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Do forest health threats affect upland oak regeneration and recruitment?Advance reproduction is a key co-morbidity

Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 743-751页

作者： Lance A.Vickers Benjamin O.knapp Daniel C.Dey lauren s.pile knapp school of Natural Resources University of Missouri203 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources BuildingColumbiaMO65211USA UsDA Forest service Northern Research station 202 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources BuildingColumbiaMO65211USA

We analyzed national forest inventory data collected from circa 2000–2018 across 37 states in the eastern United states to better understand the influence of forest health related canopy disturbances on the regeneration and recruitment dynamics of upland oaks(Quercus).We found low levels of oak recruitment across all disturbance types examined but limited evidence of any direct effects from the type of disturbance on the population of regenerating *** general lack of differences in oak regeneration response between forest health disturbances and disturbances caused by harvested or non-disturbed plots does not indicate that the effects of forest health disturbances were benign,***,low level of oak recruitment across all disturbance types highlights the pervasiveness of the trend of shifting composition in once oak-dominated forests where oak is absent or sparse in the regeneration *** results show that oak recruitment was higher when oak was present as advance reproduction prior to disturbance from any cause ***,these results lead us to conclude that the widespread inadequacy of oak advance reproduction in mature oak-dominated forests is the prevailing threat to oak forest health and *** suggest the status of advance reproduction be treated as a co-morbidity when weighing the risk and potential outcomes from other threats to upland oak forests in the eastern United states.

关键词： Temperate deciduous forest Regeneration ecology Forest inventory and analysis Oak/hickory Forest pests Insect Disease Harvesting

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Variation in individual biomass decreases faster than mean biomass with increasing density of bamboo stands

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第3期31卷 981-987页

作者： Guohua Liu Cang Hui Ming Chen lauren spile GGeoff Wang Fusheng Wang Peijian shi Co-Innovation Centre for sustainable Forestry in southern China Bamboo Research InstituteNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Department of Mathematical sciences Centre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland 7602South Africa Mathematical and Physical Biosciences African Institute for Mathematical SciencesCape Town 7945South Africa UsDA Forest service Sierra National Forest—High Sierra Ranger DistrictPratherCA 93651USA Department Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

The total biomass of a stand is an indicator of stand productivity and is closely related to the density of plants. According to the self-thinning law, mean individual biomass follows a negative power law with plant density. If the variance of individual biomass is constant, we can expect increased stand productivity with increasing plant density. However, Taylor's power law(TPL) that relates the variance and the mean of many biological measures(e.g. bilateral areal differences of a leaf, plant biomass atdifferent times, developmental rates at different temperatures, population densities on different spatial or temporal scales), affects the estimate of stand productivity when it is defined as the total biomass of large plants in a *** the variance of individual biomass decreases faster than mean individual biomass, differences in individual biomass decline with increasing density, leading to more homogeneous timbers of greater economic value. We tested whether TPL in plant biomass holds for different species and whether the variance of individual biomass changes faster than the mean with increasing stand *** height, ground diameter and fresh weight of 50 bamboo species were measured in 50 stands ranging from 1 m by 1 m to 30 m by 30 m to ensure more than 150 bamboos in every stand. We separately examined TPL in height,ground diameter, and weight, and found that TPL holds for all three biological measures, with the relationship strongest for weight. Using analysis of covariance to compare the regression slopes of logarithmic mean and variance against the logarithm of density, we found that the variance in individual biomass declined faster than the mean with increasing density. This suggests that dense planting reduced mean individual biomass but homogenized individual biomass. Thus, there exists a trade-off between effective stand productivity and stand density for optimal forest management. sparse planting leads to large variation in individual bi

关键词： Bamboo Linear fitting self-thinning law Taylor's power law Variance

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sustainability and Forest Certification as a Framework for a Capstone Forest Resource Management Plans Course

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Open Journal of Forestry 2012年第3期2卷 159-166页

作者： Christine M. Watts lauren s. pile Thomas J. straka school of Agricultural Forest and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson USA

Forest sustainability is the foundation of forestry and modern forest management. Originally the central concept was sustained-yield and maximum timber production and then multiple-use and other non-timber values gained importance. After the Rio Conference and development of the Montréal Process in the early 1990’s, forest sustainability rapidly gained importance and various forest certification schemes developed to certify forest products that were grown using sustainable forest management. Forest sustainability and forest certification have become critical topics in forestry curricula. The American Tree Farm system is one of the important North American forest certification organizations. Modern forestry curricula often include a capstone course where forest management plans are developed. We describe a capstone course at Clemson University under development that uses the management standards and management plan template of the American Tree Farm system as a framework for students to develop actual forest management plans for local forest owners. The material is integrated into a series of four courses leading up to the capstone course. The course offered a hands-on approach for students to create management plans using actual certification standards and the system’s management plan template. In addition, students received specialized training to qualify as auditors for the certification system. This is an example of forest sustainability being integrated into the forestry curriculum.

关键词： Forest Certification Forest sustainability American Tree Farm system (ATFs) Forestry Education

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Evaluating COVID-19’s impacts on Puerto Rican’s travel behaviors

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Geo-spatial Information science 2023年第4期26卷 616-626页

作者： lauren C.Carter Ran Tao school of Geosciences University of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

The COVID-19 pandemic has completely disrupted and possibly permanently changed the way humans *** Puerto Rico,major travel restrictions to the island have persisted at different levels since March 2020,which heavily influenced residents’travel ***,it remains unclear about how big the impact is and how inequitable it might *** goal of this study is to evaluate COVID-19’s impacts on Puerto Rican’s travel behaviors by analyzing travel flows from Puerto Rico to the contiguous Us with a modified gravity *** roles of socioeconomic factors regarding the Puerto Rican travelers and COVID-19 factors regarding the destination Us states have been ***-19 was a strong deterring factor of travel at the beginning of the pandemic and also in the winter of 2020,but it did not keep Puerto Ricans from traveling during the summer 2020 when most travel restrictions were *** found that the elderly population of Puerto Rico,despite being more vulnerable to COVID-19,were much more likely to travel during the *** also found that,during the holiday season in 2020,some socioeconomically disadvantaged populations were more likely to be traveling,a direct contradiction to their travel flows the year *** findings shed light on about how disproportionately affected populations behavior changed from pre-pandemic to after the pandemic *** the continuance of the pandemic,this information is extremely valuable for future planning with respect to emergency management,travel regulation,and social benefit.

关键词： COVID-19 Puerto Rico travel behavior social vulnerability human mobility

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stuck in a rut： Potential costs of sand roads to gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 578-585页

作者： lauren N. GILsON Archbold Biological station Lake Placid 123 Main Drive. Lake Placid. FL 33960. USA Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Bentley WA 6845 Australia

Roads affect wildlife significantly through direct mortality but also through behavioral change. We explored the ef- fects of unsurfaced sand roads with a low traffic volume on the travelling behavior of gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus in scrub habitat in central Florida, as evidenced by the tracks left by tortoises on sand roads. Tortoises （and most other taxa leaving tracks on the roads） did not appear to make use of roads for travel but attempted to cross them, the success of which was influ- enced by the size of the individual. smaller animals （presumably younger tortoises） were more challenged than larger animals by both sand road widths and depths of vehicle ruts in sand roads. sand roads may present both physical and physiological challenges to gopher tortoises, particularly to small ones. This research provides further evidence that the negative influence of roads in fragmenting the environment is not limited to vehicle mortality [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 578-585, 2015].

关键词： Travel Non-lethal effects of roads Testudine Reptile size-dependent

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Insects: an underrepresented resource for the discovery of biologically active natural products

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Acta Pharmaceutica sinica B 2017年第4期7卷 409-426页

作者： lauren seabrooks Longqin Hu Department of Medicinal Chemistry Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Cancer Institute of New Jersey

Nature has been the source of life-changing and-saving medications for centuries. Aspirin,penicillin and morphine are prime examples of Nature's gifts to medicine. These discoveries catalyzed the field of natural product drug discovery which has mostly focused on plants. However, insects have more than twice the number of species and entomotherapy has been in practice for as long as and often in conjunction with medicinal plants and is an important alternative to modern medicine in many parts of the world. Herein, an overview of current traditional medicinal applications of insects and characterization of isolated biologically active molecules starting from approximately 2010 is presented. Insect natural products reviewed were isolated from ants, bees, wasps, beetles, cockroaches, termites, flies, true bugs,moths and more. Biological activities of these natural products from insects include antimicrobial,antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.

关键词： Natural products Insects Entomotherapy Traditional medicine Drug discovery

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Neural lineage differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells:Advances in disease modeling

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World Journal of stem Cells 2023年第6期15卷 530-545页

作者： Yuan-Wei Yan Eddie s Qian lauren E Woodard Julie Bejoy Waisman Center University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705United States Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTN 37232United States Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37232United States

Brain diseases affect 1 in 6 people *** diseases range from acute neurological conditions such as stroke to chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s *** advancements in tissue-engineered brain disease models have overcome many of the different shortcomings associated with the various animal models,tissue culture models,and epidemiologic patient data that are commonly used to study brain *** innovative method by which to model human neurological disease is via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells(hPsCs)to neural lineages including neurons,astrocytes,and ***-dimensional models such as brain organoids have also been derived from hPsCs,offering more physiological relevance due to their incorporation of various cell *** such,brain organoids can better model the pathophysiology of neural diseases observed in *** this review,we will emphasize recent developments in hPsC-based tissue culture models of neurological disorders and how they are being used to create neural disease models.

关键词： Induced pluripotent stem cells Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Brain organoids Assembloids

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Transcatheter Device Closure of a Perimembranous Ventricular septal Defect in Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第2期17卷 193-199页

作者： Catherine E.Tomasulo Lindsay s.Rogers lauren Andrade Michael LO’Byrne Division of Cardiology The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUSA Division of Cardiology Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUSA Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUSA Leonard Davis Institute and Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Qualityand Evaluative ResearchUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUSA

The majority of patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries,also known as transposition of the great arteries{s,L,L}have ventricular septal defects(VsD),most commonly perimembranous VsD(pmVsD).Transcatheter device closure of pmVsD in these patients has not been widely *** present a case of device closure of pmVsD in L-TGA with an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II(ADOII)device using a deployment starting in the subpulmonary left *** case demonstrates some of the technical advantages of the ADOII device for VsD closure,specifically its low profile,symmetric shape,and soft *** characteristics are advantageous in closing conventional pmVsD but are especially useful in patients with challenging anatomic substrates.

关键词： Percutaneous catheterization congenital heart disease thromboembolism

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Dynamic expression of slit1–3 and Robo1–2 in the mouse peripheral nervous system after injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 948-958页

作者： Bing Chen lauren Carr Xin-Peng Dun Department of Neurology The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai’anJiangsu ProvinceChina Plymouth University Peninsula schools of Medicine and Dentistry PlymouthUK The Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

The slit family of axon guidance cues act as repulsive molecules for precise axon pathfinding and neuronal migration during nervous system development through interactions with specific Robo *** we previously reported that slit1–3 and their receptors Robo1 and Robo2 are highly expressed in the adult mouse peripheral nervous system,how this expression changes after injury has not been well ***,we constructed a peripheral nerve injury mouse model by transecting the right sciatic *** 14 days after injury,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect mRNA expression of slit1–3 and Robo1–2 in L4–5 spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia,as well as the sciatic *** analysis was performed to examine slit1–3,Robo1–2,neurofilament heavy chain,F4/80,and vimentin in L4–5 spinal cord,L4 dorsal root ganglia,and the sciatic ***-expression of slit1–3 and Robo1–2 in L4 dorsal root ganglia was detected by in situ *** addition,slit1–3 and Robo1–2 protein expression in L4–5 spinal cord,L4 dorsal root ganglia,and sciatic nerve were detected by western blot *** results showed no significant changes of slit1–3 or Robo1–2 mRNA expression in the spinal cord within 14 days after *** the dorsal root ganglion,slit1–3 and Robo1–2 mRNA expression were initially downregulated within 4 days after injury;however,Robo1–2 mRNA expression returned to the control level,while slit1–3 mRNA expression remained upregulated during regeneration from 4–14 days after *** the sciatic nerve,slit1–3 and their receptors Robo1–2 were all expressed in the proximal nerve stump;however,slit1,slit2,and Robo2 were barely detectable in the nerve bridge and distal nerve stump within 14 days after ***3 was highly ex-pressed in macrophages surrounding the nerve bridge and slightly downregulated in the distal nerve stump within 14 days after ***1 was upregulated in vimentin-positive cells and migrating s

关键词： dorsal root ganglion nerve regeneration neural regeneration peripheral nerve Robo 1 Robo 2 sciatic nerve slit1 slit2 slit3

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Quantifying prosthetic gait deviation using simple outcome measures

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第6期7卷 383-391页

作者： lauren Kark Ross Odell Andrew s McIntosh Anne simmons Graduate school of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Australian Centre for Research into Injuryin sport and its Prevention Federation University

AIM:To develop a subset of simple outcome measures to quantify prosthetic gait deviation without needing three-dimensional gait analysis(3DGA).METHODs:Eight unilateral,transfemoral amputees and 12 unilateral,transtibial amputees were ***-eight able-bodied controls were *** participants underwent 3DGA,the timed-up-and-go test and the six-minute walk test(6MWT).The lowerlimb amputees also completed the Prosthesis Evaluation *** from 3DGA were summarised using the gait deviation index(GDI),which was subsequently regressed,using stepwise regression,against the other ***:step-length(sL),self-selected walking speed(ssWs) and the distance walked during the 6MWT(6MWD) were significantly correlated with *** 6MWD was the strongest,single predictor of the GDI,followed by sL and *** predictive ability of the regression equations were improved following inclusion of self-report data related to mobility and prosthetic ***:This study offers a practicable alternative to quantifying kinematic deviation without the need to conduct complete 3DGA.

关键词： Gait deviation Prosthesis Amputation Functional outcomes Regression Receiver operating characteristic curve

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