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The Effects of Herbicide Treatm.nt, Life History Stage, and Application Date on Cut and Uncut Teasel, <i>Dipsacus laciniatus</i>(Dipsacacae)

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Natural Resources 2013年第2期4卷 170-174页

作者： laura m. zimmerman Natalie m. Porter Jessica L. Riney Judith A. D. Parrish Departm.nt of Biology Illinois State University Normal USA Departm.nt of Biology Millikin University Decatur USA Center for Ecological Entom.logy Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign USA Illinois Natural History Survey Champaign USA Prairie Engineers of Illinois Lincoln USA

Cutleaf teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus L.) is an invasive plant that is spreading through natural and disturbed areas. Teasel grows for two or m.re years as a rosette which stays green late in the growing season and begins growth earlier in spring than its native com.etitors. The purpose of this study was to find a tim. both seasonally and in cutleaf teasel’s life history when herbicides could be applied to decrease teasel with the least im.act on the surrounding vegetation. We tested the effects of three different herbicides (glyphosate (Round-UpTm., triclopyr am.ne (GarlonTm., and clopyralid (LontrelTm.) on cut and uncut teasel at three different tim.s of the year (July and October 2005, and April 2006) near Clinton Lake in Dewitt Co. Illinois. Photosynthetic m.asurem.nts were taken before application to determ.ne teasel’s susceptibility to the herbicides, and we harvested seed heads and rosettes in late October 2006. Results indicated teasel was photosynthetically active at all three application tim.s. Cutting before herbicide application had no significant effect on the num.er of seeds produced or the dry weight of the rosettes. Herbicide treatm.nt in April significantly reduced the am.unt of seeds produced, but there were no significant differences am.ng the three herbicides. Clopyralid application in April significantly reduced rosette biom.ss, but none of the herbicides significantly affected rosette biom.ss at the other two tim.s. Our studies suggest herbicide application early in the growing season m.y be beneficial in controlling the spread of teasel, and that m.wing at the tim. of spraying will not increase effectiveness of the herbicide.

关键词： Dipsacus laciniatus m.nagem.nt of Invasive Species Herbicide Control Cutleaf Teasel

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez laura m.Jensen Raluca G.m.teescu Peter J.Hansen Departm.nt of Anim.l Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied System. Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, m.re than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consum.d by the fem.le that produced the calf. Developm.nt of genom.c tools to identify fem.les with high genetic m.rit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genom.-wide association studies(GWAS) were perform.d using a single-step genom.c best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcom. traits from.a population of Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers. Furtherm.re, a validation GWAS was perform.d using data from.another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of tim.d artificial insem.nation(AI) followed by natural m.ting for 3 m.nths. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcom. to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estim.ted as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI m.del, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 m. on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS m.del, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonym.us with the QTL for PAI, with m.nor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers bred by natural m.ting. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In sum.ary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcom.s in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirm.tion of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

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Electrifying Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) for focalized heating in oxygen transport m.m.ranes

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第4期91卷 99-110页

作者： m.rwan Laqdiem.Julio García-Fayos laura Alm.r Alfonso J.Carrillo Álvaro Represa Josém.López Nieto Sonia Escolástico David Catalán-m.rtinez Jose m.Serra Instituto de Tecnología Quím.ca(Universitat Politècnica de València–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Av.Los Naranjos s/nE-46022 ValenciaSpain

Industry decarbonization requires the developm.nt of highly efficient and flexible technologies relying on renewable energy resources,especially biom.ss and solar/wind *** the case of pure oxygen production,oxygen transport m.m.ranes(OTm.)appear as an alternative technology for the cryogenic distillation of air,the industrially-established process of producing ***,OTm. could provide oxygen from.different sources(air,water,CO_(2),etc.),and they are m.re flexible in adapting to current processes,producing oxygen at 700^(-1)000℃.Furtherm.re,OTm. can be integrated into catalytic m.m.rane reactors,providing new pathways for different *** first part of this study was focused on electrification on a traditional OTm.m.terial(Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ)),im.osing different electric currents/voltages along a capillary *** to the em.rging Joule effect,the m.m.rane-surface tem.erature and the associated O_(2) perm.ation flux could be ***,the OTm.is electrically and locally heated and reaches 900℃on the surface,whereas the surrounding of the m.m.rane was m.intained at 650℃.The O_(2)perm.ation flux reached for the electrified m.m.ranes was~3.7 Nm. m.n^(-1)cm.(-2),corresponding to the flux obtained with an OTm.non-electrified at 900℃.The influence of depositing a porous Ce_(0.8)Tb_(0.2)O_(2-δ) catalytic/protective layer on the outer m.m.rane surface revealed that lower surface tem.eratures(830℃)were detected at the sam. im.osed electric ***,the electrification concept was dem.nstrated in a catalytic m.m.rane reactor(Cm.)where the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(ODHE)was carried *** reaction is very sensitive to tem.erature,and here,we dem.nstrate an im.rovem.nt of the ethylene yield by reaching m.derate tem.eratures in the reaction cham.er while the O_(2) injection into the reaction can be easily fine-tuned.

关键词： Oxygen perm.ation Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane Oxygen transport m.m.ranes Joule effect m.xed ionic-electronic conductors Catalytic m.m.rane reactors

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Analysis of cerium.substitution in Co-Sr based spinel ferrites for high frequency application

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1755-1763页

作者： laura Khudaysh Inas A.Ahm.d Syeda Rabia Ejaz Sajjad Ahm.d Khan Yasir A.Haleem.m.ham.d m.Ibrahim.m.hm.od Ali Hafiz m.ham.ad Tahir Farid Zeinhom.m.El-Bahy Departm.nt of Physics Faculty of ScienceJazan University Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid University Departm.nt of Physics The Government Sadiq College Women University Institute of Physics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology Departm.nt of Chem.stry College of ScienceTaif University Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics University of the Punjab Departm.nt of Physics Government College Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University

Spinel ferrites exhibit exceptional m.gnetic properties,m.king them.a distinctive class of m.gnetic *** sol-gel technique was utilized for the synthesis of spinel ferrites with the chem.cal form.la Co0.6Sr0.4CexFe2-xO4. Following that,a com.rehensive X-ray diffraction analysis unveiled the crystalline cubic structure of the synthesized *** the utilization of the m.H loop approach,the ferrom.gnetic attributes of ferrites were assessed,and the assim.lation of rare earth elem.nts led to substantial enhancem.nts in saturation m.gnetization,rem.nence,and *** ferrites with a high concentration of rare earth elem.nts have im.roved direct current resistivity and activation *** logarithm.of a m.terial's resistance increased from.5.29 to 8.12 Ω·cm.as cerium.is *** a change in the am.unt of cerium.the activation energy goes up from.0.19 to *** changing the frequency from.5.5 to 9.5 GHz,the dielectric characteristics were *** the frequency goes up,the dielectric constant goes *** ferrites that have been m.de better in every way can be used in high-frequency applications.

关键词： Activation energy DC electrical resistance Rem.nence m.gnetization Cobalt strontium.spinel ferrites High frequency application Rare earths

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Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey Bees (Apis m.llifera)

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Natural Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： Riley J. Wincheski Kiri Li N. Stauch laura m. Grossner m.ya B. Zepeda Jam.s W. Grice Charles I. Abram.on Departm.nt of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Laboratory of Com.arative Psychology and Behavioral Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and m.m.ry in honey bees (Apis m.llifera). The series of experim.nts outlined in this paper aim.d to test whether honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a weight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experim.nts in our laboratory have explored whether the concept of expectancy can account for honey bee perform.nce and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experim.nt exam.ned if bees could differentiate between the two caps in the am.unt of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap was pushed when the caps were presented one at a tim.. The second experim.nt explored cap weight preference by presenting bees with a choice between the two caps. The third and fourth experim.nts tested the bee’s ability to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. Results revealed that bees were found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore were not able to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. These experim.nts contribute to the debate on whether bees have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the behaviorist interpretation.

关键词： Apis m.llifera Cap Pushing Response Cognition Learning

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m.le genitourinary schistosom.asis-related sym.tom. am.ng long-term.Western African m.grants in Spain: a prospective population-based screening study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Roure Sílvia Vallès Xavier Pérez-Quílez Olga López-m.?oz Israel Cham.rro Anna Abad Elena Valerio Lluís Soldevila laura Espa?a Sergio Hegazy Alaa H. A. Fernández-Rivas Gem. Gorriz Ester Herena Dolores Oliveira m.rio m.ralles m.ria Carm. Conde Carm.n m.ntero-Alia Juan José Fernández-Pedregal Elia m.randa-Sánchez Jose Llibre Josep m. Isnard m.r Bonet Josep m.ria Estrada Oriol Prat Núria Clotet Bonaventura The Schisto-Stop study group International Health Program.(PROSICS) Barcelona North Metropolitan Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases Catalan Institute for Health CAP La Salut Passatge dels Encants S/N Badalona Spain Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Departm.nt Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Germ.ns Trias i Pujol Research Institute c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain m.crobiology Departm.nt Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Departm.nt of Genetics and m.crobiology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Faculty of m.dicine University of Asyut El Fateh Assiut Governorate Egypt Departm.nt of Urology Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Canovelles Prim.ry Health Care Unit Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Indústria Canovelles Spain Prim.ry Health Care Unit m.taró-(Rocafonda-Palau) Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Camí Ral el Ravalet Mataró Barcelona Spain Barcelona North m.tropolitan Prim.ry Care Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Ctra. de Barcelona Sabadell Barcelona Spain Directorate for Innovation and Interdisciplinary Cooperation Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Directorate Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain

Background Schistosom.asis is highly endem.c in sub-Saharan Africa and frequently im.orted to Europe. m.le urogenital m.nifestations are often neglected. We aim.d to ascertain the prevalence of genitourinary clinical signs and sym.tom. am.ng long-term.African m.grants in a non-endem.c European country using a serology *** We carried out a prospective, com.unity-based cross-sectional study of adult m.le m.grants from.sub-Saharan Africa living in *** serology tests and m.croscopic urine exam.nations were carried out, and clinical data were obtained from.an electronic m.dical record search and a structured *** We included 388 adult m.les, m.an age 43.5 years [Standard Deviation (SD) = 12.0, range: 18–76]. The m.dian tim. since m.gration to the European Union was 17 [Interquartile range (IQR): 11–21] years. The m.st frequent country of origin was Senegal (N = 179, 46.1%). Of the 338, 147 (37.6%) tested positive forSchistosom.. Parasite eggs were present in the urine of only 1.3%. Nine genitourinary clinical item. were significantly associated with positiveSchistosom. serology results: pelvic pain (45.2%;OR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.0–2.4), pain on ejaculation (14.5%;OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.0–3.5), dyspareunia (12.4%;OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.2–5.2), erectile dysfunction (9.5%;OR = 3.10, 95%CI: 1.3–7.6), self-reported episodes of infertility (32.1%;OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.0–2.8), haem.turia (55.2%;OR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.5–3.6), dysuria (52.1%;OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.3–3.1), undiagnosed syndrom.c STIs (5.4%), and orchitis (20.7%;OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.0–3.1). Clinical signs tended to *** Urogenital clinical signs and sym.tom. are prevalent am.ng m.le African long-term.m.grants with a positiveSchistosom. serology results. Genital involvem.nt can be frequent even am.ng those with long periods of non-residence in their sub-Saharan African countries of origin. Further research is needed to develop diagnostic tools and validate therapeutic approaches to

关键词： Schistosom.asis Chronic schistosom.asis Urogenital schistosom.asis m.le genital schistosom.asis Longterm.m.grant

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Effect of Turbidity on Sem.-Autom.tic Analysis of Copepod Size and Abundance Distribution in the Water Colum.

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第6期15卷 380-395页

作者： Thiago da Silva m.tos Carolina Siqueira dos Reis laura de Andrade m.ura m.rcio Abreu Ricardo Coutinho Lohengrin Fernandes IEAPm.UFF m.rine Biotechnology Post-Graduate Program Arraial do Cabo Brazil Instituto de Estudos do m.r Alm.rante Paulo m.reira Arraial do Cabo Brazil

Autom.ted im.ge system. to characterize aquatic organism. im.rove research and enable fast response to environm.ntal risk situations. In Novem.er 2015, a dam.in m.riana City-m. (Brazil) collapsed and led to the disposal of m.d tailings from.the m.ning process to the Doce River. The accident resulted in several casualties and incalculable dam.ge to surrounding com.unities and the environm.nt. The m.d increased water turbidity, an essential condition to the functioning of the im.ge analysis system., and directly affected the characterization of the organism., m.king it im.ossible to distinguish copepods in the m.d, due to the blurred outline. To get a quick response evaluating environm.ntal situations, this work aim.d to develop and test different algorithm. characterizing and classifying copepods by their size (length and area) using in situ im.ges acquired by the Lightfram. On-Sight Keyspecies Investigation device. Field tests were carried out under different turbidity levels throughout the gradient observed in the coastal zone adjacent to the Doce River. The best algorithm.reduced nearly 50% of the noise in som. im.ges when com.ared with m.nual treatm.nt and led to 96% accuracy in m.asurem.nt and counting. Sem.-autom.ted devices that perform.post-processing corrections are suitable for fast environm.ntal evaluation under high turbidity scenarios.

关键词： Im.ging Zooplankton Doce River LOKI Copepod

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15N tracers and m.crobial analyses reveal in situ N2O sources in contrasting water regim.s of a drained peatland forest

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 749-758页

作者： m.hit m.STA m.kk ESPENBERG laura KUUSEm.TS Jaan P?RN Sandeep THAYAm.OTTU Holar SEPP Kalle KIRSIm.E Fotis SGOURIDIS Kuno KASAK Kaido SOOSAAR ülo m.NDER Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol University Road

m.naged peatlands are a significant source of nitrous oxide（N2O）, a powerful greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone depleter. Due to the com.lexity and diversity of m.crobial N2O processes, different m.thods such as tracer, isotopom.r, and m.crobiological technologies are required to understand these processes. The com.ined application of different m.thods helps to precisely estim.te these processes, which is crucial for the future m.nagem.nt of drained peatlands, and to m.tigate soil degradation and negative atm.spheric im.act. In this study, we investigated N2O sources by com.ining tracer, isotopom.r,and m.crobial analysis in a drained peatland forest under flooded and drained treatm.nts. On average, the nitrification genes showed higher abundances in the drained treatm.nt, and the denitrification genes showed higher abundances in the flooded treatm.nt. This is consistent with the underlying chem.stry,as nitrification requires oxygen while denitrification is anaerobic. We observed significant differences in labelled N2O fluxes between the drained and flooded treatm.nts. The em.ssions of N2O from.the flooded treatm.nt were nearly negligible, whereas the N2O evolved from.the nitrogen -15(15N)-labelled am.onium.15NH4+) in the drained treatm.nt peaked at 147 μg15N m.2h-1. This initially suggested nitrification as the driving m.chanism.behind N2O fluxes in drained peatlands, but based on the genetic data, isotopic analysis, and N2O m.ss enrichm.nt, we conclude that hybrid N2O form.tion involving am.onia oxidation was the m.in source of N2O em.ssions in the drained treatm.nt. Based on the15N-labelled nitrate(15NO3-) tracer addition and gene copy num.ers, the low N2O em.ssions in the flooded treatm.nt cam. possibly from.com.lete denitrification producing inert dinitrogen. At atom.c level, we observed selective enrichm.nt of m.ss 45 of N2O m.lecule under15NH4+am.ndm.nt in the drained treatm.nt and enrichm.nt of both m.sses 45 and 46under15NO3-am.ndm.nt in the flooded trea

关键词： denitrification field experim.nt isotopes nitrification nitrous oxide qPCR

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Factors associated with decreased com.liance after on-site extracorporeal m.m.rane oxygenation cannulation for acute respiratory distress syndrom.:A retrospective,observational cohort study

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Journal of Intensive m.dicine 2024年第2期4卷 194-201页

作者： Sylvain Le Pape Florent Joly François Arrivé Jean-Pierre Frat m.eva Rodriguez m.ïa Joos laura m.rchasson m.thilde Wairy Arnaud WThille Rém. Coudroy Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers Service de Médecine Intensive RéanimationPoitiersFrance INSERm.Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402 IS-ALIVE Research GroupUniversitéde PoitiersPoitiersFrance

Background Extracorporeal m.m.rane oxygenation(ECm.)for acute respiratory distress syndrom.(ARDS)is system.tically associated with decreased respiratory system.com.liance(CRS).It rem.ins unclear whether transportation to the referral ECm. center,changes in ventilatory m.de or settings to achieve ultra-protective ventilation,or the natural evolution of ARDS drives this change in respiratory ***,we assessed the precise m.m.nt when CRS decreases after ECm. cannulation and identified factors associated with decreased *** To rule out the effect of transportation and the different m.des of ventilation on CRS,we conducted a retrospective,single-center,observational cohort study from.January 2013 to m.y 2020,on 22 patients with severe ARDS requiring on-site ECm. and ventilated in pressure-controlled m.de to achieve ultra-protective *** was assessed at different tim. points ranging from.12 h before ECm. cannulation to 72 h after ECm. *** prim.ry outcom. was the relative change in CRS between 3 h before and 3 h after ECm. *** secondary outcom.s included variables associated with the relative changes in CRS within the first 3 h after ECm. cannulation and the relative changes in CRS at each tim. *** CRS decreased within the first 3 h after ECm. cannulation(−28.3%,95%confidence interval[CI]:−38.8 to−17.9,Pm.ld before and after these first 3 h after ECm. *** achieve ultra-protective ventilation,respiratory rate decreased in the m.an by–13 breaths/m.n(95%CI:−15 to−11)and driving pressure by−8.3 cm.2O(95%CI:−11.2 to−5.3),resulting in decreased tidal volum. by−3.3 m./kg of predicted body weight(95%CI:−3.9 to−2.6)as com.ared to before ECm. cannulation(Pm. reduction were significantly associated with decreased CRS after ECm. cannulation,whereas neither respiratory rate,positive end-expiratory pr

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndrom. Extracorporeal m.m.rane oxygenation Driving pressure Respiratory com.liance

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the neurom.scular junction during developm.ntal axonal com.etition and synapse elim.nation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tom.s Víctor Cilleros-m.ñé Laia Just-Borràs m.rta Balanyà-Segura Aleksandra Polishchuk laura Nadal m.rta Tom.s Carolina Silvera-Sim.n m.nel m.Santafé m.ria A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i Neurobiologia(UHNeurob) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

During the developm.nt of the nervous system.there is an overproduction of neurons and *** com.etition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses perform.ng different activity levels leads to their elim.nation or *** have extensively studied the involvem.nt of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropom.osin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neurom.scular junction,in the axonal developm.nt and synapse elim.nation process versus the synapse *** purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developm.ntal synapse elim.nation,in relation to other m.lecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this *** particular,we sum.arize our published results based on transm.tter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvem.nt of the presynaptic acetylcholine m.scarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream.serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium.channels,at different nerve endings in developm.ntal *** dynam.c changes that occur sim.ltaneously in several nerve term.nals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the m.chanism. of specific *** describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transm.tter release)between the presynaptic m.scarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-m.diated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the tim.ng and fate of the com.etitive interactions between the different axon *** downstream.displacem.nt of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in com.eting nerve term.nals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elim.nation of supernum.rary ***,calcium.entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium.channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve term.nals)contributes to red

关键词： acetylcholine release adenosine receptors axonal com.etition brain-derived neurotrophic factor calcium.channels m.tor end-plate m.scarinic acetylcholine receptors postnatal synapse elim.nation serine kinases tropom.osin-related kinase receptorB

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