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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-jie Cao Frederic Coulon jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang jannis Wenk laurence jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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在中国经济转型与生态文明建设中不得不说的往事

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国际人才交流 2024年第2期 56-68页

作者：龙安志张佳艺(译) 不详

作为一名多次为跨国公司与中国国有企业谈判合资项目的律师,我无意中成了国有企业改革的专家。1997年,我被委任领导一个特别工作组,为全国性改革方案绘制蓝图。在诸多地域中,试验从安徽省开始。这不足为奇,安徽省早在20年前便吹起市场... 详细信息

作为一名多次为跨国公司与中国国有企业谈判合资项目的律师,我无意中成了国有企业改革的专家。1997年,我被委任领导一个特别工作组,为全国性改革方案绘制蓝图。在诸多地域中,试验从安徽省开始。这不足为奇,安徽省早在20年前便吹起市场化改革的春风。

关键词：国有企业改革中国国有企业中国经济转型跨国公司生态文明建设合资项目改革方案市场化改革

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Nearly Singular Integrals in 3D Stokes Flow

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第10期14卷 1207-1227页

作者： Svetlana Tlupova j.thomas Beale Department of Mathematics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109-1043USA Department of Mathematics Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708-0320USA

A straightforward method is presented for computing three-dimensional Stokes flow,due to forces on a surface,with high accuracy at points near the *** flowquantities arewritten as boundary integrals using the free-spaceGreen’s *** evaluate the integrals near the boundary,the singular kernels are regularized and a simple quadrature is applied in coordinate *** order accuracy is obtained by adding special corrections for the regularization and discretization errors,derived here using local asymptotic *** tests demonstrate the uniform convergence rates of the method.

关键词： Stokes equations boundary integral equation method nearly singular integrals

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Metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Asian journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 316-323页

作者： Ryan A.Dornbier Chirag P.Doshi Shalin C.Desai Petar Bajic Michelle Van Kuiken Mark Khemmani Ahmer V.Farooq Larissa Bresler thomas M.T.Turk Alan j.Wolfe Kristin G.Baldea Loyola University Medical Center Department of UrologyMaywoodILUSA Loyola University Chicago Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMaywoodILUSA

Objective:To identify possible stone-promoting microbes,we compared the profiles of microbes grown from stones of patients with and without metabolic syndrome(MetS).The association between MetS and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact pathophysiologic relationship remains *** evidence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nephrolithiasis ***:At the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from patients with and without *** sample types were subjected to expanded quantitative urine culture(EQUC)and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene ***:Fifty-seven patients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 MetS patients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with respect to demographics and non-MetS *** controls had uric acid stone *** EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in MetS stones(42.2%)compared to controls(8.3%)(p=0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of MetS patients compared to *** validate our EQUC results,we performed 16 S ribosomal RNA gene *** 12/16(75.0%)sequence-positive stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one species of the sequenced *** were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone ***:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in MetS stones than control *** findings support a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for patients with MetS regardless of stone composition.

关键词： Nephrolithiasis Urolithiasis Metabolic syndrome Urinary microbiome Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Early developmental exposure to inorganic mercury does not alter affiliative behavior of adult prairie voles(Microtus ochrogaster)

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 761-768页

作者： Yue CHEN Robert LEWIS j.thomas CURTIS Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Oklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesTulsaOklahomaUK

Mercury chloride exposure through drinking water in adult male prairie voles(Microtus ochrogaster)has been shown to alter their social ***,we examined the potential disruption of adult social behavior in prairie voles that were exposed to 60 ppm mercury during early *** used a cross-fostering approach to test the effects of mercury exposure:(1)from conception until birth;(ii)from birth until weaning;and(iii)from conception until weaning,on adult affiliative *** and mercury-treated voles were given the option of remaining in an empty cage or affiliating with a same-sex conspecific in a 3-h choice *** found that early developmental mercury exposure had little if any effect on the reproductive success of breeder pairs or on affiliative behavior by either sex when subjects were tested as *** results suggest that,at least in the context of the behavior tested,the effects of early developmental exposure to mercury do not permanently alter adult prairie vole affiliative behavior,or do so in a way that is too subtle to be detected using the current testing paradigm.

关键词： behavioral testing metals toxicity social behavior prairie vole

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Resilience, the 6th Vital Sign: Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing All Six Vital Signs

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Health 2024年第7期16卷 657-673页

作者： Rose E. Constantino Betty j. Braxter Chi Ching Vivian Hui Larissa C. Allen Lillian j. Wolfe Katherine H. Endres jezyl Cempron Cutamora laurence L. Garcia Daisy R. Palompon Kathleen Thimsen Brayden N. Kameg Margarete L. Zalon Department of Health and Community Systems School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Undergraduate Affairs School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China School of Nursing Adjunct Faculty at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Health Promotion and Development School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA College of Nursing Cebu Normal University Cebu City Philippines School of Nursing University of Nevada Las Vegas USA Department of Health and Community Systems University of Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Nursing University of Scranton Scranton PA USA

There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American Heart Association, and other specialty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilience) which adopts the measure of immune resilience is suggested in this paper. Resilience is the ability of the immune system to respond to attacks and defend effectively against infections and inflammatory stressors, and psychological resilience is the capacity to resist, adapt, recover, thrive, and grow from a challenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilience had better health outcomes than those with minimal immune resilience. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize, contextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilience subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRC), a scale of 10 items. The revised CDRC scale is a 5-item scale. The scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total scores indicating greater resilience. The scale demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.85) during the development of the scale. The CD-RISC had a good Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised CD-RISC can be completed in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilience objectively, we suggest using Immune Resilience (IR) levels, the level of resilience to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilience functions that promote disease resistance and control inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between CD8 and CD4 T-cell levels and gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality- or entropy-associated inflammation. IR deregulation i

关键词： Conceptualization Contextualization Operationalization Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Pain Resilience

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A Fast Accurate Boundary IntegralMethod for Potentials on Closely Packed Cells

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第9期14卷 1073-1093页

作者： Wenjun Ying j.thomas Beale Shanghai jiao Tong University Department of Mathematics and Institute of Natural SciencesMinhangShanghai 200240P.R.China Duke University Department of MathematicsDurhamNC 27708-0320USA

Boundary integral methods are naturally suited for the computation of harmonic functions on a region having inclusions or cells with different material ***,accuracy deteriorates when the cell boundaries are close to each *** present a boundary integralmethod in two dimensions which is specially designed tomaintain second order accuracy even if boundaries are arbitrarily *** uses a regularization of the integral kernel which admits analytically determined corrections to maintain *** boundaries with many components we use the fast multipolemethod for efficient *** compute electric potentials on a domain with cells whose conductivity differs from that of the surrounding *** first solve an integral equation for a source term on the cell interfaces and then find values of the potential near the interfaces via *** we use a Poisson solver to extend the potential to a regular grid covering the entire region.A number of examples are *** demonstrate that increased refinement is not needed to maintain accuracy as interfaces become very close.

关键词： Laplace equation boundary integral method fast multipole method

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Evidence-based management of gastrointestinal diseases

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第1期3卷 1-2页

作者： j.thomas Lamont Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolDA-501330 Brookline AvenueBostonMA 02215USA

This special issue of Gastroenterology Report is directed at“Evidence-based management of gastrointestinal(GI)diseases”.Gastroenterologists are now using a range of diagnostic tests and therapies that were largely unavailable twenty years *** is a fast-moving field,with innovations being developed at a rapid *** in this issue are authoritative reviews on how to manage a wide variety of conditions that affect the GI and biliary tracts using both established and emerging technologies,with emphasis on evidence to support the best practices and to achieve the best possible outcomes for our patients;for example,much has changed as regards our diagnostic accuracy in celiac disease.

关键词： diseases gastrointestinal patients

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A system-on-chip microwave photonic processor solves dynamic RF interference in real time with picosecond latency

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 91-102页

作者： Weipeng Zhang joshua C.Lederman thomas Ferreira de Lima jiawei Zhang Simon Bilodeau Leila Hudson Alexander Tait Bhavin j.Shastri Paul R.Prucnal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton UniversityPrinceton08544NJUSA NEC Laboratories America Princeton08540NJUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada Department of Physics Engineering Physics and AstronomyQueen’s UniversityKingstonK7L 3N6OntarioCanada

Radio-frequency interference is a growing concern as wireless technology advances,with potentially life-threatening consequences like interference between radar altimeters and 5 G cellular *** transceivers mix signals with varying ratios over time,posing challenges for conventional digital signal processing(DSP)due to its high *** challenges will worsen as future wireless technologies adopt higher carrier frequencies and data ***,conventional DSPs,already on the brink of their clock frequency limit,are expected to offer only marginal speed *** paper introduces a photonic processor to address dynamic interference through blind source separation(BSS).Our system-on-chip processor employs a fully integrated photonic signal pathway in the analogue domain,enabling rapid demixing of received mixtures and recovering the signal-of-interest in under 15 *** reduction in latency surpasses electronic counterparts by more than three orders of *** complement the photonic processor,electronic peripherals based on field-programmable gate array(FPGA)assess the effectiveness of demixing and continuously update demixing weights at a rate of up to 305 *** compact setup features precise dithering weight control,impedance-controlled circuit board and optical fibre packaging,suitable for handheld and mobile *** experimentally demonstrate the processor’s ability to suppress transmission errors and maintain signal-to-noise ratios in two scenarios,radar altimeters and mobile *** work pioneers the real-time adaptability of integrated silicon photonics,enabling online learning and weight adjustments,and showcasing practical operational applications for photonic processing.

关键词： processor mixing dynamic

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Geochronological constraints on the metamorphic sole of the Semail ophiolite in the United Arab Emirates

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 609-619页

作者： Nick M.W.Roberts Robert j.thomas joachim jacobs NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory British Geological SurveyKeyworthNG12 5GGUK Council for Geoscience P.O.Box 572Bellville 7535South Africa University of Bergen.Department of Earth Science PB 78035020 BergenNorway Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre9296 TromsoNorway

The Semail ophiolite of Oman and the United Arab Emirates （UAE） provides the best preserved large slice of oceanic lithosphere exposed on the continental crust, and offers unique opportunities to study processes of ocean crust formation, subduction initiation and obduction. Metamorphic rocks exposed in the eastern UAE have traditionally been interpreted as a metamorphic sole to the Semail ophiolite. However, there has been some debate over the possibility that the exposures contain components of older Arabian continental crust. To help answer this question, presented here are new zircon and futile U-Pb geochronological data from various units of the metamorphic rocks. Zircon was absent in most samples. Those that yielded zircon and futile provide dominant single age populations that are 95-93 Ma, partially overlapping with the known age of oceanic crust formation （96.5-94.5 Ma）, and partially overlapping with cooling ages of the metamorphic rocks （95 90 Ma）. The data are interpreted as dating high-grade metamorphism during subduction burial of the sediments into hot mantle lithosphere, and rapid cooling during their subsequent exhumation. A few discordant zircon ages, interpreted as late Neoproterozoic and younger, represent minor detrital input from the continent. No evidence is found in favour of the existence of older Arabian continental crust within the metamorphic rocks of the UAE.

关键词： Semail ophiolite United Arab Emirates Metamorphic sole U-Pb geochronology Zircon Rutile

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