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PKC-SWI6 signaling regulates asexual development,cell wall integrity,stress response,and lifestyle transition in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2455-2471页

作者： Meihua Xie ni Ma Na Bai le Yang Xuewei Yang Ke-Qin Zhang Jinkui Yang State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Uilization of Bio-Resources Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesYumman UniversityKunming 650091China School of Resource Emvironment and ChemistryChuciong Normal UniversityChnuciong 675000China Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention Kunming 650022China

Predatory fungi possess intricate signal transduction systems that regulate their development and support successful infection of the host.Herein,we characterized three components of the cell wall integrity-controlling pathway,namely protein kinase C(Ao PKC),SLT2-MAPK(Ao SLT2),and SWI6(Ao SWI6),in a representative nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora,using gene disruption and multi-omics approaches.The phenotypic traits(such as mycelia development,conidiation,stress response,and trap morphogenesis) and metabolic profiles of ΔAopkc and ΔAoswi6 mutants were similar but differed from those of the ΔAoslt2 mutants.Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the genes differentially expressed in the absence of Aoswi6 were involved in DNA replication,repair,and recombination during trap formation.Moreover,the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that Ao PKC interacted with Ao SWI6,suggesting that in A.oligospora,PKC can directly regulate SWI6,bypassing the SLT2signaling cascade.Conclusively,our findings deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of asexual development and lifestyle switching in nematode-trapping fungi.

关键词： Arthrobotrys oligospora conidiation stress response trap formation differential expression analysis metabolic profile pathogenicity

Numerical studies of the Kelvin-Hemholtz instability in a coronal jet

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第4期18卷 91-104页

作者： Tian-le Zhao lei ni Jun Lin Udo Ziegler Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650216 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Astronomical Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China leibniz-Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam Potsdam D-14482 Germany

Kelvin-Hemholtz（K-H）instability in a coronal EUV jet is studied via 2.5D MHD numerical simulations.The jet results from magnetic reconnection due to the interaction of the newly emerging magnetic field and the pre-existing magnetic field in the corona.Our results show that the Alfv e′n Mach number along the jet is about 5–14 just before the instability occurs,and it is even higher than 14 at some local areas.During the K-H instability process,several vortex-like plasma blobs with high temperature and high density appear along the jet,and magnetic fields have also been rolled up and the magnetic configuration including anti-parallel magnetic fields forms,which leads to magnetic reconnection at many X-points and current sheet fragments inside the vortex-like blob.After magnetic islands appear inside the main current sheet,the total kinetic energy of the reconnection outflows decreases,and cannot support the formation of the vortex-like blob along the jet any longer,then the K-H instability eventually disappears.We also present the results about how the guide field and flux emerging speed affect the K-H instability.We find that a strong guide field inhibits shock formation in the reconnecting upward outflow regions but helps secondary magnetic islands appear earlier in the main current sheet,and then apparently suppresses the K-H instability.As the speed of the emerging magnetic field decreases,the K-H instability appears later,the highest temperature inside the vortex blob gets lower and the vortex structure gets smaller.

关键词： Sun corona jet — Kelvin-Hemholtz instability — guide-field — method numerical simulations

Slow-release praziquantel for dogs:presentation of a new formulation for echinococcosis control

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1244-1254页

作者： Bin Jiang Xiao-Nong Zhou Hao-Bing Zhang Yi Tao le-le Huo ni Liu National institute of parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology Ministry of Health207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases Ministry of Science and Technology207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases 207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025China

Background:Echinococcosis is a serious,zoonotic,parasitic disease with worldwide distribution.According to a epidemiological survey in 2012 in China,there are 20,000 infected patients and more than 50 million people at the risk.As the dog is the main,definitive host,the Government of China encourages monthly praziquantel treatment of every dog.However,this is difficult to achieve in geographically challenging areas,such as the Tibetan plateau,where there are also many dogs without owners.To overcome these problems,we investigated the transmission blocking capacity of a slow-release formulation of praziquantel administered by subcutaneous injection.Methods:The impact of a slow-release preparation of two pharmacokinetically stereoselective praziquantel enantiomers,i.e.,R-(−)-praziquantel(R-PZQ)and S-(+)-praziquantel(S-PZQ)absorbed into a biodegradable polymer was studied in beagle dogs(N=6).The preparation was given by subcutaneous injection using a single dose of 100 mg/kg.Chiral-selective,high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)were applied to measure the praziquantel enantiomers in the plasma of the dogs.The lower limit for estimating plasma concentrations accurately for R-PZQ was 4 ng/ml and for S-PZQ 20 ng/ml.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by a noncompartmental analysis model using Drug Analyze System(DAS)software 2.0.The SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis,and the statistical comparison between enantiomers was assessed using the two-tailed t-test.Results:Two hours after administration,peak concentrations of R-PZQ and S-PZQ:321±26 and 719±263 ng/ml,respectively,were achieved.After 180 days,the average plasma concentration of R-PZQ in the six dogs had decreased to 13 ng/ml.The average concentration value of S-PZQ was higher than that of R-PZQ in the first 90-day period but fell afterwards and could not be accurately estimated when dropping below 20 ng/ml(the lower methodological limit for this enantiomer).Taking all the dogs into ac

关键词： Echinococcus Transmission-blocking Praziquantel Enantiomer In situ slow-release preparation Subcutaneous injection Pharmacokinetic Stereoselective Dog China

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Histone modification landscape and the key significance of H3K27me3 in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 1264-1279页

作者： Le Ni Bowen Lin Yanping Zhang Lingjie Hu Jianghua Lin Fengmei Fu Meiting Shen Can Li lei Chen Jian Yang Dan Shi Yi-Han Chen Department of Cardiology Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai200120China Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai200120China Department of Vascular and Cardiology Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China Jinzhou Medical University Liaoning121000China Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine Shanghai200092China Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200092China Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai200092China

Histone modifications play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.However,a genome-wide map of histone modifications and the underlying epigenetic signatures in myocardial I/R injury have not been established.Here,we integrated transcriptome and epigenome of histone modifications to characterize epigenetic signatures after I/R injury.Disease-specific histone mark alterations were mainly found in H3K27me3-,H3K27ac-,and H3K4me1-marked regions 24 and 48 h after I/R.Genes differentially modified by H3K27ac,H3K4me1 and H3K27me3 were involved in immune response,heart conduction or contraction,cytoskeleton,and angiogenesis.H3K27me3 and its methyltransferase polycomb repressor complex 2(PRC2)were upregulated in myocardial tissues after I/R.Upon selective inhibition of EZH2(the catalytic core of PRC2),the mice manifest improved cardiac function,enhanced angiogenesis,and reduced fibrosis.Further investigations confirmed that EZH2 inhibition regulated H3K27me3 modification of multiple pro-angiogenic genes and ultimately enhanced angiogenic properties in vivo and in vitro.This study delineates a landscape of histone modifications in myocardial I/R injury,and identifies H3K27me3 as a key epigenetic modifier in I/R process.The inhibition of H3K27me3 and its methyltransferase might be a potential strategy for myocardial I/R injury intervention.

关键词： histone modification myocardial ischemia/reperfusion EZH2 H3K27me3 angiogenesis

Fabrication and mechanical behavior of 2D-C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites by a low-temperature and highly-efficient route

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2023年第10期12卷 1961-1972页

作者： Xuegang Zou Dewei ni Bowen Chen Feiyan Cai le Gao Ping He Yusheng Ding Xiangyu Zhang Shaoming Dong State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics&Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Structural Ceramics and Composites Engineering Research Center Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina

C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites are ideal thermal structural materials for service under extreme conditions of hypersonic vehicles.However,how to synthesize TaxHf1-xC powders and efficiently fabricate C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites still faces some challenges.Furthermore,mechanical properties and thermophysical properties of Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C vary with the composition,but not monotonically.In-depth analysis of mechanical behaviors of the C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites is extremely important for their development and applications.In this study,the Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C powders(x=0.2,0.5,0.8)were successfully synthesized via solid solution of TaC and HfC at a relatively low temperature of 1800℃,with a small amount of Si as an additive.Subsequently,the efficient fabrication of 2D-C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C–SiC composites was achieved by slurry impregnation and lamination(SIL)combined with precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP).In addition,the mechanical behavior of the composites was investigated systematically.It is demonstrated that the composites present remarkable non-brittle fractures,including a large number of fiber pull out and interphase debonding.Also,the fracture failure involves a complex process of microcrack generation and propagation,matrix cracking,and layer fracture.Moreover,the interfacial bonding between the fibers and the matrix is enhanced as the Ta∶Hf ratio decreases from 4∶1 to 1∶4.As a result,C_(f)/Ta_(0.2)Hf_(0.8)C–SiC composites exhibit exceptional flexural strength of 437±19 MPa,improved by 46%compared with C_(f)/Ta_(0.8)Hf_(0.2)C–SiC(299±19 MPa).This study provides a new perception of design and fabrication of ultra-high-temperature ceramic(UHTC)matrix composites with high performance.

关键词： mechanical properties microstructure fabrication 2D-C_(f)/Ta_(x)Hf_(1−x)C-SiC composites

Dual-comb spectroscopy resolved three-degreeof-freedom sensing

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Photonics Research 2021年第2期9卷 243-251页

作者： SIYU ZHOU VUNAM le SHILIN XIONG YUETANG YANG KAI ni QIAN ZHOU GUANHAO WU State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Division of Advanced Manufacturing Graduate School at ShenzhenTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Precise and fast determination of position and orientation, which is normally achieved by distance and angle measurements, has broad applications in academia and industry. We propose a dynamic three-degree-of-freedom measurement technique based on dual-comb interferometry and a self-designed grating-corner-cube(GCC) combined sensor. Benefiting from its unique combination of diffraction and reflection characteristics, the absolute distance, pitch, and yaw of the GCC sensor can be determined simultaneously by resolving the phase spectra of the corresponding diffracted beams. We experimentally demonstrate that the method exhibits a ranging precision(Allan deviation) of 13.7 nm and an angular precision of 0.088 arcsec, alongside a 1 ms reaction time. The proposed technique is capable of precise and fast measurement of distances and two-dimensional angles over long stand-off distances. A system with such an overall performance may be potentially applied to space missions,including in tight formation-flying satellites, for spacecraft rendezvous and docking, and for antenna measurement as well as the precise manufacture of components including lithography machines and aircraftmanufacturing devices.

关键词： precise freedom absolute

Ultraviolet humic-like component contributes to riverine dissolved organic matter biodegradation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 165-175页

作者： Maofei ni Siyue Li College of Eco-Environmental Engineering Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyang 550025China Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering School of Environmental Ecology and Biological EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China The karst environmental geological hazard prevention laboratory of Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang 550025China Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment Research Center for EcohydrologyChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China

Biological degradation of dissolved organic matter(DOM)regulates its structure and fate in river ecosystems.Previous views suggested that labile components were dominantly consumed by microbial metabolism.Here we provide new observations that a part of recalcitrant compounds largely contribute to riverine DOM biodegradation.The excitationemission matrix fluorescent spectroscopy combined with peak picking and parallel factor analysis are used to explore component variability during DOM incubation.Humic-like and tryptophan-like DOM are the primary components of riverine DOM,with proportion contributions of 39%–82% and 16%–61% for % of the maximumfluorescence intensity,respectively.After 56 days of aerobic incubation in the dark,large amounts of tyrosine-like DOM generation are observed.Elevated temperature enhances the decomposition of ultraviolet humiclike substance and further stimulates labile DOM bio-mineralization into carbon dioxide.Meanwhile,averaged proportions of amino acid compositions(peak B and T)markedly increase(plete degradation of refractory DOM from high-molecular to low-molecular weight compounds.The findings support the new notion of the continuous DOM biodegradation in a mode as“steps by steps”,contributing to a new understanding of carbon cycling for the UN Sustainable Development Goal.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter(DOM) Sequential biodegradation Recalcitrant compounds Component and fate Fluorescence analysis

Unusual presentation of congenital radioulnar synostosis with osteoporosis,fragility fracture and nonunion:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第8期8卷 1538-1546页

作者： Zhan-Yu Yang Jiang-Dong ni Ze Long le-Tian Kuang Shi-Bin Tao Department of Orthopedics The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410000Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Congenital radioulnar synostosis(CRUS)is a rare deformity of the upper extremity.It is characterized by loss of rotation of the involved forearm and functional limitations in daily activities.No studies on CRUS with osteoporosis have been reported to date,and osteoporosis is usually recognized as an important dimension of genetic disorder in children.We discuss the possible relationship among this disorder,osteoporosis and fracture nonunion,investigate the strict surgical indications and recommended treatments.CASE SUMMARY A 14-year-old male patient with bilateral CRUS with osteoporosis,fragility fracture and nonunion of fractures in ulna and radius presented our institution for further treatment,complaining of limitation in rotation.The bone mineral density of the hip and lumbar spine was 0.687 g/cm2 and 0.705 g/cm2,respectively,and the Z-score for both was-2.1,which revealed osteoporosis and a high risk of fracture.Tow serum bone turnover markers indicated an imbalance of bone metabolism.Reoperation for ulna fracture with autogenous bone grafting and a postoperative physiotherapy program were adopted rather than the separation of pathological synostosis.Radiological examination,observational posture assessment and limb function scale were evaluated before and 1 year after surgery.At 1 year,the fracture nonunion had almost recovered,forearm movement function on the fracture side was restored,and function on the healthy side was significantly improved compared with that before rehabilitation.CONCLUSION Surgical indications for CRUS vary from person to person.Surgery should not be the first choice of treatment,and physiotherapy is not inferior to surgical treatment.

关键词： Congenital radioulnar synostosis Surgical indication Osteoporosis Fragility fracture Nonunion Case report

Effect of body position on the pathogenesis of asymmetric primary open angle glaucoma

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第1期11卷 94-100页

作者： Jing Tang ni Li Ying-Ping Deng le-Mei Qiu Xiao-Ming Chen Department of Ophthalmology West China Hospital of Sichuan University

AIM： To explore the pathogenesis of asymmetric primary open angle glaucoma（POAG） in both eyes by comparing the intraocular pressure（IOP） of patients who sleep in different positions and to investigate the relationship between IOP variations and sleep positions.METHODS： One hundred and thirty-one patients with asymmetric POAG and forty-six healthy volunteers were enrolled. All participants completed a questionnaire that provided information about their sleep laterality. The cup disc ratio（C/D） and visual field defect established binocular asymmetry. The IOP of both eyes was measured using i Care parameters after the patients were asked to change body position. The ＂worse＂ and ＂better＂ eyes were identified according to the diagnosis, whereas the ＂dependent＂ and ＂independent＂ eyes were defined according to the lateral position. RESULTS： No significant difference in sleep laterality was observed between healthy people and patients with POAG（F=3.195, P=0.362）. Among the enrolled patients, the IOP of the dependent eye was always greater than that of the independent eye in the lateral position（P〈0.05）. In the patients with binocular asymmetric POAG, the questionnaire clearly showed that 85.7% of left side preferences were found their left eyes to be the worse eyes and the right eyes of 71.4% patients with a right side preference were the more serious. When the asymmetric C/D ratio was greater than or equal to 0.2, the worse eye of patients with POAG and a preferred sleeping position was the dependent eye（χ~2=16.762, P=0.001）.CONCLUSION： A higher IOP was measured in the dependent eye in the lateral position. The long-term tendency to choose a lateral sleeping position might lead the dependent eye to manifest more severe symptoms than the independent eye. Thus, the lateral sleeping position might be one cause of asymmetric POAG.

关键词： asymmetric primary open angle glaucoma intraocular pressure body position