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Guiding phosphorus stewardship for multiple ecosystem services

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第12期2卷 29-41页

作者： Graham K.MacDonald Helen P.Jarvie Paul J.A.Withers Donnacha G.Doody Bonnie L.Keeler Philip M.Haygarth laura t.johnson Richard W.McDowell Michael K.Miyittah Stephen M.Powers Andrew N.Sharpley Jianbo Shen Douglas R.Smith Michael N.Weintraub tiequan Zhang Department of Geography McGill University805 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebec H3A 0B9 Canada Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford OX108BB UK School of Environment Natural Resources and GeographyBangor UniversityBangor LL572UW UK Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT95PX UK Institute on the Environment University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota 55108 USA Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQ UK National Center for Water Quality Research Heidelberg University310 East Market StreetTiffinOhio 44883 USA Invermay Agricultural Centre AgResearchPrivate Bag 50034Mosgiel 9011 New Zealand Soil and Physical Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life SciencesLincoln UniversityPO Box 84Lincoln 7647 New Zealand Department of Environmental Sciences University of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana Center for Environmental Research Educationand Outreach(CEREO)Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164 USA Division of Agriculture Department of CropSoiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701 USA Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Department of Plant NutritionMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193 China Grassland Soil and Water Research LaboratoryUSDA-ARS808 East Blackland RoadTempleTexas 76502 USA Department of Environmental Sciences University of ToledoToledoOhio 43606 USA Harrow Research and Development Center Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaHarrowOntario N0R 1G0 Canada

the essential role of phosphorus(P)for agriculture and its impact on water quality has received decades of research ***,the benefits of sustainable P use and management for society due to its downstream impacts on multiple ecosystem services are rarely *** propose a conceptual framework-the“phosphorus-ecosystem services cascade”(PESC)-to integrate the key ecosystem processes and functions that moderate the relationship between P released to the environment from human actions and ecosystem services at distinct spatial and temporal *** pathways in the cascade via soil and aquatic processes link anthropogenic P to biodiversity and multiple services,including recreation,drinking water provision,and *** anthropogenic P cascades through catchments,it often shifts from a subsidy to a stressor of ecosystem *** stewardship can have emergent ecosystem service co-benefits due to synergies with other societal or management goals(e.g.,recycling of livestock manures and organic wastes could impact soil carbon storage).Applying the PESC framework,we identify key research priorities to align P stewardship with the management of multiple ecosystem services,such as incorporating additional services into agri-environmental P indices,assessing how widespread recycling of organic P sources could differentially impact agricultural yields and water quality,and accounting for shifting baselines in P stewardship due to climate ***,P impacts depend on site-specific agricultural and biogeophysical contexts,so greater precision in targeting stewardship strategies to specific locations would help to optimize for ecosystem services and to more effectively internalize the downstream costs of farm nutrient management.

关键词： agriculture ecosystem services phosphorus sustainability water quality

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Beginning from the end:the presynaptic terminal as a pathomechanism hub in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3217-3218页

作者： laura Huggon Emma L.Clayton UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College London LondonUK Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry Psychology&NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK

Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:Frontotemporal dementia(F t D)and amyo t rophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are neurodegenerative diseases with significant overlapping *** these neurodegenerative diseases affect different neuronal populations(with FtD affecting neurons of the frontal and temporal lobes,and ALS affecting upper and lower motor neurons),these two diseases are complexly *** and ALS exist on a disease spectrum,with shared genetic causes,clinical presentations,and pathologies.

关键词： diseases amyotrophic sclerosis

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Risk of post-operative complications associated with anti-tNF therapy in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第3期18卷 197-204页

作者： tauseef Ali laura Yun David t Rubin University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center & VA Medical Center. Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of Chicago Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center

there have been increasing concerns regarding the safety of perioperative anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-tNF) α agents. We performed a literature review to evaluate the post-operative complications associated with perioperative anti-tNF use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A comprehensive review was performed with a literature search utilizing Pub Med, Cochrane, OVID and EMBASE databases according to published guidelines. to date, there are only data for infliximab. there are three published studies which have assessed post-operative complications with perioperative infliximab use in patients with Crohn' s disease (CD), four studies in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and one study on both CD and UC patients. two out of the three studies in CD patients showed no increased post-operative complications associated with perioperative infliximab. two out of four studies in UC patients also did not show an increase in post-operative complications, and the combined study with CD and UC patients did not show an increased risk as well. Studyresults could not be combined secondary to significant differences in study designs, patient population and definition of their endpoints. there appears to be a risk of post-operative complications associated with tNF therapy in some patients. Based on these data, careful patient selection and prospective data collection should be performed.

关键词： Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Colectomy Post-operative complications

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themis releases the brakes on tCR signaling during thymocyte selection by disabling SHP-1

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第9期14卷 724-726页

作者： laura Patrussi Cosima t Baldari Department of Life Sciences University of SienaSiena 53100Italy

In this issue of Nature Immunology,Choi and colleagues1 identify a key function of the t cell-specific protein thymocyte-expressed molecule involved in selection(tHEMIS)in t cell *** demonstrate that the two structural CABIt(cysteine-containing all beta in tHEMIS)modules contained in this protein are able to directly bind to the phosphotyrosine-phosphatase(PtP)domain of SHP-1(Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1)and inhibit its phosphatase activity by increasing the susceptibility of its catalytic site to oxidation.

关键词： development. release susceptibility

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Anti-inflammatory pathways and alcoholic liver disease: Role of an adiponectin/interleukin-10/heme oxygenase-1 pathway

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第11期16卷 1330-1336页

作者： Palash Mandal Michele t Pritchard laura E Nagy Department of Pathobiology and Gastroenterology Cleveland ClinicLerner Research Institute/NE-40

the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a complex process involving both the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in the liver. Enhanced inflammation in the liver during ethanol exposure is an important contributor to injury. Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages in liver, are particularly critical to the onset of ethanol-induced liver injury. Chronic ethanol exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharide via toll-like receptor 4. this sensitization enhances production of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and reactive oxygen species, that contribute to hepatocyte dysfunction, necrosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Impaired resolution of the inflammatory process probably also contributes to ALD. the resolution of inflammation is an active, highly coordinated response that can potentially be manipulated via therapeutic interventions to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have identif ied an adiponectin/interleukin-10/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway that is profoundly effective in dampening the enhanced activation of innate immune responses in primary cultures of Kupffer cells, as well as in an in vivo mouse model of chronic ethanol feeding. Importantly, induction of HO-1 also reduces ethanol-induced hepatocellular apoptosis in this in vivo model. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the development of therapeutic agents to regulate HO-1 and its downstream targets could be useful in enhancing the resolution of inflammation during ALD and preventing progression of early stages of liver injury.

关键词： Liver disease Alcohol Macrophages Hemeoxygenase-1 Inflammation

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Paradoxical embolus straddling patent foramen ovale demonstrated by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第3期1卷 108-110页

作者： laura Cormack John t Murchison Department of Radiology Edinburgh Royal InfirmaryEdinburgh EH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

An elderly gentleman presented to the emergency department with a recent history of dyspnoea, collapse and transient neurological symptoms. He was noted to be hypoxic with a significantly elevated D Dimer. A computer tomography pulmonary angiogram demonstrated a large embolus with a further filling defects within the left and the right atria, abutting the interatrial septum. Suspicion of a paradoxical pulmonary embolus was raised and the patient subsequently underwent echocardiography which confirmed a patent foramen ovale(PFO). He was commenced on warfarin therapy. In patients with elevated right heart pressure, a PFO can be unmasked and give rise to cerebral emboli. Clinical suspicion should be raised in patients with pulmonary emboli or deep venous thrombosis if there is a concomitant history of focal neurological symptoms.

关键词： Pulmonary embolus Paradoxical embolus Computer tomography pulmonary angiogram Patent foramen ovale Stroke

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Social-ecological correlates of fundamental movement skills in young children

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第2期8卷 122-129页

作者： Nan Zeng Susan L.johnson Richard E.Boles laura L.Bellows Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Colorado State University Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

Purpose: to identify the social-ecological correlates associated with fundamental movement skills at the child, family, and environment levels in young ***: Preschool children from 4 Colorado Head Start/preschool centers were recruited from 2010 to 2012. two hundred twenty-eight children(128 girls; age = 56.08 § 4.09 months; body mass index(BMI) z-score = 0.53 § 1.12(mean § SD); 42.1% Hispanic/Latino) and 159 families were included in the final analysis. Children's perceived competence and fundamental movement skills were assessed via the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance and the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency, 2 nd edition. Data on the number of children in the family, parent age, BMI, education, employment status, family income, perception of child coordination, and home physical activity environment were collected via a questionnaire. Linear regressions adjusted for child BMI, age, sex, and school site were performed at each ***: Child perceived cognitive competence was positively associated with locomotor skills(p = 0.04; adjusted R2= 0.035) and object-control skills(p = 0.003; adjusted R2= 0.083) at the child level. Parent education, BMI, and perception of child coordination were positively associated with locomotor skills and explained 8.8% of variance, but only parent education was significant(p = 0.04) at the family level. In addition, physical environment was positively associated with locomotor skills(p = 0.02) and explained 5.5% of variance at the environment ***: Social-ecological correlates associated with young children's fundamental movement skills are multidimensional and differ according to skill category at the child, family, and environment levels.

关键词： Activity environment Fundamental movement skills Parent education Perceived cognitive competence Preschool children

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Diagnosis in bile acid-CoA:Amino acid N-acyltransferase deficiency

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第25期18卷 3322-3326页

作者： Nedim Hadzi laura N Bull Peter t Clayton AS Knisely Paediatric Liver Service and Institute of Liver Studies King's College HospitalLondon SE5 9RSUnited Kingdom Liver Center Laboratory University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94110United States Biochemistry Research Group Clinical and Molecular Genetics UnitUniversity College London Institute of Child HealthLondon WC1 N1EHUnited Kingdom Institute of Liver Studies King's College HospitalLondon SE5 9RSUnited Kingdom

Cholate-CoA ligase （,EEL） and bile acid-CoA： amino acid N-acyltransferase （BAAt） sequentially mediate bile-acid amidation. Defects can cause intrahepatic cholestasis. Distinction has required gene sequencing. We assessed potential clinical utility of immunostaining of liver for CCL and BAAt. Using commercially available antibodies against BAAt and CCL, we immunostained liver from an infant with jaundice, deficiency of amidated bile acids, and transcription-terminating mutation in BAAt. CCL was normally expressed. BAAt expression was not de- tected. Immunostaining may facilitate diagnosis in bile- acid amidation defects.

关键词： Amidation Bile acid-CoA Amino acid N-ac- yltransferase Cholate-CoA ligase, Cholestasis Conjuga-tion Electrospray ionisation-mass spectroscopy Immu-nohistochemistry Liver Neonatal hepatitis SIC27A5 transmission electron microscopy

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Autoimmune liver disease and the Canadian First Nations Aboriginal Communities of British Columbia's Pacific Northwest

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第23期12卷 3625-3627页

作者： Eric M Yoshida Mark Riley laura t Arbour Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Medical Genetics the University of British Columbia. Vancouver BC Canada

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a well-known but uncommon chronic liver disease that is presumed to be of autoimmune etiology. Recently, investigations in British Columbia (BC), a province of Canada situated along the Pacific North-West of North America, have suggested that PBC is not a rare disease amongst BC's Aboriginal (i.e. First Nations) communities. Geographically, BC is adjacent to South East Alaska, an American state that has also reported an increased prevalence of PBC amongst its Aboriginal communities. In this article, the medical evidence supporting a hypothesis of increased risk of PBC amongst BC's First Nations communities is reviewed. Evidence suggesting that autoimmune hepatitis is also more likely amongst BC's First Nations communities is also presented.

关键词： Primary biliary cirrhosis Aboriginal FirstNations British Columbia

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MicroRNA-135a Modulates Hepatitis C Virus Genome Replication through Downregulation of Host Antiviral Factors

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第2期34卷 197-210页

作者： Catherine Sodroski Brianna Lowey laura Hertz t.Jake Liang Qisheng Li Liver Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health

Cellular microRNAs(miRNAs) have been shown to modulate HCV infection via directly acting on the viral genome or indirectly through targeting the virus-associated host factors. Recently we generated a comprehensive map of HCV–miRNA interactions through genome-wide miRNA functional screens and transcriptomics analyses. Many previously unappreciated cellular miRNAs were identified to be involved in HCV infection, including miR-135a, a human cancerrelated miRNA. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-135a in regulating HCV life cycle and showed that it preferentially enhances viral genome replication. Bioinformatics-based integrative analyses and subsequent functional assays revealed three antiviral host factors, including receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2(RIPK2), myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MYD88), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12), as bona fide targets of miR-135a. these genes have been shown to inhibit HCV infection at the RNA replication stage. Our data demonstrated that repression of key host restriction factors mediated the proviral effect of miR-135a on HCV propagation. In addition,miR-135a hepatic abundance is upregulated by HCV infection in both cultured hepatocytes and human liver, likely mediating a more favorable environment for viral replication and possibly contributing to HCV-induced liver *** results provide novel insights into HCV–host interactions and unveil molecular pathways linking miRNA biology to HCV pathogenesis.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Genome replication Virus-host interactions miR-135a Antiviral factors

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