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Targeting collagen expression in alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第20期17卷 2473-2481页

作者： Kyle J Thompson Iain h McKillop laura W Schrum Department of General Sur gery Carolinas Medical Center Liver Digestive and Metabolic Disorder LaboratoryCarolinas Medical Center

Alcoholic liver disease （ALD） is a leading cause of liver disease and liver-related deaths globally, particularly in developed nations. Liver fibrosis is a consequence of ALD and other chronic liver insults, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma if left untreated. Liver fibrosis is characterized by accumulation of excess extracellular matrix components, including type I collagen, which disrupts liver microcirculation and leads to injury. To date, there is no therapy for the treatment of liver fibrosis; thus treatments that either prevent the accumulation of type I collagen or hasten its degradation are desirable. The focus of this review is to examine the regulation of type I collagen in fibrogenic cells of the liver and to discuss current advances in therapeutics to eliminate excessive collagen deposition.

关键词： Type I collagen Fibrosis Extracellular matrix hepatic stellate cell Alcohol Antioxidants Endoplasmic reticulum chaperones Matrix metalloproteinase microRNA

The potential of legume-derived proteins in the food industry

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2022年第4期5卷 167-178页

作者： Neta goldstein Ram Reifen The Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel

Legume-derived proteins present an opportunity to replace existing animal-source protein in various applications. Those proteins are abundant, relatively lowcost, sustainable, not highly allergenic, and widely acceptable by consumers. In this paper, it was found that legume-derived protein’s technofunctional properties(e.g. gelation, emulsification and foaming) are being investigated, in order to assess their ability to substitute for animal-derived proteins in food systems and applications. This paper reviewed the functional attributes of legume-derived proteins, their possible applications in food systems, and their potential in the food industry. The techno-functional properties of the proteins vary among different legumes, and while some proteins properties are sufficient for industrial uses, the other may need to be modified. It was concluded that legume-derived proteins could replace some existing animal-derived protein based food systems.

关键词： Legumes Plant protein Food industry Techno-functional properties Fat and protein composition

Using music to reduce anxiety among older adults in the emergency department:a randomized pilot study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第6期15卷 450-455页

作者： laura Belland laura Rivera-Reyes Ula hwang center for family medicine newyork-presbyterian/columbia university medical centerNew YorkNY 10032USA department of emergency medicine icahn school of medicine at mount sinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA geriatric research education and clinical centerjames j.peters vamcNew YorkNY 10029USA

BACKGROUND： An emergency department （ED） visit may be distressing and anxiety-provoking for older adults （age 〉 65 years）. No studies have specifically evaluated the effect of music listening on anxiety in older adults in the ED. OBJECTIVE： The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of music listening on anxiety levels in older ED patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： This was a randomized pilot study in the geriatric ED of an urban academic tertiary medical center. This was a sample of English-speaking adults （age 〉 65 years） who were not deaf （n = 35）. Subjects consented to participate and were randomized to receive up to 60 min of music listening with routine care, while the control group received routine care with no music. Subjects in the music treatment group received headphones and an electronic tablet with pre-downloaded music, and were allowed to choose from 5 selections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The primary outcome was change in anxiety levels, measured by the state- trait anxiety inventory （STAI）, at enrollment and 1 h later. RESULTS： A total of 35 participants were enrolled： 74% were female, 40% were white, and 40% were black; of these, 32 subjects completed the study protocol. When comparing control （n = 18） against intervention subjects （n = 17）, there were no significant differences in enrollment STAI scores （43.00 ± 15.00 vs. 40.30± 12.80, P = 0.57）. STAI scores 1 hour after enrollment （after the music intervention） were significantly reduced in the intervention subjects compared to the control subjects （with reduction of 10.00± 12.29 vs. 1.88 ± 7.97, P = 0.03）. CONCLUSION： These pilot results suggest that music listening may be an effective tool for reducing anxiety among older adults in the ED.

关键词： music anxiety emergency department randomized controlled trial

Mechanistic insights into the oxidation of catalytically relevant AgCu near-surface alloy interfaces

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Aggregate

Aggregate 2022年第4期3卷 101-107页

作者： laura A.Cramer Prashant Deshlahra E.Charles h.Sykes Department of Chemistry Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusettsUSA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusettsUSA

Recent heterogeneous catalysis studies have demonstrated that synergy between Ag and Cu can lead to more selective partial oxidation *** performed a series of scanning tunneling microscope experiments to gain a better understanding of the AgCu system under oxidative *** experiments were carried out by exposing sub-monolayer coverages of Ag on Cu(111),in the form of a near-surface alloy(NSA),to range of oxygen exposures and *** enabled us to study the initial stages of oxidation of well-defined Ag/Cu interfaces with atomic resolution and thereby understand the dynamic response of the AgCu NSA to oxygen *** low oxygen exposures,oxidation was observed on exposed Cu terraces and at the interface between the AgCu NSA and Cu(111).higher oxygen exposure led to the segregation of Cu atoms up through the Ag layer and the appearance of surface adsorbed *** phase segregation of Cu was then observed at higher oxygen exposures at elevated temperatures,evidenced by the formation of Cu oxide patches within and on the top of the Ag *** results provide a more detailed picture of how AgCu NSAs interact with,and restructure in response to,oxygen.

关键词： alloy bimetallic scanning tunneling microscopy segregation

Proximal gastric motility in critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第2期13卷 270-275页

作者： Nam Q Nguyen Robert J Fraser laura K Bryant Marianne Chapman Richard h holloway Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and General Medicine Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital South Australia Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia

AIM： To investigate the proximal gastric motor response to duodenal nutrients in critically ill patients with longstanding type 2 diabetes ***： Proximal gastric motility was assessed （using a barostat） in 10 critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （59±3 years） during two 60-min duodenal infusions of Ensure （1 and 2 kcal/min）, in random order, separated by 2h fasting. Data were compared with 15 non-diabetic critically ill patients （48 ± 5 years） and 10 healthy volunteers （28 ±3 years）. RESULTS： Baseline proximal gastric volumes were similar between the three groups. In diabetic patients, proximal gastric relaxation during I kcal/min nutrient infusion was similar to non-diabetic patients and healthy controls. In contrast, relaxation during 2 kcal/ min infusion was initially reduced in diabetic patients （P 〈 0.05） but increased to a level similar to healthy humans, unlike non-diabetic patients where relaxation was impaired throughout the infusion. Duodenal nutrient stimulation reduced the fundic wave frequency in a dose-dependent fashion in both the critically ill diabetic patients and healthy subjects, but not in critically ill patients without diabetes. Fundic wave frequency in diabetic patients and healthy subjects was greater than in non-diabetic ***： In patients with diabetes mellitus, proximal gastric motility is less disturbed than nondiabetic patients during critical illness, suggesting that these patients may not be at greater risk of delayed gastric emptying.

关键词： Proximal gastric function Diabetes mellitus type 2 Critical illness Enteral nutrition

Resource utilisation among patients transferred for intracerebral haemorrhage

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2019年第4期4卷 223-226页

作者： Kori Sauser Zachrison Emily Aaronson Sadiqa Mahmood Jonathan Rosand Anand Viswanathan Lee h Schwamm Joshua N goldstein Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA health Catalyst CambridgeMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

background Patients with intracerebral haemorrhage(ICh)are frequently transferred between hospitals for higher level of *** aimed to identify factors associated with resource utilisation among patients with ICh admitted to a single academic *** We used a prospectively collected registry of consecutive patients with primary ICh at an urban academic hospital between 1 January 2005 and 31 December *** primary outcome was use of either intensive care unit(ICU)admission or surgical *** regression examined factors associated with the outcome,controlling for age,sex,Glasgow coma score(GCS)and ICh *** Of the 2008 patients included,887(44.2%)received ICU stay or surgical *** patients were younger(71 vs 74 years,phite(83.9% vs 89.3%,phad lower baseline GCS(12 vs 14,phad intraventricular haemorrhage(58.6%vs 43.4%,ph ICU stay or surgical intervention were age>65 years(OR 0.38,95% CI 0.21 to 0.69),GCSh score>0(OR 2.23,95% CI 1.70 to 2.91).Conclusion Among this cohort of primary patients with ICh,GCS of 15 and ICh score of 0 were associated with less frequent use of ICU or *** results should be validated in a larger sample but may be valuable for hospitals considering which patients with ICh could safely remain at the referring facility.

关键词： patients admitted Glasgow

As clear as mud： Turbidity induces behavioral changes in the African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 146-157页

作者： Gray, Suzanne M. McDonnell, laura h. Cinquemani, Fabio G. Chapman, Lauren J. Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal QC Canada H3A 1B1 Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

Aquatic biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate. One factor driving this loss is increased turbidity, an en- vironmental stressor that can impose behavioral, morphological, and/or physiological costs on fishes. here we describe the be- havioral response of a widespread African cichlid, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae, to turbidity. We used a split-brood rearing design to test if F1 offspring reared in turbid water, originating from river （turbid） and swamp （clear） populations, behave differently than full-sibs reared in clear water. We examined two facets of behavior：（1） behaviors of fish in full sib groups, in- eluding activity level and social dynamics collected during the rearing period; and （2） male aggressive behavior directed at poten- tial male competitors after fish had reached maturity; this was done in an experimental set-up independent of the rearing aquaria. Regardless of population of origin, fish reared in turbid water were marginally less active and performed fewer social behaviors than those reared in clear water. On the other hand, when tested against a competitor in turbid water, males performed more ag- gressive behaviors, regardless of population of origin or rearing environment, Our results suggest a plastic behavioral response to turbidity that may allow P. multicolor to persist over a range of turbidity levels in nature by decreasing activity and general social behaviors and intensifying reproductive behaviors to ensure reproductive success [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 146-157, 2012].

关键词： Cichlidae Behavioral plasticity Environmental stressor Male-male competition

Impact of bolus volume on small intestinal intra-luminal impedance in healthy subjects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2151-2157页

作者： Nam Q Nguyen laura K Bryant Carly M Burgstad Robert J Fraser Daniel Sifrim Richard h holloway Department of Gastroenterology & hepatology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General HospitalDaw Park 5041Australia Department of Medicine Centre for Gastroen-terological ResearchK.U.LeuvenLeuven 3000Belgium

AIM: To assess the impact of bolus volume on the characteristics of small intestinal (SI) impedance ***: Concurrent SI manometry-impedance measurements were performed on 12 healthy volunteers to assess the pattern of proximal jejunal fluid bolus movement over a 14 *** subject was given 34 boluses of normal saline (volume from 1 to 30 mL) via the feeding tube placed immediately above the proximal margin of the studied segment.A bolus-induced impedance event occurred if there was > 12% impedance drop from baseline,over ≥ 3 consecutive segments within 10 s of bolus injection.A minor or major imped-ance event was defined as a duration of impedance drop he minimum volume required for a detectable SI impedance event was 2 mL.A direct linear relationship between the SI bolus volume and the occurrence of impedance events was noted until SI bolus volume reached 10 mL,a volume which always produced an impedance flow *** was a moderate correlation between the bolus volume and the duration of impedance drop (r = 0.63,P he number of propagated channels (r = 0.50,P high volume boluses were associated with more major impedance events (≥ 10 mL boluses = 63%,3 mL boluses = 17%,and had an impact on the type and length of propagation of SI impedance events and a threshold of 2 mL is required to produce an event.

关键词： Bolus volume health Impedance Luminal flow Small intestine

Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing Beyond the Diffraction Limit Using the Nanopositioning and Nanomeasuring Machine

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 149-155页

作者： laura Mohr-Weidenfeller Annika-Verena hacker Carsten Reinhardt Eberhard Manske Microsystems Technology Group Ilmenau University of TechnologyMax-Planck-Ring 12IlmenauGermany Institute for Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Ilmenau University of TechnologyGustav-Kirchhoff-Str.1IlmenauGermany Bremen University of Applied Science Neustadtswall 30BremenGermany

Since the first realization of two-photon direct laser writing(DLW)in Maruo et al.(Opt Lett 22:132-134,1997),the manufacturing using direct laser writing techniques spread out in many laboratories all over the *** materials with different material properties open a new field for micro-and *** achievable structuring resolution using this technique is reported to be sub-100 nm(Paz et *** *** Appl.24:042004,2012),while a smallest linewidth of 25 nm could be shown in Tan et al.(Appl Phys Lett 90:071106,2007).In our approach,the combination of DLW with the nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine NMM-1 offers an improvement of the technique from the engineering side regarding the ultra-precise positioning(Weidenfeller et *** Adv Fabr Technol Micro/Nano Opt Photon Ⅺ 10544:105440E,2018).One big benefit besides the high positioning resolution of 0.1 nm is offered by the positioning range of 25 mm×25 mm×5 mm(Jager et *** Technisches Messen 67:319-323,2000;Manske et *** Meas Sci Technol 18:520-527,2007).Thus,a trans-scale fabrication without any stitching or combination of different positioning systems is *** immense synergy between the highly precise positioning and the DLW is demonstrated by the realization of resist lines and trenches whose center-to-center distance undergoes the modified diffraction limit for two-photon *** precise positioning accuracy enables a defined distance between illuminated ***,with a comparable huge width of the trenches of 1.655|im due to a low effective numerical aperture of 0.16,a resist line of 30 nm between two written trenches could be *** the interrelationships for achieving such narrow trenches have not yet been clarified,much smaller resist lines and trench widths are possible with this approach in the near future.

关键词： Direct laser writing Nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine Two-photon absorption Laser power controlling