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WNK1: analysis of protein kinase structure, downstream targets, and potential roles in hypertension

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Cell Research 2005年第1期15卷 6-10页

作者： Byung-Hoon lee,Lisa LENERTZ,Charles j HEISE,Steve STIPPEC,Elizabeth j GOLDSMITH,Melanie H. COBB Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas USA. Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas USA. Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas USA. Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas USA. Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas USA. Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas USA.

The WNK kinases are a recently discovered family of serine-threonine kinases that have been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis. Intronic deletions in the WNK1 gene result in its overexpression and lead to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, a disease with salt-sensitive hypertension and hyperkalemia. This review focuses on the recent evidence elucidating the structure of the kinase domain of WNK1 and functions of these kinases in normal and disease physiology. Their functions have implications for understanding the biochemical mechanism that could lead to the retention or insertion of proteins in the plasma membrane. The WNK kinases may be able to influence ion homeostasis through its effects on synaptotagmin function.

关键词： kinase hypertension synaptotagmin MAP3K MAP4K ERK5 RNAi.

Computational study on influence of RF shielding box on inductance of coil

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 23-28页

作者： S j KIM j.j.lee Y S lee j H KIM S j YOU Applied Physics lab for PLasma Engineering(APPLE) Department of Physics Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea

Despite the fact that a radio frequency (RF) shielding box affects a coil inductance used in matching network,RF engineers have used a coil inductance measured in open space on designing matching networks since it is difficult to precisely measure the coil inductance within the RF shielding *** this work,we investigate the influences of the RF shielding box on the coil inductance via a 3D full electromagnetic wave *** results shows that the coil inductance decreases from-6.0% to-11.9% compared with its ideal inductance depending on coil positions within the RF shielding *** inductive and capacitive coupling between the coil and surfaces of the RF shielding box contribute to the reduction of the coil *** expect that these results would be useful for those who design RF matching networks.

关键词： 3D full EM wave simulation RF matching component RF shield inductive and capacitive coupling

Chinese Secret Societies and Popular Religions Revisited： An Introduction

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Frontiers of History in China 2016年第4期11卷 503-509页

作者： Robert j. Antony joseph Tse-Hei lee Canton's Thirteen Hongs Research Center Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Department of History and Confucius Institute Pace University New York NY 10038 USA

It has been over forty years since jean Chesneaux published his edited volume Popular Movements and Secret Societies in China, and some twenty years since David Ownby and Mary Somers Heidhues published their edited volume Secret Societies Reconsidered On popular religions, both Daniel Overmyer＇s FoItc Buddhist Religion and Susan Naquin＇s Millenarian Rebellion in China were also published almost forty years ago.1 Although there have been a number of important studies published both inside and outside of China on secret societies and popular religions since the 1990s, in recent years there has been a surge in new research, much of it still unpublished, on this important subject in Chinese history.

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Numerical Simulation of Duct Flow with Fog Droplets

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journal of Thermal Science 2010年第6期19卷 533-539页

作者： Abhilash Suryan j. K. lee D. S. Kim H. D. Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering Andong National University FMTRC Daejoo Machinery Co.

Evaporative cooling is a widely used air cooling technique. In this method, evaporation of a liquid in the surrounding air cools the air in contact with it. In the current investigation, numerical simulations are carded out to visualize the evaporation and dynamics of tiny water droplets of different diameters in a long air duct. The effect of initial droplet size on the temperature and relative humidity distribution of the air stream in the duct is investigated. Three different initial conditions of air are considered to verify the influence of ambient conditions. Droplet spray patterns are also analyzed to identify the suitable locations for the spray nozzles within the duct. The resuits obtained are displayed in a series of plots to provide a clear understanding of the evaporative cooling process as well as the droplet dynamics within the ducts.

关键词： Evaporative cooling Fog droplet Two-phase flow Relative humidity

Acoustic Emission Monitoring and Microscopic Investigation of Cracks in ERCuNi Cladding

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第3期19卷 201-205页

作者： S.P.Lu O.Y.Kwon K.j.lee T.B.Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha University253 Yonghyun-dongInchon 402-751KoreaDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringInha University253 Yonghyun-dongInchon 402-751KoreaDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringInha University253 Yonghyun-dongInchon 402-751KoreaDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringInha University253 Yonghyun-dongInchon 402-751Korea

A corrosion resistant CuNi cladding was deposited on SM45C (equivalent to AISI1045) substrate by DC inverse arc welding. During the welding process, a three channel acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system was applied to detect the crack signals generating from both the cladding process and after cladding. Characteristics of the welding crack signal and noise signal had been analyzed systematically. Based on the record time of the signal, the solidification crack and delayed crack were distinguished. By two-dimensional AE source location, the crack position was located, and then investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the AE system could detect the welding crack with high sensitivity and the two-dimensional source location could accurately determine the crack position. Microstructures of the cladding and heat affected zone (HAZ) were examined. Dendrites in the cladding and coarse grains in the HAZ were found.

关键词： Cladding Acoustic emission monitoring Crack CuNi alloy

Microstructural Characteristics of Underwater Shock Consolidated Aluminum Composites

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第4期19卷 341-345页

作者： K.Raghukandan K.Hokamoto j.S.lee A.Chiba B.C.Pai Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapanShock Wave and Condensed Matter Research Center2-39-1 KurokamiKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapanGraduate studentGraduate School of Science and TechnologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapanRegional Research LaboratoryThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) offer extra strength and high temperature capabilities in comparison with unrein-forced metals. Aluminum composites possess higher stiffness, strength, fatigue properties and low weight advantages. Carbon fiber reinforced Al composites (Al-Cf) and silicon carbide particulate reinforced Al composites (AI-SiCp) were shock densified using axisymmetric assemblies for underwater explosions. Unidirectional planar shock waves were applied to obtain uniform consolidation of the composites. The energy generator was a high explosive of 6.9 km/s detonation velocity. Irregular morphological powders of Al were the base material. The reinforcement ratio was 15 Vol. pet for Al-Cf composites and 30 Vol. pet for AI-SiCp composites. The microstructural and the strength characteristics of the shock consolidated Al composites are reported.

关键词： Shock consolidation Aluminum composites Microstructure Strength characteristics

Efficacy and safety of ecabet sodium on functional dyspepsia:A prospective,double-blinded,randomized,multi-center controlled trial

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第17期12卷 2756-2761页

作者： jun Haeng lee jae j Kim Ki-Baik Hahm Dong Ho lee Nayoung Kim Sung Kook Kim jong jae Park Seok Reyol Choi jong Hun lee Soo Teik lee Eun Hyun lee jong Chul Rhee Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine SeoulKorea Department of Gastroenterology Ajou University School of Medicine SuwonKorea Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital SeoungnamGyeonggi-doKorea Department of Internal Medicine Kyungpook National University College of Medicine DaeguKorea Department of Internal Medicine Korea University Guro Hospital SeoulKorea Department of Internal Medicine Dong-A University BusanKorea Department of Internal Medicine Chonbuk National University College of Medicine ChonjuKorea Department of Preventive Medicine Graduate School of Public Health Ajou UniversitySuwonKorea

AIM： To compare ecabet sodium and cimetidine in relieving symptoms of functional dyspepsia. METHODS： We performed a multi-center, prospective, randomized, double-blinded controlled trial to compare the clinical efficacy of ecabet sodium and cimetidine in patients with functional dyspepsia. Two-hundred and seventy-two patients with dyspeptic symptoms fulfilling the Rome-II criteria were enrolled from 7 centers. In the study group （115 patients）, 1.5 g ecabet sodium was given twice a day. In the control group （121 patients）, 400 mg cimetidine was given twice a day. Symptoms and parameters of quality of life were analyzed at baseline, 3, 14, and 28 d after initiating the treatment. RESULTS： Two-hundred and thirty-six patients completed the clinical trial. After 4 wk of treatment, the rates of improvement in patients with dyspeptic symptoms were not different between two groups （77.4% in the ecabet group and 79.3% in the cimetidine group, respectively, P 〉 0.05）. Likewise, the rates of symptomatic improvement were not different at 3 d and 14 d. The parameters of quality of life did not change significantly during the study period in both groups. There was no clinically significant adverse event in both groups.

关键词： Functional dyspepsia Ecabet sodium Cimetidine

Nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase expressions in human liver cirrhosis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第4期12卷 588-594页

作者： Beatrice j Goh Bee Tee Tan Wei Min Hon Kang Hoe lee Hoon Eng Khoo Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University ofSingapore Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Research Biolabs Pte Ltd

AIM： Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver cirrhosis. Intrahepatic pressure can be elevated in several ways. Abnormal architecture affecting the vasculature, an increase in vasoconstrictors and increased circulation from the splanchnic viscera into the portal system may all contribute. It follows that endogenous vasodilators may be able to alleviate the hypertension. We therefore aimed to investigate the levels of endogenous vasodilators, nitric oxide （NO） and carbon monoxide （CO） through the expression of nitric oxide synthase （NOS） and heme oxygenase （HO）. METHOD： Cirrhotic （n = 20） and non-cirrhotic （n = 20） livers were obtained from patients who had undergone surgery. The mRNA and protein expressions of the various isoforms of NOS and HO were examined using competitive PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： There was no significant change in either inducible NOS （iNOS） or neuronal NOS （nNOS） expressions while endothelial NOS （eNOS） was up- regulated in cirrhotic livers. Concomitantly, caveolin-1, an established down-regulator of eNOS, was upregulated. Inducible HO-1 and constitutive HO-2 were found to show increased expression in cirrhotic livers albeit in different Iocalizations. CONCLUSION： The differences of NOS expression might be due to their differing roles in maintaining liver homeostasis and/or involvement in the pathology of cirrhosis. Sheer stress within the hypertensive liver may induce increased expression of eNOS. In turn, caveolin-1 is also increased. Whether this serves as a defense mechanism against further cirrhosis or is a consequence of cirrhosis, is yet unknown. The elevated expression of HO-1 and HO-2 suggest that CO may compensate in its role as a vasodilator albeit weakly. It is possible that CO and NO have parallel or coordinated functions within the liver and may work antagonistically in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Nitric oxide synthase Heine oxygenase Gene expression Competitive PCR

Relationship between oxidative stress and hepatic glutathione levels in ethanol-mediated apoptosis of polarized hepatic cells

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第21期15卷 2609-2616页

作者： Benita L McVicker Pamela L Tuma Kusum K Kharbanda Serene ML lee Dean j Tuma Liver Study Unit Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Biology The Catholic University of America Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center

AIM： To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in ethanol-mediated cell death of polarized hepatic （WlF-B） cells.METHODS： In this work, WIF-B cultures were treated with pyrazole （inducer of cytochrome P4502E1, CYP2E1） and/or L-buthionine sulfoximine （BSO）, a known inhibitor of hepatic glutathione （GSH）, followed by evaluation of ROS production, antioxidant levels, and measures of cell injury （apoptosis and necrosis）.RESULTS： The results revealed that ethanol treatment alone caused a significant two-fold increase in the activation of caspase-3 as well as a similar doubling in ROS. When the activity of the CYP2E1 was increased by pyrazole pretreatment, an additional two-fold elevation in ROS was detected. However, the CYP2EIrelated ROS elevation was not accompanied with a correlative increase in apoptotic cell injury, but rather was found to be associated with an increase in necrotic cell death. Interestingly, when the thiol status of the cells was manipulated using BSO, the ethanol-induced activation of caspase-3 was abrogated. Additionally, ethanol-treated cells displayed enhanced susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis that was blocked by GSH depletion as a result of diminished caspase-8 activity.CONCLUSION： Apoptotic cell death induced as a consequence of ethanol metabolism is not completely dependent upon ROS status but is dependent on sustained GSH levels,

关键词： WIF-B cells Alcohol Fas/CD95 Glutathi-one Caspase