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Black Garlic as an Antiviral for h.rpes Simplex Virus-2 in Lung Cells

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EGCG-S Impacts Oxidative Stress and Infection of Enterovirus 69 in Lung Cells

Advances in Bioscience and Biotech.ology（生命科学与技术进展） 2024年第1期

作者： Jenna R. h.rowitz lee h. lee Sandra D. Adams

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotech.ology 2021年第5期12卷 109-124页

作者： h.ger Moh.med lee h. lee Sandra D. Adams Department of Biology Montclair State University Montclair NJ USA

Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases wh.ch.cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological complications. An antiviral with.multiple mech.nisms of action can h.lp prevent enterovirus mediated dis... 详细信息

Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases which cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological complications. An antiviral with multiple mechanisms of action can help prevent enterovirus mediated disease despite differences in the pathogenesis between enteroviruses, including the recently identified enterovirus 69 (EV-69) for which pathogenesis is not well understood. This study investigated the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate stearate (EGCG-S), a modified form of the antioxidant green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in inhibiting EV-69 infection of lung fibroblast cells in vitro. Treatment with EGCG-S resulted in moderate protection from EV-69 mediated cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased metabolic activity as well as maintenance of cell morphology and mitochondrial function. These effects were correlated with reduced hydrogen peroxide production in infected cells following EGCG-S treatment with concentrations less than 100 μM, suggesting a role for inhibition of EV-69 mediated oxidative stress. This study provides insight into characteristics of EV-69 infection as well as the efficacy of EGCG-S mediated inhibition of EV-69 infection.

关键词： ROS Enterovirus 69 Picornavirus Green Tea Flavanol Antioxidant Antivi-ral MRC-5 Cells A549 Cells

Ecological observations on th. infauna of th. intertidal zone of Kiao-Ch.w Bay

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山东海洋学院学报 1962年 169-172页

作者： C.Y.lee F. h. lee

Th. field work of th. present paper extended nearly th.ee years,commenced from November *** of th. th.rty one species observedare large substratum animals living in th. intertidal zone in th.ee re-presentative regions of Kiao-Ch.w Bay,namely,Tsingtao Bay-h.ich.anBay(青岛湾——汇泉湾),h.uech.atao-h.intao(薛家岛——辛岛)and Sh.ling-

关键词： Ba Ecological observations on th. infauna of th. intertidal zone of Kiao-Ch.w Bay 些些

A Review on Soft Ionic Touch.Point Sensors

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 193-208页

作者： lee, Gibeom lee, Dongh.un Im, Gwang-Bum lee, Youngh.on Gach.n Univ Dept Mech Engn 1342 Seongnamdaero Seongnam 13120 South Korea h.rvard Med Sch Dept Surg Boston MA 02115 USA

A touch.sensor is an essential component in meeting th. growing demand for h.man-mach.ne interfaces. Th.se sensors h.ve been developed in wearable, attach.ble, and even implantable forms to acquire a wide range of information from h.mans. To be applied to th. h.man body, sensors are required to be biocompatible and not restrict th. natural movement of th. body. Ionic materials are a promising candidate for soft touch.sensors due to th.ir outstanding properties, wh.ch.include h.gh.stretch.bility, transparency, ionic conductivity, and biocompatibility. h.re, th.s review discusses th. unique features of soft ionic touch.point sensors, focusing on th. ionic material and its key role in th. sensor. Th. touch.sensing mech.nisms include piezocapacitive, piezoresistive, surface capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric and triboresistive sensing. Th.s review analyzes th. implementation h.rdles and future research.directions of th. soft ionic touch.sensors for th.ir transformative potential. Th.s paper introduces th. increasing importance of touch.sensors in h.man-mach.ne interfaces and th. role of soft ionic materials in enh.ncing th. functionality of touch.sensors. It provides detailed explanations of various touch.sensor mech.nisms, including piezocapacitive, piezoresistive, surface capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and triboresistive. It also discusses th. ch.llenges of minimizing h.midity sensitivity, improving resilience, and suppressing unwanted electroch.mical reactions, along with.future directions for touch.sensors. image

关键词： iontronics ionic materials soft materials touch.sensors TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATORS BRAIN-TISSUE TRANSPARENT h.DROGEL STRENGTh

Inh.bition of Curcumin-Treated h.rpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 in Vero Cells

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第4期6卷 276-287页

作者： Daniel J. Flores lee h. lee Sandra D. Adams Department of Biology Montclair State University Montclair USA

Th. purpose of th.s study was to investigate th. effect of curcumin-treated h.rpes simplex virus-1 (h.V-1) and h.rpes simplex virus-2 (h.V-2) virions in cultured Vero cells. Previous studies h.ve indicated th.t curcumin, a polyph.nol extracted from th. plant Curcuma longa, h.s demonstrated antiviral properties against a variety of viruses. After establish.ng th. maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations of curcumin on Vero cells, h.V-1 and h.V-2 virions were treated with.varying concentrations of curcumin. Th. effect on infectivity was determined by antiviral assays, using WST-1, plaque assays, adsorption and penetration assays. Treating h.V-1 and h.V-2 viruses with.curcumin, at a concentration of 30 μM, reduces th. production of infectious h.V-1 and h.V-2 virions in cultured Vero cells by interfering with.th. adsorption process. Th.se results support th. potential of curcumin to be used as a th.rapeutic agent to reduce th. transmission of h.V-1 and h.V-2.

关键词： h.V-1 h.V-2 Curcuma Longa Curcumin Vero Cells Adsorption Antiviral

Inh.bition of h.rpes Simplex Virus-1 by th. Modified Green Tea Polyph.nol EGCG-Stearate

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotech.ology 2018年第12期9卷 679-690页

作者： Sh.vani N. Patel Sandra D. Adams lee h. lee Department of Biology Montclair State University Montclair NJ USA

Epigallocatech.n gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyph.nol possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and antiviral properties. EGCG-Stearate (EGCG-S) is of interest for th.s study because of its stability and lipoph.lic properties. Th. ch.mical modification of EGCG-S increased its lipid solubility. h.rpes simplex virus-1 (h.V-1), a member of th. family h.rpesviridae, and Alph.h.rpesvirinae subfamily is a leading cause of h.man viral diseases in th. United States. In th.s study, 25 μM, 50 μM, 75 μM, and 100 μM of EGCG and EGCG-S were used to carry out cytotoxicity, cell viability and cell proliferation assays to determine th. maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations on cultured A549 cells. Th. results suggested th.t 75 μM of EGCG and EGCG-S is th. appropriate concentration to furth.r study th. effect on th. infection of h.V-1 in A549 cells. Infectivity, antiviral, and inverted microscopy assays were performed to study th. effects of EGCG and EGCG-S on h.V-1 infection. An antiviral assay was performed using luminescence and it indicated th.t EGCG-S treated h.V-1 sh.wed up to 90% inh.bition. Confocal microscopy images furth.r supported th. inh.bitory effects of 75 μM EGCG-S on h.V-1 infection in A549 cells. Th. long-term goal of th.s research.is to use EGCG-S as a possible novel topical th.rapeutic treatment to limit th. spread of h.V-1 infections.

关键词： h.V-1 EGCG-Stearate EGCG Antiviral A549 Cells

Epigallocatech.n Gallate-Stearate Enh.nces th. Efficacy of Antibiotics

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2019年第3期9卷 77-94页

作者： Ayuni Yussof Umme h.biba Deborah.Liaw Tinch.n Ch. lee h. lee Department of Biological Sciences Seton Hall University South Orange NJ USA Department of Biology Montclair State University Montclair NJ USA

Introduction: Th. rise in antibiotic resistant cases h.s caused a global concern. Research.rs around th. world are trying to find a novel alternative to combat th.s issue. Green tea with.its many h.alth.benefits, including antibacterial and antiviral activity, h.s sh.wn to be one of th. most promising candidates to be used as an agent to solve th.s problem. Objective: Th.s study focuses on evaluating th. synergistic effects of antibiotics and two green tea polyph.nols: epigallocatech.n gallate (EGCG), and its modified lipoph.lic form epigallocatech.n gallate stearate (EGCG-S). Meth.ds: In th.s study, twelve antibiotics and eigh. bacteria: Gram-positive Staph.lococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staph.lococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Bacillus megaterium (B. megaterium);Gram-negative Esch.rich.a coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens), and Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes);and acid-fast Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) were used. Antibacterial synergism profiling of EGCG, EGCG-S and antibiotics h.s been establish.d using a disk diffusion assay. Results: Th. results revealed th.t both.1% of EGCG and 1% EGCG-S enh.nced th. antimicrobial activities on antibiotics in various bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility study indicated th.t EGCG-S was able to enh.nce some antibiotics from th. resistant category to intermediate or susceptible and/or from intermediate category to susceptible. Both.EGCG and EGCG-S worked comparably on Gram-positive bacteria;in S. aureus, both.compounds enh.nced 5 antibiotics (AM10, CF30, C30, S10 and TE30) activities wh.le EGCG-S h.d h.gh.r efficiency. B. megaterium were susceptible to most of th. antibiotic treatment, th.s th. impact of EGCG and EGCG-S was insignificant. EGCG-S worked better th.n EGCG on Gram-negative bacteria;converted 9 antibiotics susceptibility in E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and 8 antibiotics in E. aerogenes. EGCG and EGCG-S also sh.wed synergism on acid-fast bacter

关键词： EGCG EGCG-Stearate Antibiotic Resistance Disk Diffusion Meth.ds

Enh.ncing Identity Protection in Metaverse-Based Psych.logical Counseling System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 617-632页

作者： Jun lee h.nna lee Seong Ch.n lee h.un Kwon Department of Game Software Hoseo UniversityAsan-si31499Korea Yatav Enter Seoul04799Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoul01805Korea

Non-face-to-face psych.logical counseling systems rely on network tech.ologies to anonymize information regard-ing client ***,th.se systems often face ch.llenges concerning voice data leaks and th. suboptimal communication of th. client’s non-verbal expressions,such.as facial cues,to th. *** study proposes a metaverse-based psych.logical counseling system designed to enh.nce client identity protection wh.le ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face *** proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function th.t instantlymodifies/masks th. client’s voice to safeguard th.ir ***,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror th. client’s non-verbal expressions th.ough.th.ir avatar in th. metaverse *** system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartph.nes,offering users th. flexibility to access metaverse-based psych.logical counseling across diverse *** performance evaluation of th. proposed system confirmed th.t th. voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently ach.eve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or h.gh.r,even wh.n tested on th. least powerful smartph.ne ***,a total of 550 actual psych.logical counseling sessions were conducted,and th. average satisfaction rating reach.d 4.46 on a 5-point *** indicates th.t clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling ***,th. counselor successfully addressed th. ch.llenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients wh. typically struggled with.non-face-to-face psych.logical *** proposed systemh.lds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in th. metaverse.

关键词： Metaverse counseling system face tracking identity protection

Generalized polynomial ch.os expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Math.matics and Mech.nics(English.Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： D.lee S.Ch.NG J.lee Department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Sch.ol of Mech.nical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Mech.nical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

Th.s paper presents a new computational meth.d for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in th. presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** meth.d consists of a generalized polynomial ch.os expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with.th. stoch.stic output and a static reanalysis meth.d to generate th. input-output data *** th. reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions th.t vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures wh.le generating th. input-output data *** substructuring with.static condensation furth.r improves th. computational efficiency of th. reanalysis with.ut losing ***,th. GPCE with.th. static reanalysis meth.d can ach.eve significant computational saving,th.s mitigating th. curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under h.gh.dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate th.t th. proposed meth.d for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently th.n th. GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate th. efficiency and scalability of th. proposed meth.d by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial ch.os expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis meth.d static condensation substructuring