 1-to 18-month leads,we find that it predicts the Niño-3.4 index based on multiple physically reasonable mechanisms,such as the recharge oscillator concept,seasonal footprint mechanism,and Indian Ocean capacitor effect.Moreover,we demonstrate for the first time that the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña development can be captured by ResoNet.Our results could help to alleviate skepticism about applying DL models for ENSO prediction and encourage more attempts to discover and predict climate phenomena using AI methods.

关键词： deep learning ENSO CNN transformer

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Bimetallic Pt–Ru covalently bonded on carbon nanotubes for efficient methanol oxidation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第9期30卷 1816-1823页

作者： Ting Zhang Wanzong Wang Zheng Ma lei bai Yue Yao Dongqing Xu School of Chemistry and Material Engineering Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China School of Life and Health Science Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China

Platinum-based nanocomposites have been considered as one of the most promising catalysts for methanol oxidation reactions(MORs), which yet still suffer from low electrochemical activity and electron-transfer properties. Apart from van-der-Waals heterostructures,herein, we report a novel nanocomposite with the structure of Pt–Ru bimetallic nanoparticles covalently-bonded onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)(Pt–Ru@MWCNT), which have been successfully fabricated via a facile and green synthesis method. It is demonstrated that the Pt–Ru@MWCNT nanocomposite possesses much enhanced electrocatalytic activity with the electrochemical active surface area(ECSA) of 110.4 m^(2)·g^(-1)for Pt towards MOR, which is 2.67 and 4.0 times higher than those of 20wt%commercial Pt@C and Pt-based nanocomposite prepared by other method, due to the improved electron-transfer properties originated from M–O–C covalent bonds. This work provides us a new strategy for the structural design of highly-efficient electrocatalysts in boosting MOR performance.

关键词： bimetallic Pt-Ru nanocomposite high loaded functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes methanol oxidation green hydrothermal synthesis

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C9orf72 poly-GA proteins impair neuromuscular transmission

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Zoological Research 2023年第2期44卷 331-340页

作者： Wen-Yo Tu Wentao Xu Jianmin Zhang Shuyuan Qi lei bai Chengyong Shen Kejing Zhang Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease Department of NeurobiologyFirst Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Translational MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310020China MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine IntegrationZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a devastating motoneuron disease,in which lower motoneurons lose control of skeletal muscles.Degeneration of neuromuscular junctions(NMJs) occurs at the initial stage of ALS.Dipeptide repeat proteins(DPRs) from G4C2repeat-associated non-ATG(RAN) translation are known to cause C9orf72-associated ALS(C9-ALS).However,DPR inclusion burdens are weakly correlated with neurodegenerative areas in C9-ALS patients,indicating that DPRs may exert cell non-autonomous effects,in addition to the known intracellular pathological mechanisms.Here,we report that poly-GA,the most abundant form of DPR in C9-ALS,is released from cells.Local administration of poly-GA proteins in peripheral synaptic regions causes muscle weakness and impaired neuromuscular transmission in vivo.The NMJ structure cannot be maintained,as evidenced by the fragmentation of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor(AChR) clusters and distortion of presynaptic nerve terminals.Mechanistic study demonstrated that extracellular poly-GA sequesters soluble Agrin ligands and inhibits Agrin-MuSK signaling.Our findings provide a novel cell non-autonomous mechanism by which poly-GA impairs NMJs in C9-ALS.Thus,targeting NMJs could be an early therapeutic intervention for C9-ALS.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Neuromuscular junction Poly-Gly-Ala Agrin

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Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Polymer Flooding

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2022年第6期18卷 1815-1826页

作者： lei bai Kai Li Ke Zhou Qingshan Wan Pengchao Sun Gaoming Yu Xiankang Xin Xinjiang Oilfield Company PetroChina(Experimental Testing Research Institute)Karamay834000China Xinjiang Conglomerate Reservoir Laboratory Karamay834000China School of Petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China

The numerical simulation of polymer flooding is a complex task as this process involves complex physical and chemical reactions,and multiple sets of characteristic parameters are required to properly set the simulation.At present,such characteristic parameters are mainly obtained by empirical methods,which typically result in relatively large errors.By analyzing experimentally polymer adsorption,permeability decline,inaccessible pore volume,viscosity-concentration relationship,and rheology,in this study,a conversion equation is provided to convert the experimental data into the parameters needed for the numerical simulation.Some examples are provided to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed approach.

关键词： Polymer flooding oil displacement mechanism flooding experiment numerical simulation characteristic parameter

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Human neuromuscular junction three-dimensional organoid models and the insight in motor disorders

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2021年第11期13卷 767-773页

作者： Kejing Zhang lei bai Wentao Xu Chengyong Shen Department of Neurobiology The First Affiliated HospitalInstitute of Translational MedicineSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310020China

The neuromuscular junction(NMJ),a peripheral synaptic connection between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers,controls movement.Dysregulation of NMJs has been implicated in various motor disorders.Because of their large size and easy accessibility,NMJs have been extensively investigated in the neuroscience field and have greatly contributed to our understanding of the fundamental principles of synapses in the central nervous system.Researchers have tried multiple ways to develop models to recreate NMJs.Rapid progress in the research and development of tissue-like organoids has made it possible to produce human NMJ three-dimensional(3D)models in vitro,providing an additional powerful strategy to study NMJs.Here,we introduce the most recent advances of human embryonic stem cell-or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids to model 3D NMJs.

关键词： neuromuscular junction organoid motor disorder

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基于改进麻雀搜索算法优化LSTM的滚动轴承故障诊断

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工程科学与技术 2024年第2期56卷 289-298页

作者：周玉房倩裴泽宣白磊华北水利水电大学电气工程学院河南郑州450045

为了对滚动轴承的工作状态及故障类别进行准确的诊断,本文采用长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络作为分类器对滚动轴承数据集进行分类诊断。首先,从滚动轴承原始运行振动信号中提取时域和频域特征参数,组成具有高维特征参数的数据集;使用核主成... 详细信息

为了对滚动轴承的工作状态及故障类别进行准确的诊断,本文采用长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络作为分类器对滚动轴承数据集进行分类诊断。首先,从滚动轴承原始运行振动信号中提取时域和频域特征参数,组成具有高维特征参数的数据集;使用核主成分分析(KPCA)方法对高维特征集进行降维处理,选取重要性程度高的特征构成输入特征向量。然后,针对LSTM神经网络在滚动轴承故障诊断中存在的超参数难以确定的问题,提出一种基于自适应t分布策略的麻雀搜索算法优化LSTM神经网络的故障诊断方法(tSSA–LSTM)。最后,使用凯斯西储大学滚动轴承数据中心的数据进行故障诊断精度测试、泛化性能测试及噪声环境下故障诊断性能测试等多个仿真实验,并将本文提出的诊断模型与麻雀搜索算法优化长短时记忆神经网络(SSA–LSTM)、遗传算法优化长短时记忆神经网络(GA–LSTM)、粒子群算法优化长短时记忆神经网络(PSO–LSTM)及传统LSTM诊断模型进行对比。结果表明:tSSA可以更有效地对LSTM的隐含层神经元数量、周期次数、学习率等超参数进行合理优化;所提方法的平均诊断准确率达到98.86%,交叉验证平均诊断结果为98.57%;所提方法在噪声干扰下的故障诊断准确率也优于对比方法。因此,本文提出的tSSA–LSTM模型不仅可以更精准地诊断滚动轴承故障状态,而且具有更强的泛化能力及抗干扰能力,有效地提高了滚动轴承故障诊断的性能。

关键词：麻雀搜索算法故障诊断长短时记忆神经网络特征提取滚动轴承

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资源依赖下社会组织参与社区微治理的自主性何以生成?——以上海市Y组织为例

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上海大学学报（社会科学版） 2024年第1期41卷 135-149页

作者：汪庆华白蕾上海大学社会学院上海200444

我国社会组织对其他主体尤其是政府主体存在资源依赖,这对其自主性有所限制。已有研究对社会组织自主性的理解和操作化集中于社会组织的财务、人事、组织发展规划等方面,但对其业务活动过程中的自主性讨论较少且与其他方面自主性的区分... 详细信息

我国社会组织对其他主体尤其是政府主体存在资源依赖,这对其自主性有所限制。已有研究对社会组织自主性的理解和操作化集中于社会组织的财务、人事、组织发展规划等方面,但对其业务活动过程中的自主性讨论较少且与其他方面自主性的区分不够。聚焦Y组织在参与社区微治理过程中的自主性进行研究,发现在面向不同主体时,社会组织谋求自主性的主导逻辑有所不同:因对街道的资源依赖程度较深,Y组织采取“有底线地遵从”策略以管理对街道的资源依赖,并以专业逻辑为主导获得自主性;面对社区相关利益主体时,Y组织采取“操纵式地满足”策略,并以合法性逻辑为主导,拓展其在社区中的自主性。

关键词：资源依赖社会组织社区微治理自主性

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Flexibility analysis and design of heat exchanger network for syngas-to-methanol process

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2021年第6期8卷 1468-1478页

作者： Jinchang Liu Pingping Zhang Qiang Xie Dingcheng Liang lei bai School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)D11 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100083China Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering West Virginia University395 Evansdale DrivePO Box 6102MorgantownWV 26506-6102USA

The heat exchanger network(HEN)in a syngas-to-methanol process was designed and optimized based on pinch technology under stable operating conditions to balance the energy consumption and economic gain.In actual industrial processes,fluctuations in production inevitably affect the stable operation of HENs.A flexibility analysis of the HEN was carried out to minimize such disturbances using the downstream paths method.The results show that two-third of the downstream paths cannot meet flexibility requirements,indicating that the HEN does not have enough flexibility to accommodate the disturbances in actual production.A flexible HEN was then designed with the method of dividing and subsequent merging of streams,which led to 13.89%and 20.82%reductions in energy consumption and total cost,respectively.Owing to the sufficient area margin and additional alternative heat exchangers,the flexible HEN was able to resist interference and maintain production stability and safety,with the total cost increasing by just 4.08%.

关键词： Heat exchanger network Syngas-to-methanol Pinch technology Flexibility analysis Design Optimization

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基于改进蝙蝠算法的无线传感器网络动态任务调度

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传感技术学报 2024年第4期37卷 704-708页

作者：翟羽婷王欣白蕾张家口学院数学与信息科学学院河北张家口075000 北华大学工程训练中心吉林吉林132021

无线传感器网络是一种处理感知信息的无线网络,在处理过程中因节点分配不均,导致网络资源利用率较低、任务调度中节点能量消耗较高。为此,提出了基于改进蝙蝠算法的无线传感器网络动态任务调度方法。通过增加权值系数改进蝙蝠算法,降低... 详细信息

无线传感器网络是一种处理感知信息的无线网络,在处理过程中因节点分配不均,导致网络资源利用率较低、任务调度中节点能量消耗较高。为此,提出了基于改进蝙蝠算法的无线传感器网络动态任务调度方法。通过增加权值系数改进蝙蝠算法,降低无线传感器网络节点密度,定义二进制变量,确定任务分配节点。采用可分负载理论,计算两种分群结构网络环境下任务运行时间与传输时间,得到群内和群间阶段无线传感器网络节点动态任务调度方案。仿真结果表明:所提算法在迭代次数为200次时即可获取目标函数值,当虚拟机数量为1200时,所需无线传感器网络节点数量为38个,网络资源利用率始终高于68%,说明所提方法能够有效降低调度过程中节点的能量消耗,提高网络资源利用率。

关键词：无线传感器网络动态任务调度改进蝙蝠算法二进制变量可分负载理论权值系数

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Modulation of innate immune response to viruses including SARS-CoV-2 by progesterone

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第5期7卷 1783-1796页

作者： Shan Su Duo Hua Jin-Peng Li Xia-Nan Zhang lei bai Li-Bo Cao Yi Guo Ming Zhang Jia-Zhen Dong Xiao-Wei Liang Ke Lan Ming-Ming Hu Hong-Bing Shu Department of Infectious Diseases Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismMedical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China State Key Laboratory of Virology College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China

Whether and how innate antiviral response is regulated by humoral metabolism remains enigmatic.We show that viral infection induces progesterone via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in mice.Progesterone induces downstream antiviral genes and promotes innate antiviral response in cells and mice,whereas knockout of the progesterone receptor PGR has opposite effects.Mechanistically,stimulation of PGR by progesterone activates the tyrosine kinase SRC,which phosphorylates the transcriptional factor IRF3 at Y107.

关键词： progesterone metabolism stimulation

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