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Agronom.c Practices and m.cronutrients Status of Different Age Groups of Sm.llholder Oil Palm.(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plantations in Dibom.ari Sub-Division, Cam.roon

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1444-1464页

作者： Jam.s m. Kundu Godswill A. Asongwe lawrence m. ndam David T. Agbor Aaron S. Tening Raym.nd N. Nkongho Departm.nt of Agronom.c and Applied m.lecular Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon Departm.nt of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey Departm.nt of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon

Oil palm.is cultivated by agro-industries and sm.llholders for vegetable oil production. Good farm.m.nagem.nt practices with balanced soil and plant m.cronutrients are needed to attain optim.m.yields. Sm.llholder oil palm.farm.rs of Dibom.ari Sub-Division, Cam.roon, suffer from.low on farm.yields which could em.nate from.the agronom.c practices im.lem.nted, which also has an influence on the soil and plant m.cronutrient status. This study provides inform.tion on the agronom.c practices, soil and plant m.cronutrients status in sm.llholder oil palm.fields. Structured questionnaires were adm.nistered to 200 farm.rs to collect data on their agronom.c practices, using a stratified random.sam.ling design. Soil and plants were sam.led from.plantations of different age groups (control, >0 - 4 years, >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations) in four locations of the Sub-Division (i.e. Dibom.ari-central, Bonam.teke, Bom.no and Nkapa) using a random.zed com.lete block design. Data collected, was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 65% of farm.rs planted Tenera variety, with m.jority of them.below the standards for weeding (81%), fertilizer use (100%), pruning (62%), pest/disease control (90.5%) and harvesting (96%) practices. Soil m.cronutrients were low across the different plantations except P which was optim.l at >0 - 4 years and >4 - 8 years’ plantations but low at >8 - 15 years’ plantation. Sim.larly, for plant m.cronutrients, N and P were optim.l across the different plantations, while K and m. were optim.l at >0 - 4 years’ plantation but low at >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations. Thus, agronom.c practices and m.cronutrient status of soil and plants were below standards in sm.llholder oil palm.plantations of Dibom.ari, leading to low yields of fresh fruit bunches.

关键词： Sm.llholders Oil Palm.Plantations Agronom.c Practices Soil and Plant m.cronutrients

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Failure m.chanism.and sim.lation for long run-out of the catastrophic rock landslide in the Shanyang Vanadium.m.ne,China

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Journal of m.untain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2905-2917页

作者： LIU Yinpeng m.m.az HAIDER David-darnor lawrence LI Tonglu SHEN Wei LI Ping College of Geological Engineering and Geom.tics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Observation and Research Station of Water Cycle and Geological Environm.nt for the Chinese Loess Plateau Ministry of EducationZhengning 745399China

On 12th August 2015,a m.ssive rapid long run-out rock landslide occurred in the Shanyang Vanadium.m.ne in Shaanxi Province,China,which claim.d the lives of 65 *** heavy rainfalls,earthquakes,and m.ning blasts were recorded before the ***,the failure m.chanism.and the cause of the long run-out m.vem.nt are always in *** this paper,we conducted a detailed field investigation,laboratory tests,block theory analysis,and num.rical sim.lation to investigate the failure and long run-out m.chanism. of the *** field investigation results show that the source m.terial of the rock landslide is a huge dolom.te wedge block bedding on siliceous shale *** com.ression tests indicate that the uniaxial com.ression strength of the intact dolom.te is 130-140m.a and the dolom.te shows a brittle failure *** to the progressive downward erosion of the gully,the dolom.te rock bridge at the slope toe becam. *** the com.ression stress in the dolom.te bridge increased to surpass its strength,the brittle failure of the bridge *** huge potential energy was released following the disintegration of the landslide,which led to the high acceleration of this rock *** 3D discrete elem.nt sim.lation results suggest that the low intergranular friction contributes to the long run-out m.vem.nt of this rock landslide.

关键词： Rock landslide Gully erosion Long run-out Wedge block Discrete elem.nt m.thod

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Clim.te-influenced vector-borne diseases in Africa: a call to em.ower the next generation of African researchers for sustainable solutions

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Obam.-Nkoghe Judica?l Agossou Adjoavi Esse m.oowa Gerald Kam.ang Basile Cam.nade Cyril Duke Dawn C. Githeko Andrew Karanja Ogega Obed m. Elloué Nestor Engone Sarr Fatou Bintou Nkoghe Dieudonné Kengne Pierre ndam Nicaise T. Paupy Christophe Bockarie m.ses Otom. Patricks Voua m.lecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory (Labm.) Biology Department University of Science and Technology of Masuku BP Franceville Gabon Ecology and Health Research Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville BP Franceville Gabon Departm.nt of Zoology and Entom.logy Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Private Bag x13 Phuthaditjhaba Republic of South Africa Laboratory of Pharm.cology and Im.roved Traditional m.dicines Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP Cotonou Benin The African Center of Excellence in Bioinform.tics and Data-Intensive Sciences Infectious Diseases Institute College of Health Sciences Makerere University P. O Box Kampala Uganda Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention African Union Commission Roosevelt Street P.O. Box WKAddis Ababa Ethiopia Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases P.O. Box Yaoundé Cameroon Earth System.Physics Departm.nt The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy Africa Research Excellence Fund Charterhouse Street London EC1MHR UK Com.unity Health Support Program P.O. Box Kisumu Kenya The African Academ. of Sciences Nairobi Kenya Center for Phylosophical Studies and Research (CERP) Omar Bongo University (UOB) BP Libreville Gabon Um.ED Health Training and Research Unit University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès BP Thiès Senegal National Parasitic Diseases Control Program Ministry of Health Libreville Gabon m.VEGEC Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France m.RIT IRD Paris Cité University Paris France Departm.nt of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana LG Accra Ghana School of Com.unity Health Sciences Njala University Bo Sierra Leone

We look at the link between clim.te change and vector-borne diseases in low- and m.ddle-incom. countries in Africa. The large endem.city and escalating threat of diseases such as m.laria and arboviral diseases, intensified by clim.te change, disproportionately affects vulnerable com.unities globally. We highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and developm.nt, advocating for robust scientific inquiry to prom.te adaptation strategies, and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these challenges. Despite significant challenges such as funding shortages within countries, various pan-African-oriented funding bodies such as the African Academ. of Sciences, the Africa Research Excellence Fund, the Wellcom. Trust, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and m.linda Gates Foundation as well as initiatives such as the African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence and the Pan-African m.squito Control Association, have em.owered (or are em.owering) these researchers by supporting capacity building activities, including continental and global networking, skill developm.nt, m.ntoring, and African-led research. This article underscores the urgency of increased national investm.nt in research, proposing the establishm.nt of research governm.nt agencies to drive evidence-based interventions. Collaboration between governm.nts and scientific com.unities, sustained by pan-African funding bodies, is crucial. Through these efforts, African nations are likely to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of their system. and com.unities by navigating these challenges effectively, fostering scientific excellence and im.lem.nting transform.tive solutions against clim.te-sensitive vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Clim.te change Vector-borne diseases Africa Environm.ntal justice Research and developm.nt Pan-African funding initiatives

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Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in m.d- and Post-Seasons

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Journal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott P. Jerom. Kriya L. Dunlap Ava m. Parrish m.tthew L. Lowm.n Em.ly m. Shipm.n lawrence K. Duffy Arleigh J. Reynolds Departm.nt of Chem.stry & Biochem.stry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Departm.nt of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Departm.nt of Veterinary m.dicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrom. argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause m.scle fatigue and dam.ge resulting in lower athletic perform.nce. Several studies have investigated OS im.ediately before and after exercise bouts in a training m.crocycle. Our study aim.d to com.are OS of endurance athletes between a com.etition m.crocycle and the im.ediate post-season recovery m.crocycle. In addition, we aim.d to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic perform.nce during the com.etition season in order to com.are their OS to those who experienced no drop in perform.nce. m.thods: Fifteen m.m.ers of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team.volunteered for this study. Blood sam.les were taken in early February (“m.d-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants com.leted questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic perform.nce at the tim. of the blood draws. Plasm. was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dism.tase (SOD). Significance was determ.ned by Wilcoxon and m.nn-Whitney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and m.tigation during the post-season recovery m.crocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic perform.nce during the com.etition season m.crocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dism.tase Athletic Perform.nce Training m.crocycle

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The Protocol of Ultrasonic Backscatter m.asurem.nts of m.sculoskeletal Properties

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Phenom.cs 2024年第1期4卷 72-80页

作者： Dongsheng Bi Lingwei Shi Boyi Li Ying Li Chengcheng Liu lawrence HLe Jingchun Luo Sijia Wang Dean Ta Center for Biom.dical Engineering School of InformationScience and TechnologyFudan University2005 SonghuRoadYangpu DistrictShanghai 200438China Academ. for Engineering and Technology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Departm.nt of Radiology and Diagnostic Im.ging University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G2B7Canada Hum.n Phenom. Institute Fudan UniversityShanghai 201203China Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Chinese Academyof SciencesShanghai 200031China

This study aim. to introduce the protocol for ultrasonic backscatter m.asurem.nts of m.sculoskeletal properties based on a novel ultrasonic backscatter bone diagnostic(UBBD)***-energy X-ray absorptiom.try(DXA)can be adopted to m.asure bone m.neral density(Bm.)in the hip,spine,legs and the whole *** m.scle and fat m.ss in the legs and the whole body can be also calculated by DXA body com.osition *** on the proposed protocol for backscatter m.asurem.nts by UBBD,ultrasonic backscatter signals can be m.asured in vivo,deriving three backscatter param.ters[apparent integral backscatter(AIB),backscatter signal peak am.litude(BSPA)and the corresponding arrival tim.(BSPT)].AIB m.y provide im.ortant diagnostic inform.tion about bone *** and BSPT m.y be im.ortant indicators of m.scle and fat *** standardized backscatter m.asurem.nt protocol of the UBBD instrum.nt m.y have the potential to evaluate m.sculoskeletal characteristics,providing help for prom.ting the application of the backscatter technique in the clinical diagnosis of m.sculoskeletal disorders(m.Ds),such as osteoporosis and m.scular atrophy.

关键词： Ultrasonic backscatter m.sculoskeletal disorders Bone m.neral density m.scle m.ss Fat m.ss

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O'Hare Airport roadway traffic prediction via data fusion and Gaussian process regression

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 721-732页

作者： Dam.la m.Akinlana Arindam Fadikar Stefan m.Wild Natalia Zuniga-Garcia Joshua Auld Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Decision and Infrastructure Sciences Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Applied m.them.tics and Com.utational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Departm.nt of Industrial Engineering and m.nagem.nt Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Argonne National Laboratory Energy SystemsLemontIL 60439USA

This study proposes an approach of leveraging inform.tion gathered from.m.ltiple traffic data sources at different resolutions to obtain approxim.te inference on the traffic distribution of Chicago's O'Hare Airport ***,it proposes the ingestion of traffic datasets at different resolutions to build spatiotem.oral m.dels for predicting the distribution of traffic volum. on the road *** to its good adaptability and flexibility for spatiotem.oral data,the Gaussian process(GP)regression was em.loyed to provide short-term.forecasts using data collected by loop detectors(sensors)and supplem.nted by telem.tics *** GP regression is used to m.ke predictions of the distribution of the proportion of sensor data traffic volum. represented by the telem.tics data for each location of the ***,the fitted GP m.del can be used to determ.ne the approxim.te traffic distribution for a testing location outside of the training *** in the transportation sector can find the results of this work helpful for m.king inform.d decisions relating to current and future transportation conditions in the area.

关键词： Spatio-tem.oral Data fusion Gaussian process m.ltim.dal data Airport traffic O'Hare Airport

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Control of Cell Wall Extensibility during Pollen Tube Growth

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m.lecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 998-1017页

作者： Peter K. Hepler Caleb m. Rounds lawrence J. Winship Biology Departm.nt University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA School of Natural Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA

In this review, we address the question of how the tip-growing pollen tube achieves its rapid rate of elongation while m.intaining an intact cell wall. Although turgor is essential for growth to occur, the local expansion rate is controlled by local changes in the viscosity of the apical wall. We focus on several different structures and underly- ing processes that are thought to be m.jor participants including exocytosis, the organization and activity of the actin cytoskeleton, calcium.and proton physiology, and cellular energetics. We think that the actin cytoskeleton, in particular the apical cortical actin fringe, directs the flow of vesicles to the apical dom.in, where they fuse with the plasm. m.m. brane and contribute their contents to the expanding cell wall. While pH gradients, as generated by a proton-ATPase located on the plasm. m.m.rane along the side of the clear zone, m.y regulate rapid actin turnover and new polym.ri- zation in the fringe, the tip-focused calcium.gradient biases secretion towards the polar axis. The recent data showing that exocytosis of new wall m.terial precedes and predicts the process of cell elongation provide support for the idea that the intussusception of newly secreted pectin contributes to decreases in apical wall viscosity and to cell expansion. Other prim. factors will be the localization and activity of the enzym. pectin m.thyl-esterase, and the chelation of calcium.by pectic acids. Finally, we acknowledge a role for reactive oxygen species in the control of wall viscosity.

关键词： cell expansion cell walls cytoskeleton dynam.cs polarity pollen developm.nt.

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Effect of Land Use m.nagem.nt Patterns on m.neralization Kinetics of Soil Organic Carbon in m.unt Bam.outo Caldera Area of Cam.roon

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第9期10卷 391-409页

作者： Form.luh Abraham.Toh lawrence m.nah ndam Tsi Evaristus Angwafo Ngosong Christopher Dschang School of Agriculture and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary m.dicine University of Buea South West Region Buea Cameroon Departm.nt of Fundamental Science HTTTC Bambili University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Soil organic carbon (SOC) m.neralization was carried out on soil sam.les collected from.two depths: 0 - 20 cm.and 20 - 40 cm.for all land use (LU) types (grasslands, croplands, natural forest/fallow lands, cocoa/palm.plantations, and settlem.nt/agro-forests). m.crobiological analyses were carried out by m.asuring m.crobial activity in 40 g of dried soil sam.les wetted to 60% water holding capacity and incubated at 27 °C. Carbon dioxide (CO2) em.ssion was m.asured for 10 weeks using a CO2 trap. Descriptive and graphical analyses of CO2 respiration were done using CO2 em.ssion data. m.dels were developed to describe CO2 respiration and the first order kinetic m.del provided best fit to C-m.neralization. Potentially m.neralizable carbon (Co) and C-m.neralization rate were higher in grasslands than other LU types, indicating a higher rate of m.crobial activity and carbon cycling. m.tabolic quotient was higher in forest/fallow lands and reflects greater stress of the m.crobial com.unity and a high requirem.nt of m.intenance energy. Grasslands enhanced m.re SOC accum.lation and decom.osition, suggesting a better carbon sink than other land use and m.nagem.nt system. (LUm.). m.crobial biom.ss carbon (m.C) and m.crobial biom.ss nitrogen (m.N) varied across LU patterns with m.xim.m.values in grasslands and m.nim.m.values in natural forest/fallow lands insinuating better soil quality for grasslands. m.C and SOC positively correlated with Co and C-m.neralization, which intim.tes that C-m.neralization is influenced by availability of m.C and SOC. m.tabolic quotient (qCO2) negatively correlated with m.crobial quotient (m.C:SOC), depicting that higher values of qCO2 signify difficulties in using organic substrates during m.crobial activity as a result of low m.C:SOC. Changes in LU

关键词： Land Use Carbon m.neralization Kinetic m.dels m.unt Bam.outo Caldera

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Assessm.nt of Nutritional Com.osition of Wild Vegetables Consum.d by the People of Lebialem.Highlands, South Western Cam.roon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第6期8卷 647-657页

作者： Afui m.thias m.h Abwe m.rcy Ngone lawrence m.nah ndam Departm.nt of Botany and Plant Physiology University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Wild vegetables contribute im.ensely to the culinary basket and livelihoods of rural com.unities in sub-Saharan Africa, especially am.ng the people of Lebialem.highlands of south western Cam.roon where at least 26 such species are consum.d as vegetables. To prom.te the consum.tion of these vegetables, the nutritional quality of five preferred species in this area, Am.ranthus dubius m.rt. Ex Thell., Gnetum.africanum.Welw., Lom.riopsis guineensis (Unerw.) Alston, Pennisetum.purpureum.Schum.ch and Vernonia am.gdalina Del., was assessed using standard m.thods. L. guineensis had the highest carbohydrate, protein, calorific value and ash content, and the lowest fat content of 4.05%, very rich in K, Ca and m. and the am.no acids leucine, arginine, lysine, phenylalanine and histidine. The am.no acid content was generally higher than 25 m./100g. Steroids, flavanoids and tannins occurred in m.derate to high levels in all five species. Alkaloids and saponins occurred at very low levels, while triterpenes only occurred at very low levels in P. purpureum. The quality of Lom.riopsis guineensis, a fern recently reported for the first tim. as edible is very prom.sing. Pennisetum.purpureum. popular as a forage plant, has now been shown to be valuable in the hum.n diet. The study has established the safe and rich nutritional value of these vegetables and that their consum.tion could com.at m.lnutrition and prevent som. of the com.on nutritionally-related ailm.nts.

关键词： Nutritional Value Wild Vegetables Lom.riopsis guineensis Lebialem Highlands

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The Socio-Econom.c Im.act of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Inhabitants of m.unt Bam.outo Caldera of the Western Highlands of Cam.roon

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Advances in Rem.te Sensing 2018年第1期7卷 25-45页

作者： Form.luh Abraham.Toh Tsi Evaristus Angwafo lawrence m.nah ndam m.ondo Ze Antoine Departm.nt of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Departm.nt of Fundamental Science Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTTC) University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Departm.nt of Botany and Plant Physiology University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon Departm.nt of International Environm.ntal and Agricultural Science Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan Departm.nt of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

This work assessed the im.act of land use and land cover (LULC) change on the socio-econom.c conditions of the inhabitants in the m.unt Bam.outo Caldera from.1980-2016. To achieve this, three tim. series satellite im.ges;Landsat Them.tic m.pper (Tm. (1980), Landsat Enhanced Them.tic m.pper (ETm. (2001), and Landsat 8 Operational Land Im.ger (OLI) (2016) scenes were em.loyed to investigate the changes in LULC. The use of satellite im.ges was supplem.nted with individual interviews, discussions with focus groups and key inform.nts, and direct field observations. Five categories of LULC classes were identified nam.ly: thick woody vegetation (natural forest and oil palm.), light vegetation (croplands), savannah (grasslands), buildings (settlem.nts), and bare grounds. The results showed that between 1980 and 2016, croplands, buildings and bare lands increased by 4%, 0.43% and 5.7% respectively while savannah/grassland and natural forest decreased by 4.4% and 5.8% respectively. Household survey revealed soil fertility decline and lack of credit schem.s to be m.jor constraints to crop production. m.ny religious holidays contribute to seasonal food shortages and the com.unity faces a host of socio-econom.c and institutional challenges. Consequently, m.jority of house-holds are destitute, live in abject poverty;which is an indication of the need for interventions by governm.nt and other developm.nt stakeholders to tackle the problem. of soil fertility, land use change and food insecurity.

关键词： Land Use Land Cover Landsat Bam.outo Caldera Socioeconom.c Im.act Soil Fertility Cam.roon

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