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Legacy earthen berms influence vegetation and hydrologic complexity in the Altar Valley,Arizona

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 755-763页

作者： Mary H.Nichols Sara e.Duke Chandra Holifield Collins lauren Thompson Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E.Allen Rd.TucsonAZ85719USA Southern Plains Area Research Center USDA-ARSSPARCCollege StationTX77845USA University of Arizona College of Science GraduateTucsonAZ85719USA

Across the American Southwest water development has played a critical role in managing *** berms have been constructed throughout US rangelands to manage runoff and reduce *** berms altered runoff patterns to increase soil moisture with positive local vegetative ***,altered runoff patterns can be considered a disturbance that affects broader scale vegetation *** hypothesized that the hydrologic impacts of earthen berms in semiarid rangelands will be reflected in contrasting upslope and downslope vegetation patterns.A supervised classification of grass,shrubs,and bare soil was performed using orthographic imagery taken in June 2016 to quantify the effects of 181 earthen berms in the uplands and floodplain of the Altar Valley in Southern Arizona,*** berms blocked runoff,creating downslope runoff"shadows"within which the precipitation is the dominant water *** documented more bare soil downslope of intact berms in comparison with *** and shrub cover affected by berms were related to soil *** and shrub cover were not different above and below intact berms on fine textured soils,but on sites with coarser textured soil,grass cover was lower downslope of *** breaches occurred on coarser textured soils,the up and downslope differences in grass cover *** study points to the role of conservation structures in adding additional complexity to already heterogeneous landscapes by creating patchwork assemblages of vegetation and bare soil proximal to earthen runoff and erosion control berms.

关键词： Legacy conservation structure earthen bank earthen berm Land degradation Rangeland

Neural lineage differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells:Advances in disease modeling

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2023年第6期15卷 530-545页

作者： Yuan-Wei Yan eddie S Qian lauren e Woodard Julie Bejoy Waisman Center University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705United States Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTN 37232United States Biomedical engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37232United States

Brain diseases affect 1 in 6 people *** diseases range from acute neurological conditions such as stroke to chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s *** advancements in tissue-engineered brain disease models have overcome many of the different shortcomings associated with the various animal models,tissue culture models,and epidemiologic patient data that are commonly used to study brain *** innovative method by which to model human neurological disease is via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)to neural lineages including neurons,astrocytes,and ***-dimensional models such as brain organoids have also been derived from hPSCs,offering more physiological relevance due to their incorporation of various cell *** such,brain organoids can better model the pathophysiology of neural diseases observed in *** this review,we will emphasize recent developments in hPSC-based tissue culture models of neurological disorders and how they are being used to create neural disease models.

关键词： Induced pluripotent stem cells Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Brain organoids Assembloids

effects of historic wildfire and prescribed fire on site occupancy of bats in Shenandoah National Park,Virginia,USA

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1255-1270页

作者： lauren V.Austin Alexander Silvis W.Mark Ford Karen e.Powers Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Resource environmental Solutions WarrentonVA 20187USA U.S.Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitBlacksburgVA 24061USA Biology Department Radford UniversityRadfordVA 24141USA

Given the likelihood of regional extirpation of several once-common bat species in eastern North America from white-nose syndrome,it is critical that the impacts of forest management activities,such as prescribed fire,are known in order to minimize potentially additive negative effects on bat *** wildfires may offer a suitable surrogate to assess long-term burn impacts on bats for planning,implementing and assessing burn *** examine the effects of historic fire on bats,we sampled bat activities at 24 transect locations in burned and unburned forest stands in the central Appalachian Mountains of Shenandoah National Park(SNP),Virginia,*** was limited evidence of positive fire effects over time on hoary bats(Lasiurus cinereus Beauvois)and big brown bats(eptesicus fuscus Beauvois)***,there were few or mostly equivocal relationships of bat occupancy relative to burn conditions or time since fire in SNP across species using a false-positive occupancy *** results suggest that fire does not strongly affect bat site occupancy short-or long-term in the central Appalachians.

关键词： Appalachian mountains Bats False-positive occupancy Prescribed fire Wildfire

Three-dimensional light structure of an upland Quercus stand post-tornado disturbance

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 141-153页

作者： Kevin G.Willson lauren e.Cox Justin L.Hart Daniel C.Dey Department of Geography University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Department of environmental Science Policyand ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Northern Research Station USDA Forest ServiceColumbiaMO 65211USA

Light is the most common limiting factor in forest plant communities,influencing species composition,stand structure,and stand productivity in closed canopy *** vertical light structure is relatively simple under a closed canopy because most light is captured by overstory ***,wind disturbance events create canopy openings from local to landscape scales that increase understory light intensity and vertical light structural *** studied the effects of an eF-1 tornado on horizontal and vertical(***-dimensional)light structure within a Quercus stand to determine how light structure changed with increasing disturbance *** used a two-tiered method to collect photosynthetic photon flux density at 4.67 m and 1.37 m above the forest floor to construct three-dimensional light structure across a canopy disturbance severity gradient to see if light intensity varied with increasing tornado *** indicate that increased canopy disturbance closer to the tornado track increased light penetration and light structure heterogeneity at lower forest *** light intensity correlated with increased sapling density that was more randomly distributed across the plot and had shifted light capture higher in the stand *** penetration through the overstory was most strongly correlated with decreased stem density in the two most important tree species(based on relative dominance and relative density)in the stand,Quercus alba L.(r=-0.31)and Ostrya virginiana(Mill.)***(r=-0.27,ped that understory light penetration was most affected by these two *** managers are increasingly interested in patterning silvicultural entries on natural disturbances,they must understand residual stand and light structures that occur after natural disturbance *** providing spatial light data that quantifies light structure post-disturbance,managers can use these results to improve planning required for long-term man

关键词： Photosynthetic photon flux density Midstory Blowdown Heterogeneity

Transcatheter Device Closure of a Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defect in Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第2期17卷 193-199页

作者： Catherine e.Tomasulo Lindsay S.Rogers lauren Andrade Michael LO’Byrne Division of Cardiology The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUSA Division of Cardiology Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUSA Center for Pediatric Clinical effectiveness The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUSA Leonard Davis Institute and Center for Cardiovascular Outcomes Qualityand Evaluative ResearchUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUSA

The majority of patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries,also known as transposition of the great arteries{S,L,L}have ventricular septal defects(VSD),most commonly perimembranous VSD(pmVSD).Transcatheter device closure of pmVSD in these patients has not been widely *** present a case of device closure of pmVSD in L-TGA with an Amplatzer Duct Occluder II(ADOII)device using a deployment starting in the subpulmonary left *** case demonstrates some of the technical advantages of the ADOII device for VSD closure,specifically its low profile,symmetric shape,and soft *** characteristics are advantageous in closing conventional pmVSD but are especially useful in patients with challenging anatomic substrates.

关键词： Percutaneous catheterization congenital heart disease thromboembolism

What gets in the way of social engagement in schizophrenia?

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第1期11卷 13-26页

作者： lauren P Weittenhiller Megan e Mikhail Jasmine Mote Timothy R Campellone Ann M Kring Department of Psychology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720United States Department of Psychology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Department of Occupational Health Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155United States

BACKGROUND Social engagement-important for health and well-being-can be difficult for people with *** research indicates that despite expressing interest in social interactions,people with schizophrenia report spending less time with others and feeling *** motivations and barriers may play an important role for understanding social engagement in *** To investigate how people with schizophrenia describe factors that impede and promote social *** We interviewed a community sample of people with(n=35)and without(n=27)schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder about their social interactions with friends and family over the past week and planned social activities for the coming *** reviewed the interview transcripts and developed a novel coding system to capture whether interactions occurred,who had initiated the contact,and frequency of reported social barriers(i.e.,internal,conflict-based,logistical)and social motivations(i.e.,instrumental,affiliative,obligation-based).We also assessed symptoms and *** People with schizophrenia were less likely than people without schizophrenia to have spent time with friends[t(51.04)=2.09,P=0.042,d=0.51)],but not *** with schizophrenia reported more social barriers than people without schizophrenia[F(1,60)=10.55,P=0.002,ηp2=0.15)]but did not differ in reported social ***,people with schizophrenia reported more internal[t(45.75)=3.40,P=0.001,d=0.83)]and conflict-based[t(40.11)=3.03,P=0.004,d=0.73)]barriers than people without *** barriers and motivations were related to real-world social functioning for people with schizophrenia,such that more barriers were associated with more difficulty in close relationships(r=-0.37,P=0.027)and more motivations were associated with better community functioning(r=0.38,P=0.024).CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of assessing first person accounts of social barriers

关键词： Social engagement Schizophrenia Social motivation Social barriers

Deleterious effects of whole-body vibration on the spine:A review of in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro models

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Animal Models and experimental Medicine 2021年第2期4卷 77-86页

作者： Folly Patterson Raheleh Miralami Keith e.Tansey Raj K.Prabhu lauren B.Priddy Department of Agricultural and Biological engineering Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMSUSA Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMSUSA Department of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology University of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA Center for Neuroscience and Neurological Recovery Methodist Rehabilitation CenterJacksonMSUSA Spinal Cord Injury Medicine and Research Services G.V.(Sonny)Montgomery VA Medical CenterJacksonMSUSA

Occupational exposure to whole-body vibration is associated with the develop-ment of musculoskeletal,neurological,and other *** back pain and other spine disorders are prevalent among those exposed to whole-body vibration in occupational and military *** standards for limiting exposure to whole-body vibration have been in place for decades,there is a lack of understanding of whole-body vibration-associated risks among safety and healthcare ***,disorders associated with whole-body vibration exposure remain prevalent in the workforce and *** relationship between whole-body vibra-tion and low back pain in humans has been established largely through cohort stud-ies,for which vibration inputs that lead to symptoms are rarely,if ever,*** gap in knowledge highlights the need for the development of relevant in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro models to study such *** parameters of vibrational stimuli(eg,frequency and direction)play critical roles in such pathologies,but the specific cause-and-effect relationships between whole-body vibration and spinal pa-thologies remain mostly *** paper provides a summary of whole-body vibration parameters;reviews in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro models for spinal patholo-gies resulting from whole-body vibration;and offers suggestions to address the gaps in translating injury biomechanics data to inform clinical practice.

关键词： adverse effects animal models intervertebral disc spine translational research vibration

Supporting flexible regulation of crisis management by means of situated artificial institution

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Frontiers of Information Technology & electronic engineering 2016年第4期17卷 309-324页

作者： Maiquel De BRITO lauren THeVIN Catherine GARBAY Olivier BOISSIeR Jomi Fred HUBNeR Federal University of Santa Catarina UFSC/CTC/DAS/PPGEAS-PO Box 476FlorianopolisSC 88040-900Brazil LIG/Universite de Grenoble Grenoble 38041France Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR CNRS 5516 Institut Henri FayolMINES Saint-EtienneSaint-Etienne 42023France

This paper highlights the use of situated artificial institution(SAI) within a hybrid, interactive,normative multi-agent system to regulate human collaboration in crisis management. Norms regulate the actions of human actors based on the dynamics of the environment in which they are situated. This dynamics results from both environment evolution and actors' actions. Our objective is to situate norms in the environment in order to provide a context-aware crisis regulation. However, this coupling must be a loose one to keep both levels independent and easyto-change in order to face the complex and changing crisis situations. To that aim, we introduce a constitutive level between environmental and normative states providing a loose coupling of normative regulation with environment evolution. Norms are thus no more referring to environmental facts but to status functions, i.e., the institutional interpretation of environmental facts through constitutive rules. We present how this declarative and distinct SAI modelling succeeds in managing the crisis with a context-aware crisis regulation.

关键词： Situated artificial institutions(SAIs) Normative system Tangible interaction Crisis management

Mechanistic studies of PeG-asparaginase-induced liver injury and hepatic steatosis in mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第12期11卷 3779-3790页

作者： Gundala Venkata Naveen Kumar Keito Hoshitsuki Sanjay Rathod Manda J.Ramsey lauren Kokai erin e.Kershaw Wen Xie Christian A.Fernandez Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmacogenetics University of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyPittsburghPA 15261USA Division of General Internal Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Plastic Surgery University of Pittsburgh and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicinePittsburghPA 15261USA University of Pittsburgh Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicinePittsburghPA 15261USA

PeGylated-L-asparaginase(PeG-ASNase)is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).Its use is avoided in adults due to its high risk of liver injury including hepatic steatosis,with obesity and older age considered risk factors of the *** study aims to elucidate the mechanism of PeG-ASNase-induced liver *** received 1500 U/kg of PeG-ASNase and were sacrificed 1,3,5,and 7 days after drug *** triglycerides were quantified,and plasma bilirubin,ALT,AST,and non-esterified fatty acids(NeFA)were *** mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid synthesis,β-oxidation,very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL)secretion,and white adipose tissue(WAT)lipolysis were *** developed hepatic steatosis after PeG-ASNase,which associated with increases in bilirubin,ALT,and *** hepatic genes Ppara,Lcad/Mcad,Hadhb,Apob100,and Mttp were upregulated,and Srebp-1 c and Fas were downregulated after *** plasma NeFA,WAT loss,and adipose tissue lipolysis were also observed after ***,we found that PeG-ASNase-induced liver injury was exacerbated in obese and aged mice,consistent with clinical studies of ASNase-induced liver *** data suggest that PeG-ASNase-induced liver injury is due to drug-induced lipolysis and lipid redistribution to the liver.

关键词： Liver injury Leukemia Asparaginase Lipolysis Adverse drug reaction Adipose tissue Hepatic steatosis Amino acid response