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Warm up, cool down, and tearing apart in NK cell memory

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第12期15卷 1095-1097页

作者： lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu Jiu-Yao Wang Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Department of Pediatrics Center for Allergy and Clinical Immunology ResearchCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalTainanTaiwanChina

“Memories warm you up from the *** they also tear you apart.”―Haruki Murakami,Kafka on the *** of the characteristics of the human immune system,in addition to the recognition of nonself pathogens and the tolerance of self-antigens,is its memory response to previously encountered pathogens and the mounting of a stronger,faster secondary response against these same antigens.A long-held paradigm in immunologic study in vertebrates is that immune memory is restricted to the adaptive immune response via memory T and B cells,which possess two distinct features:specificity(recognizing pathogen antigen fragments through surface receptors)and longevity(proliferation and long-term survival after the first encounter).1–3 Unlike adaptive immunity,the innate immune system exhibits a rapid response against pathogens and transforming cells without a previous encounter,and this response depends on a series of default genes and proteins expressed on cell surfaces and in the cytoplasm that recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)of ***,it was surprising to find several models of pathogen infections in invertebrates,including insects,worms,and jawless fish,that lack fully developed adaptive immunity but possess the features of antigen specificity and longevity likely involving phagocytic cells that can“recall”prior infection with limited *** fact,immune memory has recently been described in vertebrate myeloid lineages,4 in which epigenetic changes are proposed to occur in macrophages previously stimulated through pattern recognition receptors.

关键词： specificity immunity likely

Advances in Microscale Laser Shock Peening

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2004年第5期9卷 506-518页

作者： KYSAR Jeffrey W. YAO Y.lawrence Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia University New York 10027 USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering Columbia University New York 10027 USA

The response of materials after microscale laser shock peening (μLSP) was experimentally characterized and compared with the theoretical prediction from the finite element method (FEM) analysis in microlength level. X-ray micro-diffraction technique was applied to the post-peened single crystal aluminum of (001) and (110) orientations, and X-ray profile was analyzed by sub-profiling and Fourier analysis method. Spatially resolved residual stress and strain deviation was quantified and explained in terms of the hetero- geneous dislocation cell structure. In-plane crystal lattice rotation induced by μLSP was measured by elec- tron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and compared with the FEM simulation. Average mosaic size was evaluated from X-ray profile Fourier analysis and compared with the result from EBSD. Surface strength in- crease and dislocation cell structure formation were studied. The systematical characterization will lay the ground work for better understanding the effect of μLSP in microlength level and developing more realistic simulations.

关键词： laser shock peening X-ray micro-diffraction single crystal

Earth observation in service of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 77-96页

作者： Katherine Anderson Barbara Ryan William Sonntag Argyro Kavvada lawrence Friedl Group on Earth Observations GenevaSwitzerland Booz Allen Hamilton WashingtonDCUSA NASA Earth Science Division WashingtonDCUSA

This paper reviews the key role that Earth Observations(EO)play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as articulated in the 2030 Agenda document and in monitoring,measuring,and reporting on progress towards the associated *** paper also highlights how the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)would contribute to ensure the actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda;and how the Global Earth Observations System of Systems meets requirements for efficient investments in science and technology and a good return on investment,which is elaborated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on development *** a number of examples,we first discuss how extensive EO use would:provide a substantial contribution to the achievements of the SDGs by enabling informed decision-making and by allowing monitoring of the expected results;improve national statistics for greater accuracy,by ensuring that the data are“spatially-explicit”and directly contribute to calculate the agreed SDG Targets and Indicators support the fostering of synergy between the SDGs and multilateral environmental agreements by addressing cross-cutting themes such as climate and energy;and facilitate countries’approaches for working across different development sectors,which is,according to the special adviser on the 2030 Agenda,a key challenge to achieve the *** then focus on the role that GEO could play in enabling actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda by directly addressing the Strategic Development Goal 17 on partnerships.

关键词： Earth observation Group on Earth Observations(GEO) Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) the 2030 Agenda

Vascularization in interconnected 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V foams with hydrogel matrix for biomedical bone replacement implants

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Science China Materials 2018年第4期61卷 565-578页

作者： Victor L.Correa Kristine M.Garza lawrence E.Murr Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at El Paso Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso

Vascularization on newly implanted metal orthopedic implants has remained a challenge in the field of tissue engineering. To address this challenge, in this research,an interconnected foam structure of Ti-6 Al-4 V was microfabricated by electron beam melting(EBM) technique. The foam in question has a density of 1.77 g cm-3 with 60% porosity and a tensile strength of 18 GPa. An extracellular matrix based hydrogel was added as an aqueous matrix to the *** mimetic stress has been closely related to many wound healing biomedical applications as it increases survival and proliferation molecular signals. To that end, increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(Hif-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the aqueous hydrogel matrix was achieved by the addition of a hypoxia mimetic deferoxamine mesylate(DFM). In this study, the formation of an endothelial network was achieved in a hydrogel matrix in the presence of the before mentioned 3 D printed metal foam. Cellular viability, fluorescent microscopy and scanning electron microscopy imaging analysis demonstrate that pre-osteoblasts undergo proliferation and also attach efficiently to the foam when exposed to DFM. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs) were grown in an extracellular matrix-like 3 D hydrogel and a hypoxia-like stress was achieved. This research demonstrates that pre-osteoblast cells undergo cell differentiation and increase the production of hydroxyapatite on exposure to the hypoxia mimetic molecule. This proposed approach encompasses an ideal prototype for a completely living implanted structure for future orthopedic implants.

关键词： Ti-6Al-4V electron beam melting angiogenesis deferoxamine mesylate hydrogel vascularization

Disease tolerance to infection: the immune defense strategy of mitoribosome targeting

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1626-1627页

作者： lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu Jiu-Yao Wang Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina Center for Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research(ACIR) College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalTainanTaiwanChina Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Children’s HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina

“In the practice of tolerance,one’s enemy is the best teacher”.-Sayings of *** survive an infection,two evolutionarily conserved defense strategies are required for infected host *** strategy in volves acquiri ng resista nee by reduci ng pathogen load via pathoge n recog nition,signaling tran sducti on pathways,and effector *** strategy involves increasing disease tolerance by eliciting tissue damage control mechanisms,which adjust the metabolic output of host tissue in response to different forms of stress and ***,in recent research,disease tolera nee is regarded as an in here nt comp onent of immunity,which does not exert a direct impact on pathogens but is essential to limit the health and fitness costs of infection;however,its molecular bases remain poorly understood.

关键词： infection damage immunity

Estimating risk factors of urban malaria in Blantyre, Malawi: A spatial regression analysis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第5期6卷 376-381页

作者： lawrence N.Kazembe Don P.Mathanga Statistics Department University of Namibia Malaria Alert Centre College of MedicineUniversity of Malawi Department of Community Health College of MedicineUniversity of Malawi

Objective: To estimate risk factors of urban malaria in Blantyre, Malawi, with the goal of understanding the epidemiology and ecology of the disease, and informing malaria elimination policies for African urban cities that have markedly low prevalence of ***: We used a case-control study design, with cases being children under the age of five years diagnosed with malaria, and matched controls obtained at hospital and communities. The data were obtained from Ndirande health facility catchment area. We then fitted a multivariate spatial logistic model of malaria risk. Covariate and risk factors in the model included child-specific, household and environmental risk factor(nearness to garden, standing water, river and swamps). The spatial component was assumed to follow a Gaussian process and model fitted using Bayesian ***: Our findings showed that children who visited rural areas were 6 times more likely to have malaria than those who did not [odds ratio(OR) = 6.66, 95% confidence interval(CI): 4.79–9.61]. The risk of malaria increased with age of the child(OR = 1.01,95% CI: 1.003–1.020), but reduced with high socio-economic status compared to lower status(OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.25–0.54 for the highest level and OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47–0.94 for the medium level). Although nearness to a garden, river and standing water showed increased risk, these effects were not significant. Furthermore, significant spatial clusters of risk emerged, which does suggest other factors do explain malaria risk variability apart from those established ***: As malaria in urban areas is highly fuelled by rural-urban migration,emphasis should be to optimize information, education and communication prevention strategies, particularly targeting children from lower socio-economic position.

关键词： Urban malaria Travel history Spatial regression Geo-additive models Blantyre Malawi

Delayed peripheral treatment with neurotrophin-3 improves sensorimotor recovery after central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1703-1704页

作者： Sotiris G.Kakanos lawrence D.F.Moon Neurorestoration Group Wolfson Centre for Age-Related DiseasesKing’s College of London

Neurotrophin-3 (NT3) is a growth factor found in many body tissues including the heart, intestines, skin, nervous system and in skeletal muscles including muscle spindles (Murase et al., 1994). NT3 is required for the survival, correct connectivity and function of sensory (“proprioceptive”) afferents that innervate muscle spindles;these neurons express receptors for NT3 including tropomyocin receptor kinase C. These proprioceptive afferents are important for normal movement (Boyce and Mendell, 2014) and signals from muscle spindles are important for recovery of limb movement (e.g., after spinal cord lateral hemisection)(Takeoka et al., 2014). The level of NT3 declines in most tissues during postnatal development;its level is low in adult and elderly humans and other mammals (Murase et al., 1994). Elevation of NT3 has been shown to improve outcome in various animal models of neurological disease and injury. For example, many groups have shown that delivery of NT3 directly into the central nervous system promotes recovery after spinal cord injury but this often involved invasive routes or gene therapy (Boyce and Mendell, 2014;Petrosyan et al., 2015;Wang et al., 2018).

关键词： Neurotrophin-3(NT3) tissues including the heart Boyce and Mendell

MAMMIFRES DE SANSAN, coordinated by Stéphane Peigné and Sevket Sen, 2012. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Publication Scientifi que 203, 709 pages, ISBN ***ères de Sansan, key volume on a historical locality

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古脊椎动物学报 2014年第2期52卷 260-264页

作者： Dr.lawrence J.FLYNN Peabody Museum Harvard University

The Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle,via the able hands of Stéphane Peignéand Sevket Sen,has produced a massive scientific work that compiles advanced studies on the diverse mammalian fossil assemblage of Sansan,Gers,southwestern *** et al.(2012)called Sansan a"lagersttte",and so it is:a remarkable fossil site that assembles much of the biota of its past community in one *** is a site complex with

关键词：书刊内容介绍发行工作动物学

Spatial and temporal dynamics of growth of woody plant species (birch and willows) on the foreland of a retreating glacier in southern Iceland

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 184-194页

作者： Haley E.Synan Mikael A.Melfi lawrence H.Tanner Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Le Moyne CollegeSyracuseNew York 13214USA

Background:The forelands of retreating glaciers are invaluable natural laboratories in which to explore the processes of primary *** studies have been conducted on foreland chronosequences to identify temporal and spatial trends of the successional *** study focused on the spatio-temporal distribution of three woody plant species on the foreland of a retreating glacier in southern Iceland where historical observations provide precise age control of the *** evaluate colonization and successional trends,we examined which species increase in abundance with time and tested the role of proximity to a seed source in ***,we quantified the rate at which biomass carbon is added to the ***:The density of stems of Betula pubescens increases with moraine age across the foreland chronosequence while the density of stems of both Salix lanata and Salix phylicifolia *** found low statistical significance to the relationship between the density of *** and distance from a forested ridge nor did we find a relationship between the lengths of the stems and the moraine *** biomass increased fastest during early successional stages and reached a maximum of 28.5 g C m^(−2) on the oldest ***:Early colonization of moraines was controlled by environmental filters which favored both Salix *** by *** followed as environmental factors,e.g.,favorable soil properties,*** found no conclusive evidence that proximity to a potential source of *** propagules was a significant factor in controlling *** assumption that the abundance of individuals increased with time through later successional stages proved valid for ***,but not for either species of *** findings are consistent with the classical spatial successional model of community ***,general successional processes at the landscape scale control the temp

关键词： Glacial foreland Chronosequence Primary succession Spatial distribution Aboveground biomass Iceland