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The arms race between Magnaporthe oryzae and rice: Diversity and interaction of Avr and R genes

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journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第12期16卷 2746-2760页

作者： WANG Bao-hua Daniel j.Ebbole WANG Zong-hua College of Plant Protection/Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station Ocean Institute Minjiang University

Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, threatens global food security. The rice blast pathosystem is a longstanding model system for understanding plant-microbe interactions. In order to elucidate the coevolution of the host and pathogen, and provide the appropriate methods for preventing or controlling rice blast disease, researchers have focused on the evolution of virulence factors and resistance genes. Thus far, more than 30 rice blast resistance（R） genes and 12 avirulence（Avr） genes have been cloned. This review summarizes the cloned rice blast R genes, cloned Avr genes of M. oryzae and the interaction between them. This discussion also considers some of the major unanswered questions concerning this pathosystem and the opportunities for future investigations.

关键词： rice Maganporthe oryzae resistance gene avirulence gene co-evolution genetic diversity

Encoding and Multiplexing of 2D Images with Orbital Angular Momentum Beams and the Use for Multiview Color Displays

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 1144-1154页

作者： j.Chu D.Chu Q.Smithwick Centre for Photonics Devices and Sensors University of Cambridge9 JJ Tomson AvenueCambridge CB30FAUK Disney Research GlendaleCalifornia 91201-5020USA

Te orthogonal nature of diferent orbital angular momentum modes enables information transmission in optical communications with increased bandwidth through mode division *** far the related works have been focused on using orbital angular momentum modes to encode/decode and multiplex point-based on-axis signals for maximum data channel numbers and *** orbital angular momentum modes can be utilized to encode/decode of-axis signals for multiplexing in twodimensional space is of signifcant importance both fundamentally and practically for its enormous potential in increasing the channel information *** this work,a direct use of orbital angular momentum modes to encode/decode and multiplex twodimensional images is realized in a scalable multiview display architecture,which can be utilized for viewing three-dimensional images from diferent *** efect of of-axis encoding/decoding and the resultant crosstalk between multiplexed diferent twodimensional views are *** on which,a color display of good image quality with four independent views is *** resolution of the decoded images is analyzed and the limitation of this approach ***,a spatially multiplexed data communication scheme is also proposed with such a two-dimensional encoding/decoding approach to signifcantly enhance the data transmission capacity in free space for future data communication needs.

关键词： orbital momentum utilized

Understanding super-enhancers

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第3期59卷 277-280页

作者： Hao Cheng Xiaoyang Dou jing-Dong j.Han Key Laboratory of Computational Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Super-enhancers are defined as cluster of enhancers with dense TF binding, which can activate proximal cell-identity gene expression. Here we review the identification, func- tional significance of super-enhancers, and their relation- ships with cancer. With the current intense interests in su- per-enhancers, more super-enhancers will be defined and studied in different cell types and tissues and in different developmental and biological contexts to reveal molecular mechanisms of their functions.

关键词：超促进剂基因表达分子机制生物环境定义细胞激活

The unfolded protein response signaling and retinal Müller cell metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第11期13卷 1861-1870页

作者： Kristen Kelly joshua j.Wang Sarah X.Zhang Department of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience Program Ross Eye InstituteUniversity at BuffaloState University of New York SUNY Eye Institute State University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA

The retina is one of the most energy demanding tissues in the body. Like most neurons in the central nervous system, retinal neurons consume high amounts of adenosine-5′-triphosphate（ATP） to generate visual signal and transmit the information to the brain. Disruptions in retinal metabolism can cause neuronal dysfunction and degeneration resulting in severe visual impairment and even blindness. The homeostasis of retinal metabolism is tightly controlled by multiple signaling pathways, such as the unfolded protein response（UPR）, and the close interactions between retinal neurons and other retinal cell types including vascular cells and Müller glia. The UPR is a highly conserved adaptive cellular response and can be triggered by many physiological stressors and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of the UPR leads to changes in glycolytic rate, ATP production, de novo serine synthesis, and the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which are considered critical components of Müller glia metabolism and provide metabolic support to surrounding neurons. When these pathways are disrupted, neurodegeneration occurs rapidly. In this review, we summarize recent advance in studies of the UPR in Müller glia and highlight the potential role of the UPR in retinal degeneration through regulation of Müller glia metabolism.

关键词： unfolded protein response retina Müller glia metabolism neurodegeneration X-box binding protein 1 glycolysis glucose transporter

Exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction： more than a heart problem

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第3期12卷 294-304页

作者： Bharathi Upadhya Mark j Haykowsky joel Eggebeen Dalane W Kitzman Cardiology and Geriatrics Wake Forest School of Medicine Medical Center Blvd Winston Salem NC USA Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada

Heart failure （HF） with preserved ejection fraction （HFpEF） is the most common form of HF in older adults, and is increasing in preva- lence as the population ages. Furthermore, HFpEF is increasing out of proportion to HF with reduced EF （HFrEF）, and its prognosis is worsening while that of HFrEF is improving. Despite the importance of HFpEF, our understanding of its pathophysiology is incomplete, and optimal treatment remains largely undefined. A cardinal feature of HFpEF is reduced exercise tolerance, which correlates with symptoms as well as reduced quality of life. The traditional concepts of exercise limitations have focused on central dysfimction related to poor cardiac pump function. However, the mechanisms are not exclusive to the heart and lungs, and the understanding of the pathophysiology of this dis- ease has evolved. Substantial attention has focused on defining the central versus peripheral mechanisms underlying the reduced functional capacity and exercise tolerance among patients with HF. In fact, physical training can improve exercise tolerance via peripheral adaptive mechanisms even in the absence of favorable central hemodynamic function. In addition, the drug trials performed to date in HFpEF that have focused on influencing cardiovascular function have not improved exercise capacity. This suggests that peripheral limitations may play a significant role in HF limiting exercise tolerance, a hallmark feature of HFpEF.

关键词： Exercise intolerance Heart failure Perioheral limitations Skeletal muscle

Design,synthesis,characterization,cytotoxic and structure activity relationships of novel Ru(Ⅱ) complexes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第6期26卷 721-726页

作者： Sreekanth Thota Srujana Vallala Rajeshwar Yerra Eliezer j.Barreiro National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases (INCT/IDN) Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)Fundao Oswaldo CruzMinistério da SadeAv.Brasil 4036Prédio da Expanso8° AndarSala 814Manguinhos21040-361 Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Programa de Desenvolvimento de Frmacos Instituto de Ciências BiomédicasUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro S.R. College of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Toxicology

Platinum containing compounds have shown antineoplastic potential, but their clinical applications have been limited by high toxicity. Ruthenium containing complexes have long been known to be well suited for biological applications, and have long been utilized as replacements to popular platinum based-drugs. Here, we report a novel series of ruthenium（ll） arene compounds bearing thiosemicarba- zone and isonicotinylhydrazone ligands with potent anticancer activity their structure activity relationships and apoptosis was studied. The cytotoxic activity of the new ruthenium（ll） arene compounds has been evaluated in several cell lines （Molt 4/C8, LI 210, CEM, HL60 and BEL7402）. Among them, ten complexes were found to be excellent in vitro growth inhibitory activity against various cell lines with IC50 in the sub-micromolar range.

关键词： Cytotoxic Ligand Ruthenium compounds Structure activity relationships

Hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization and conversion of technical lignin-An introductory review

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第1期2卷 59-71页

作者： Malte Otromke Robin j.White jorg Sauer Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology(IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group Division Hydrogen TechnologiesFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEHeidenhofstr.279110 FreiburgGermany GmbH Group Process TechnologyFrankfurt am MainGermany

Lignin represents the most significant potential source of sustainable aromatic ***,the vast majority of technical lignin could be sourced from industrial paper production and in particular the Kraft process,where it is conventionally combusted for chemicals recovery and heat generation(*** plant operation).While in recent years several efforts have concerned the conversion of native lignin(*** found in nature)during biomass processing,there has also been significant focus on the“Base Catalyzed”conversion of technical *** process is of significant interest,since it could be potentially integrated into existing Kraft mill *** following review paper focuses on the development of the hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization(HBCD)of lignin,as a basis to produce valuable chemical *** will be placed on NaOH catalyzed reactions in the aqueous phase,as this approach is considered the most *** is placed on reaction conditions and characterization of monomeric aromatic compounds from the HBCD ***,as largest product fraction,is also considered,however,these are seldom analyzed in detail in the literature and ideas on further use are *** review also addresses findings in literature concerning the assessment of the solid,liquid,and gas product streams arising from *** this paper,process conditions for HBCD reactions can be derived and it is shown that the solid phase has a high potential for further valorization and downstream processing.

关键词： catalyzed polymerization lignin

A plant-based diet and hypertension

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第5期14卷 327-330页

作者： Sarah Alexander Robert j Ostfeld Kathleen Allen Kim A Williams Rush University Medical Center Division of Cardiology Chicago IL USA Montefiore Medical Center Division of Cardiology Bronx NY USA New York University Department of Nutrition & Food Studies NY USA

Hypertension is an insidious, common, and deadly dis-ease, often detected incidentally at a routine doctor＇s visit orworkplace health screening. Worldwide, it is estimated thatone billion people have hypertension and... 详细信息

关键词： Hypertension Vegan Vegetarian Plant-based diet

Path integral solutions for n-dimensional stochastic differential equations underα-stable Lévy excitation

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2023年第2期13卷 98-112页

作者： Wanrong Zan Yong Xu jürgen Kurths School of Mathematics Northwest UniversityXi’an710127China Department of Applied Mathematics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710129China MIIT key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Complex Systems Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710129China Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam14412Germany Department of Physics Humboldt University of BerlinBerlin12489Germany

In this paper,the path integral solutions for a general n-dimensional stochastic differential equa-tions(SDEs)withα-stable Lévy noise are derived and ***,the governing equations for the solutions of n-dimensional SDEs under the excitation ofα-stable Lévy noise are obtained through the characteristic function of stochastic ***,the short-time transition probability density func-tion of the path integral solution is derived based on the Chapman-Kolmogorov-Smoluchowski(CKS)equation and the characteristic function,and its correctness is demonstrated by proving that it satis-fies the governing equation of the solution of the SDE,which is also called the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov ***,illustrative examples are numerically considered for highlighting the feasibility of the proposed path integral method,and the pertinent Monte Carlo solution is also calculated to show its correctness and effectiveness.

关键词： Path integral method α-stable Lévy noise Monte carlo method Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation