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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and“novel”brominated flame retardants in floor and elevated surface house dust from Iraq:Implications for human exposure assessment

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第1期2卷 7-13页

作者： layla salih al-omran Stuart Harrad School of Geography Earthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK Division of Food Science College of AgricultureUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq

Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and selected novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs)were measured in indoor dust from the living areas of 18 homes in Basrah,*** is the first report of contamination of the Iraqi environment with these *** evaluate the implications for human exposure,samples were collected from both the floor and from elevated surfaces like tables,shelves and *** normalised for the organic carbon content of the dust sample,concentrations in elevated surface dust of BDE-99,BDE-209,pentabromoethylbenzene(PBEB),bis(2-ethylhexyl)3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate(BEH-TEBP),and decabromodiphenylethane(DBDPE)exceeded significantly(pally that of Penta-BDE,but that use of the Octa-BDE formulation has been higher in Iraq than in some other ***,our estimates of exposure to our target BFRs via dust ingestion for the Iraqi population fall well below the relevant health-based limit values.

关键词： PBDEs NBFRs Floor dust Elevated surface dust Iraq Human exposure

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Concentrations of organophosphate esters in drinking water from the United Kingdom:Implications for human exposure

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Emerging Contaminants 2023年第1期9卷 76-84页

作者： Muideen Remilekun Gbadamosi layla salih al-omran Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Stuart Harrad School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamBirminghamUK Department of Chemical Sciences Tai Solarin University of EducationIjebu-OdeOgun StateNigeria Department of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq

Data on the presence of organophosphate esters(OPEs)in drinking water and its significance as a pathway of exposure are *** this study,we measure for the first time,concentrations of eight OPEs in 50 UK drinking water *** mean concentrations of ∑8OPEs were:6.4 and 11 ng/L in bottled(n=25)and tap water samples(n=25),*** of ∑8OPEs in tap water(mean:11 ng/L)exceed significantly those in bottled water(mean:6.4 ng/L)(p˂0.01).Moreover,UK tap water is more contaminated with chlorinated,aryl-,and alkyl-OPEs than bottled *** predominant OPEs detected were:tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate(TBOEP),tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP),and tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCIPP)with arithmetic mean concentrations in the two water sample types ranging between(3.5e3.8 ng/L),(0.60-3.0 ng/L),and(1.02-2.9 ng/L),*** daily intakes(EDIs)(mean and high-end exposure)via drinking water for different sectors of the UK population were:infants(0.93 and 6.4 ng/kg bw/day)˃toddlers(0.46 and 3.1 ng/kg bw/day)˃children(0.35 and 2.3 ng/kg bw/day)˃adults(0.28 and 2.1 ng/kg bw/day).Based on these data,exposure to ∑8OPEs via drinking water is much lower than via:food,indoor dust ingestion,inhalation,and dermal uptake for adults and ***,our EDIs were lower than relevant reference dose(RfD)***,combining our drinking water ingestion data with exposure via other pathways revealed overall exposure to 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP)and TCIPP to approach health-based limit values for UK toddlers under a high-end exposure scenario.

关键词： Daily intakes Tap water Reference dose and high-end exposure scenario

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Organophosphate esters in indoor and outdoor dust from Iraq:Implications for human exposure

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Emerging Contaminants 2021年第1期7卷 204-212页

作者： layla salih al-omran Muideen Remilekun Gbadamosi William A.Stubbings Daniel S.Drage Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Stuart Harrad Department of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq School of Geography Earthand Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom

Concentrations of 6 organophosphate esters(OPEs)were determined in 60 indoor(ID)and outdoor(OD)dust samples collected from 20 homes from Basrah,*** each home,two ID samples were collected,one from elevated surfaces(ESD)and one from the floor(FD)of the living room;while the OD samples were collected from the front yard of the same *** S6OPEs concentrations in dust samples ranged between 681 and 17900 ng/g with median concentrations of 5950,3590 and 1550 ng/g in ESD,FD and OD samples,*** OPEs were the most abundant compounds,contributing mean percentages of 88%,85%and 78%toΣ_(6)OPEs in ESD,FD and OD,respectively,with tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCIPP)*** of our target OPEs in ESD significantly exceeded those in FD(pall well below the relevant reference dose(RfD)values.

关键词： OPEs Indoor dust Outdoor dust Human exposure

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