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Sarcopenic obesity in patients awaiting liver transplant: Unique challenges for nutritional recommendations

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 40-47页

作者： Darya m Herscovici Katherine m Cooper Alessandro Colletta michelle Rightmyer Alexandra Shingina lauren D Feld Department of medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Transplant Nutrition UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Department of medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37215United States Division of Gastroenterology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States

Sarcopenic obesity increases the risk of mortality in patients with liver disease awaiting liver transplantation and in the post-transplant period.Nutrition recommendations for individuals with sarcopenia differ from recommendations for patients with obesity or sarcopenic obesity.While these nutrition guidelines have been established in non-cirrhotic patients,established guidelines for liver transplant candidates with sarcopenic obesity are lacking.In this paper,we review existing literature on sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic liver disease and address opportunities to improve nutritional counseling in patients awaiting liver transplantation.

关键词： Nutrition Sarcopenia Sarcopenic obesity Liver transplant Cirrhosis Chronic liver disease Body composition myostatin

A rat model of multicompartmental traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock induces bone marrow dysfunction and profound anemia

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Animal models and Experimental medicine 2024年第3期7卷 367-376页

作者： lauren S.Kelly Jennifer A.munley Erick E.Pons Kolenkode B.Kannan Elizabeth m.Whitley Letitia E.Bible Philip A.Efron Alicia m.mohr Department of Surgery and Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA Pathogenesis LLCGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Background:Severe trauma is associated with systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction.Preclinical rodent trauma models are the mainstay of postinjury research but have been criticized for not fully replicating severe human trauma.The aim of this study was to create a rat model of multicompartmental injury which recreates profound traumatic injury.methods:male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock(LCHS),multicompartmental polytrauma(PT)(unilateral lung contusion,hemorrhagic shock,cecectomy,bifemoral pseudofracture),or na?ve controls.Weight,plasma toll-l ike receptor 4(TLR4),hemoglobin,spleen to body weight ratio,bone marrow(Bm)erythroid progenitor(CFU-GEmm,BFU-E,and CFU-E)growth,plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and right lung histologic injury were assessed on day 7,with significance defined as p valuesma resulted in markedly more profound inhibition of weight gain compared to LCHS(p=0.0002)along with elevated plasma TLR4(pmoglobin(pmonstrated suppression of CFU-E and BFU-E growth compared to na?ve(pma G-CSF was elevated in PT compared to both na?ve and LCHS(pmonstrated significant histologic right lung injury with poor alveolar wall integrity and interstitial edema.Conclusions:multicompartmental injury as described here establishes a reproducible model of multicompartmental injury with worsened anemia,splenic tissue enlargement,weight loss,and increased inflammatory activity compared to a less severe model.This may serve as a more effective model to recreate profound traumatic injury to replicate the human inflammatory response postinjury.

关键词： anemia i nflammation polytrauma pseudofracture shock

SARS-CoV-2 triggers Dickkopf-1(Dkk-1)modulation of T helper cells and lung pathology in mice

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 9-12页

作者： Yifan Wu Freedom m.Green Stephen A.Shaw lauren J.Bonilla Shannon E.Ronca maria Elena Bottazzi Farrah Kheradmand Jill E.Weatherhead Department of Pathology&Immunology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pediatrics One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA National School of Tropical medicine One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA molecular Virology&microbiology One Baylor PlazaHoustonTX77030USA Biologyof Inflammation Center Baylor College of MedicineOne BaylorPlazaHoustonTX77030USA michael E.DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases HoustonTX 77030USA

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCov-2)is the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)pandemic.In viral infections like SARS-CoV-2,a robust anti-viral type 1 immune response,including upregulation of type 1 CD4+T helper cells(Th1),is required for effective viral clearance while minimizing end-organ pathology and collateral tissue damage.

关键词： pathology acute respiratory

cGmP signaling:a potential therapeutic target for neurodegeneration in glaucoma?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1267-1268页

作者： Joseph m.Holden lauren K.Wareham Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

Neurodegeneration of the central nervous system(CNS)underscores many of humanity’s most debilitating diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and multiple sclerosis.Recently,the nitric oxide-guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(NOGC-cGmP)signaling pathway has gained traction as a neuroprotective pathway in the CNS.As an extension of the CNS,the retina is also susceptible to neurodegeneration with age.The most prevalent optic neuropathy is glaucoma,the world’s leading cause of irreversible blindness,predicted to affect more than 112 million people worldwide by 2040(Calkins,2021).In glaucoma,vision loss occurs due to the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs),the output neurons of the retina,along with their axons which form the optic nerve(Wareham et al.,2022).Degeneration of RGCs leads to a characteristic pattern of scotopic visual field deficiencies that spread from one retinotopic sector to the next(Elze et al.,2015).Visual deficits are linked to increasing age and the sensitivity of RGCs to intraocular pressure(Calkins,2021).

关键词： glaucoma degeneration protective

Changes in physical activity,sedentary behavior,and self-reported cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic:A cross-sectional study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第6期12卷 653-663页

作者： Linda Trinh Allyson Tabaczynski Denise Bastas Alyssa R.Neville m.lauren Voss Alexis Whitehorn Faculty of Kinesiology&Physical Education University of TorontoTorontoOT M5S 2W6Canada

Background Physical activity(PA)and reductions in sedentary behavior(SED)may mitigate cancer-related cognitive impairment.The purpose of this study was to examine(a)the associations between changes in PA,SED,and cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic;and(b)clinical subgroups that moderate this association.methods A cross-sectional survey was administered online to adult cancer survivors globally between July and November of 2020.This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey examining changes in self-reported PA and quality of life in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Self-reported Questionnaires assessed moderate-to-vigorous PA(mVPA)using the modified Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire,cognitive function using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function(FACT-Cog)scale,and SED using the Domain-specific Sitting Time questionnaire.Cancer survivors were classified into no change in behavior,desirable change(i.e.,increase mVPA to meet PA guidelines or decrease SED by≥60 min/day),and undesirable change(i.e.,decrease mVPA tomin/week or increase SED by≥60 min/day).Analysis of covariance examined differences in FACT-Cog scores across the activity change categories.Planned contrasts compared differences in FACT-Cog scores between cancer survivors with(a)no meaningful change vs.any change,and(b)a desirable change vs.an undesirable change.Results There were no significant differences in FACT-Cog scores across activity-change categories in the full sample of cancer survivors(n=371;age=48.6±15.3 years(mean±SD)).However,cancer survivors who were diagnosed≥5 years ago(t(160)=–2.15,p=0.03)or who received treatment≥5 years ago(t(102)=–2.23,p=0.03)and who had a desirable change in activity reported better perceived cognitive abilities than those who had an undesirable change.Conclusion PA promotion efforts should consider reducing SED in addition to maintaining mVPA in long-term cancer survivors to miti

关键词： Cancer-related cognitive impairment Cancer survivorship Exercise Sedentary time

Social learning in nest-building birds watching live-streaming video demonstrators

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 204-213页

作者： lauren m.GUILLETTE Susan D.HEALY School of Biology University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUK

Determining the role that social learning plays in construction behaviors,such as nest building or tool manufacture,could be improved if more experimental control could be gained over the exact public information that is provided by the demonstrator,to the observing individual.Using video playback allows the experimenter to choose what information is provided but will only be useful in determining the role of social learning if observers attend to,and learn from,videos in a manner that is similar to live demonstration.The goal of the current experiment was to test whether live-streamed video presentations of nest building by zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata would lead observers to copy the material choice demonstrated to them.Here,males that had not previously built a nest were given an initial preference test between materials of 2 colors.Those observers then watched live-stream footage of a familiar demonstrator building a nest with material of the color that the observer did not prefer.After this experience,observers were given the chance to build a nest with materials of the 2 colors.Although two-thirds of the observer males preferred material of the demonstrated color after viewing the demonstrator build a nest with material of that color more than they had previously,their preference for the demonstrated material was not as strong as that of observers that had viewed live demonstrator builders in a previous experiment.Our results suggest researchers should proceed with caution before using video demonstration in tests of social learning.

关键词： construction behavior copying nest social learning video playback zebra finch

Underlying solvent-based factors that influence permanent porosity in porous liquids

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Nano Research 2022年第4期15卷 3533-3538页

作者： Hamidreza mahdavi Huacheng Zhang lauren K.macreadie Cara m.Doherty Durga Acharya Stefan J.DSmith Xavier mulet matthew R.Hill Department of Chemical Engineering Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3800Australia CSIRO manufacturing Private Bag 10Clayton SouthVIC 3169Australia School of Chemistry University of SydneySydney 2006Australia

Porous liquids(PLs)offer the potential to combine the ready handling and mature industry status of liquid absorbents,with the high permanent porosity of metal organic frameworks.To be functional,these nanocomposites need to satisfy a number of performance parameters,such as stability and viscosity of the porogen-solvent combination,avoiding solvent penetration into metal organic framework(mOF)pores,suitable capacities,and kinetics for gas sorption.In this work,we systematically investigate the component materials to elucidate the parametric space where stable photoluminescence(PL)can be generated.In this situation,deeper conclusions were able to be drawn with regard to the influence of hydrophobicity/philicity on the properties of the resulting nanocomposites.Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)were combined with a range of solvents varying in steric bulk,to deliver CO_(2)sorption capacities as high as 4.2 mmol·g^(-1)at 10 bar.These findings may have broader implications for future investigations of this tantalising field of nanocomposites.

关键词： zeolitic imidazolate frameworks porous liquids permanent porosity gas sorption

Supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal integrity and systemic immunity

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 802-815页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Yijie He Cynthia Jinno lauren Kovanda Xunde Li David Bravo Eric Cox Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA School of Veterinary medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Pancosma ADm 1180 RolleSwitzerland Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium

Background:There is a great demand for antibiotic alternatives to maintain animal health and productivity.The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation of a blood group A6 type 1antigen oligosaccharides-based polymer(Coligo)on growth performance,diarrhea severity,intestinal health,and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC),when compared with antibiotics.Results:Pigs in antibiotic carbadox or Coligo treatment groups had greater(Pmentation of antibiotics or Coligo enhanced(Pm d 0 to 5 PI and reduced(Pment,compared with pigs in the control group.Supplementation of antibiotics reduced(Pmolytic coliforms on d 2,5,and 8 PI.Pigs in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(Pm haptoglobin concentration compared to pigs in the control group on d 2 and 5 PI.Pigs in Coligo had reduced(Pms in mesenteric lymph nodes on d 5 and 11 PI,whereas pigs in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(Pms in spleen on d 11 PI compared with pigs in the control group.On d 5 PI,pigs in the Coligo group had greater(Pmucosa,but less(Pm RNA expression of IL1B,IL6,and TNF in ileal mucosa,in comparison with pigs in the control group.Supplementation of antibiotics enhanced(Pmucosa but decreased(Pmucosa,compared with the control.On d 11 PI,supplementation of antibiotics or Coligo up-regulated(Pmucosa,but Coligo reduced(Pmucosa compared to pigs in the control group.Conclusions:Supplementation of Coligo improved growth performance,alleviated diarrhea severity,and enhanced gut heal

关键词： Enterotoxigenic E.coli Growth rate Intestinal barrier function Oligosaccharide-based polymer Systemic immunity Weaned pigs

Sex,size,and prey caloric value affect diet specialization and consumption of an invasive prey by a native predator

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 499-507页

作者： lauren E.HOSTERT lauren m.PINTOR James E.BYERS School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Odum School of Ecology University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA

Escaping the control of natural enemies is thought to heavily influence the establishment success and impact of non-native species.Here,we examined how the profitability of alternative prey in combination with the presence of a competitor and predator aggressive behavior explain individual differences in diet specialization and the consumption of the invasive green porcelain crab Petrolisthes armatus by the native mud crab predator Panopeus herbstii.Results from bomb calorimetry estimates show that invasive P.armatus has high caloric value relative to alternative native prey.Laboratory assays indicated that specialization and consumption of invasive P.armatus was mostly exhibited by large,female P.herbstii,but the presence of a competitor and predator aggressiveness did not influence diet and the consumption of P.armatus.Thus,intrinsic factors(e.g.,sex and body size)seem to explain consumption of P.armatus ar\6 dietary specialization in P.herbstii,more generally.Although there are still many predator individuals that do not consume P.armatus,the proportion of individuals that have begun to specialize on P.armatus suggests that for some,it has become more profitable relative to alternative native prey.Given the high caloric value of P.armatus,we suggest that it is likely that differences in the cost of its consumption,including attack,capture,and handling times relative to alternative prey,determine its net profitability to individual predators.

关键词： diet breadth optimal foraging theory enemy escape hypothesis competition aggressive behavior