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Isoenergetic-practical and semi-purified diets for protein requirement determination in Hermetia illucens larvae:consequences on life history traits

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 897-906页

作者： Sara Bellezza Oddon Ilaria Biasato laura gasco Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly

Background:Black soldier fly(BSF)is one of the most promising species for the intensive breeding of insects given its adaptability and its efficiency in the conversion of *** maximize the production and use waste as substrates,it is essential to determine the larvae nutritional *** study aims to evaluate the effects of5 practical,semi-purified and isoenergetic diets(PSPID)with increasing protein levels(10%,CP10;14%,CP14;16%,CP16;19%,CP19)on BSF life history traits.A total of 2000 six-day-old larvae were weighed and divided into groups of 100(4 replicates/treatment[PSPID and Gainesville diet(GA)used as environmental control]).In larva-prepupa stage,sampling was carried out on 30 individuals/replicate,while in prepupa-adult stage on ***:In the whole larval stage,the CP16 treatment performed better when compared to the other ***18 days old,the CP14 treatment showed a higher weight than the CP19(P<0.01),while the CP10 and CP16weights were *** the contrary,the CP10 prepupae weight was higher than the CP19(P<0.01).The CP10 and CP14 pupae performed better in terms of weight when compared to the others(P<0.01).The dietary treatments did not affect the adult *** sex significantly influenced both the exuvia weight,which was the greatest in females(P<0.001),and the fly lifespan,longest in males(P<0.05).Fly lifespan was also influenced by the interaction between treatment and sex,with the CP19 females showing a longer life than the others(P<0.05).Conclusions:In conclusion,the optimal protein level considering the whole larval stage is 16%on dry matter(DM).At 18 days old,looking at the size intended for the meal production,it can be considered 14%on *** result obtained on adult emergence in PSPID may not be attributable to the protein *** researches on macronutrients requirements determination have to be conducted to evaluate the substrates composition effects on BSF life history traits.

关键词： Hermetia illucens Life history traits Nutritional requirements Semi-purified

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Effect of the rearing diet on gene expression of antimicrobial peptides in Hermetia illucens(Diptera:Stratiomyidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第4期30卷 933-946页

作者： Valentina Candian Carlotta Savio Marco Meneguz laura gasco Rosemarie Tedeschi Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Forestali eAlimentari(DISAFA)University of TorinoGrugliascoItaly NRAE MicalisGMEUniversity of Paris SaclayJouy-en-JosasFrance Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands BEF Biosystems TorinoItaly

Insect proteins have been proposed for human and animal food *** the health status of insects in mass rearing allows to obtain high-quality products and to avoid severe economic losses due to ***,new strategies for preserving insect health must be *** of the insect im-mune system through the diet is one such *** evaluated gene expression of two antimicrobial peptides(one defensin and one cecropin)in Hermetia illucens(L.)(Diptera:Stratiomyidae)reared on different *** were performed on prepupae and 10-day-old larvae reared on cereal-and municipal organic waste-based diets and on only prepupae reared on a cereal-based diet supplemented with sunflower,corn,or soybean *** inclusion of sunflower oil at different points in the cereal-based diet was also ***,diet-driven differences in the inhibitory activity of the hemolymph were tested against Escherichia coli DH5αand Micrococcus yunnanensis HI55 using diffusion assays in solid *** showed that a municipal organic waste-based diet produced a significant overexpression of antimicrobial peptides only in *** of veg-etable oils caused an upregulation of at least one peptide,except for the corn *** expression of both genes was observed when sunflower oil was added 5 days before *** hemolymph samples showed an inhibitory activity against bacteria *** results suggest that municipal organic waste-based diet and vegetable oil-added diet may successfully impact the immune system of *** alternatives may also exist forotherspeciesofeconomic interest.

关键词： cecropin cereal defensin hemolymph organic municipal solid waste vegetable oil

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Effects of full replacement of dietary fishmeal with insect meal from Tenebrio molitor on rainbow trout gut and skin microbiota

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1042-1055页

作者： Genciana Terova Elisabetta Gini laura gasco Federico Moroni Micaela Antonini Simona Rimoldi Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of InsubriaVia J.H.Dunant321100 VareseItaly Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo P.Braccini 2-10095 GrugliascoTorinoItaly

Background:Aquaculture must continue to reduce dependence on fishmeal(FM)and fishoil in feeds to ensure sustainable sector ***,the use of novel aquaculture feed ingredients is *** this regard,insects can represent a new world of sustainable and protein-rich ingredients for farmed fish ***,we investigated the effects of full replacement of FM with Tenebrio molitor(TM)larvae meal in the diet of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)on fish gut and skin ***:A feeding trial was conducted with 126 trout of about 80 g mean initial weight that were fed for 22 weeks with two isonitrogenous,isolipidic,and isoenergetic extruded experimental *** defatted TM meal was included in one of the diets to replace 100%(TM 100)of FM,whereas the other diet(TM 0)was without *** analyse the microbial communities,the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and Qiime pipeline were used to identify bacteria in the gut and skin mucosa,and in the ***:The data showed no major effects of full FM substitution with TM meal on bacterial species richness and diversity in both,gut mucosa-and skin mucus-associated *** microbiome was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and especially by Gammaproteobacteria class that constituted approximately half of the bacterial taxa *** two dietary fish groups did not display distinctive features,except for a decrease in the relative abundance of Deefgea genus(family Neisseriaceae)in trout fed with insect *** metagenomic analysis of the gut mucosa indicated that Tenericutes was the most abundant phylum,regardless of the ***,within this phylum,the Mollicutes,mainly represented by Mycoplasmataceae family,were the dominant ***,we observed only a weak dietary modulation of intestinal bacterial *** only changes due to full FM replacement with TM meal were a decreased number of Proteobacteria and a reduced number of taxa assigned to

关键词： Aquaculture Circular economy Gut microbiome Insect meal Metagenome Next-generation sequencing Rainbow trout Skin microbiome Tenebrio molitor

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Dietary Supplementation of Oregano and Sage Dried Leaves on Performances and Meat Quality of Rabbits

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第11期12卷 1937-1945页

作者： Luca Rotolo Francesco Gai Silvana Nicola Ivo Zoccarato Alberto Brugiapaglia laura gasco Department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences(DiSAFA)University of Turin Institute of Science of Food Production National Research Council

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dietary supplementation 1% （w/w） of oregano and sage dried leaves on performances and meat quality of broiler rabbits. A feeding trial, which lasted 48 d, was carried out on 105 male Bianca Italiana rabbits randomly divided in seven groups and fed ad libitum. At the end of the trial ten animals per group were slaughtered and samples of dorsal muscle were taken in order to perform laboratory analysis. Mortality rate did not statistically differ between groups. Growth performances of animals fed diets supplemented with aromatic plants were higher （P〈0.05） than those of animals of control group, whereas carcass parameters were not affected by treatments excepting for the slaughter weight that showed the same trend as growth performances. Meat quality traits, oxidative lipid stability and fatty acid proifle were not inlfuenced by aromatic plant supplementation. In conclusion, oregano and sage in form of dried leaves can be used in rabbit without adverse effects on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits.

关键词： oregano sage lipid oxidation fatty acids meat quality rabbits

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Full-fat insect meals in ruminant nutrition:in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and lipid biohydrogenation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 1102-1117页

作者： Manuela Renna Mauro Coppa Carola Lussiana Aline Le Morvan laura gasco Gaelle Maxin Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Independent Researcher Universite Clermont AuvergneINRAEVetAgro SupUMR 1213 HerbivoresSaint‑Genes‑ChampanelleFrance Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Universite Clermont Auvergne INRAEVetAgro SupUMR 1213 HerbivoresSaint‑Genes‑ChampanelleFrance.

Background:The most used protein sources in ruminant nutrition are considered as having negative impacts in terms of environmental sustainability and competition with human ***,the investigation of alternative and sustainable feedstuffs is becoming a priority in ruminant production ***:This trial was designed to evaluate eight full-fat insect meals(Acheta domesticus–ACD;Alphitobius diaperinus–ALD;Blatta lateralis–BL;Gryllus bimaculatus–GB;Grylloides sygillatus–GS;Hermetia illucens–HI;Musca domestica–MD;and Tenebrio molitor–TM)as potential protein and lipid sources in ruminant *** parameters and fatty acids(FA)of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro ruminal incubation of the tested insect meals were measured and compared with those of three plant-based meals(soybean meal,rapeseed meal and sunflower meal)and fishmeal(FM).Similarly to FM,the insect meals led to a significantly lower total gas production(on average,1.75vs.4.64 mmol/g dry matter-DM),methane production(on average,0.33 vs.0.91 mmol/g DM),volatile FA production(on average,4.12 vs.7.53 mmol/g DM),and in vitro organic matter disappearance(on average,0.32 vs.0.59 g/g)than those observed for the plant *** insect meals also led to lower ammonia of rumen fluid,when expressed as a proportion of total N(on average,0.74 vs.0.52 for the plant and insect meals,respectively),which could be an advantage provided that intestinal digestibility is *** in ruminal fermentation parameters between the insect meals could be partially explained by their chitin,crude protein and ether extract contents,as well as by their FA *** particular,high content of polyunsaturated FA,or C12:0(in HI),seems to partially inhibit the ruminal ***:The tested full-fat insect meals appear to be potentially an interesting protein and lipid source for ruminants,alternative to the less sustainable and commonly used ones of plant *** FA profile of the rum

关键词： Ammonia Fatty acids In vitro digestibility Methane Nutritive value

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Effects of dietary Hermetia illucens meal inclusion on cecal microbiota and small intestinal mucin dynamics and infiltration with immune cells of weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1089-1099页

作者： Ilaria Biasato Ilario Ferrocino Elena Colombino Francesco Gai Achille Schiavone Luca Cocolin Valeria Vincenti Maria Teresa Capucchio laura gasco Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Institute of Science of Food Production National Research CouncilLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly.

Background: The constant interaction between diet and intestinal barrier has a crucial role in determining gut health in pigs. Hermetia illucens(HI) meal(that represents a promising, alternative feed ingredient for production animals) has recently been demonstrated to influence colonic microbiota, bacterial metabolite profile and mucosal immune status of pigs, but no data about modulation of gut mucin dynamics are currently available. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary HI meal inclusion on the small intestinal mucin composition of piglets, as well as providing insights into the cecal microbiota and the mucosal infiltration with immune ***: A total of 48 weaned piglets were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments(control diet [C] and 5% or10% HI meal inclusion [HI5 and HI10], with 4 replicate boxes/treatment and 4 animals/box) and slaughtered after61 days of trial(3 animals/box, 12 piglets/diet). The cecal microbiota assessment by 16 S r RNA amplicon based sequencing showed higher beta diversity in the piglets fed the HI-based diets than the C(P < 0.001). Furthermore,the HI-fed animals showed increased abundance of Blautia, Chlamydia, Coprococcus, Eubacterium, Prevotella,Roseburia, unclassified members of Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus and Staphylococcus when compared to the C group(FDR < 0.05). The gut of the piglets fed the HI-based diets showed greater neutral mucin percentage than the C(P < 0.05), with the intestinal neutral mucins of the HI-fed animals being also higher than the sialomucins and the sulfomucins found in the gut of the C group(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the piglets fed the HI-based diets displayed lower histological scores in the jejunum than the other gut segments(ileum [HI5] or ileum and duodenum [HI10], P < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary HI meal utilization positively influenced the cecal microbiota and the small intestinal mucin dynamics of the piglets in terms of selection of potentially beneficial bacteria and preservatio

关键词： 16S rRNA Gut health Hermetia illucens L. Histology Insect meal Microbiota Mucin Pig

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Black soldier fly and gut health in broiler chickens:insights into the relationship between cecal microbiota and intestinal mucin composition

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 841-852页

作者： Ilaria Biasato Ilario Ferrocino Sihem Dabbou Rocchina Evangelista Francesco Gai laura gasco Luca Cocolin Maria Teresa Capucchio Achille Schiavone Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Institute of Science of Food Production National Research CouncilLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly

Background:The relationship between diet and intestinal microbiota and mucin composition appears to be fundamental for poultry gut *** effects of insect meal(whose role as alternative feed ingredient is now well recognized)on gut microbiota and mucin composition have recently been reported in Tenebrio molitor-fed free-range and broiler chickens,but no data are currently available for Hermetia illucens(HI)-fed *** present study evaluated the effects of dietary HI meal inclusion on cecal microbiota and intestinal mucin composition of broiler ***:A total of 256 male broiler chickens were allotted to 4 dietary treatments(control diet[C]and 5%,10%and 15%HI meal inclusion,with 8 replicate pens/treatment and 8 birds/pen)and slaughtered at 35 d of age(2 animals/pen,16 birds/diet).The cecal microbiota assessment by 16S rRNA amplicon based sequencing showed lower alpha diversity in HI15 chickens(Shannon,P<0.05)and higher beta diversity(Adonis and ANOSIM,P<0.001)in birds fed HI diets than ***,HI15 birds displayed significant increase of the relative abundance of Proteobacteria phylum(False Discovery Rate[FDR]<0.05)when compared to HI10.L-Ruminococcus(Ruminococcus from Lachnospiraceae family),Faecalibacterium,Blautia and Clostridium genera were found to be characteristic of HI5 cecal microbiota(FDR<0.05),while broiler chickens fed HI10 and HI15 diets were characterized(FDR<0.05)by Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus(HI10)and Bacteroides,Roseburia and Helicobacter genera(HI15).Periodic-acid Schiff,Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and high iron diamine staining on small and large intestine also demonstrated lower mucin staining intensity in the intestinal villi of HI10 and HI15 birds than C(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dietary HI meal utilization at low inclusion levels(i.e.,5%)positively influenced either the cecal microbiota or the gut mucin dynamics in terms of selection of potentially beneficial bacteria and increase in villi ***,high inclusion levels(in

关键词： 16S rRNA Gut health Hermetia illucens L. Histochemistry Insect meal Microbiota Mucin Poultry

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Defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) diets: Effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fillet quality, economic and environmental sustainability

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 7-19页

作者： Vlastimil Stejskal Hung Quang Tran Markéta Prokesová Mahyar Zare Tatyana Gebauer Tomas Policar Christian Caimi Francesco Gai laura gasco University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of WatersSouth Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesHusova tr.458/10237005 CeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic University of Torino Department of AgriculturalForest and Food SciencesLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly National Research Council Institute of Sciences of Food ProductionLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly

The use of insect meal in aquafeed formulations has recently gained *** knowledge about the inclusion levels for pikeperch(Sander lucioperca),a promising candidate for intensive aquaculture in Europe remains,however,*** the present study,4 isoproteic(45%dry matter)and isoenergetic(21 MJ/kg)diets were formulated,including a control diet(H0)containing 30%fishmeal(FM)on an as-fed basis and the other 3 diets in which FM protein was replaced by defatted black soldier fly(Hemetia illucens)meal(HIM)at 25%,50%,and 100%(diet abbreviation H9,H18 and H36,corresponding to an inclusion level of 9%,18%and 36%,respectively).The feeding trial was performed in triplicate groups of 50 juvenile pikeperch(mean weight,68.7 g)fed with experimental diets for 84 d during which the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,fillet quality and economic and environmental sustainability of rearing pikeperch were *** findings indicated that pikeperch in H0,H9,and H18 groups displayed better results regarding growth performance indices,except for survival rate where no significant difference among groups was recorded(P?0.642).A significantly lower organ-somatic index,including hepatosomatic,viscerosomatic and perivisceral fat index,was found in fish in H18 groups than other groups(P0.05)but did reduce total n-3 fatty acids(P?0.001)and increased total n-6(P<0.001).Increasing inclusion levels of HIM reduced the environmental impacts associated with fish in-to-fish out ratio but entailed heavy burdens on e

关键词： Alternative feed Digestibility Fish in-to-fish out ratio Insect meal Percids Sustainability

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Black soldier fly defatted meal as a dietary protein source for broiler chickens:Effects on growth performance,blood traits,gut morphology and histological features

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 891-900页

作者： Sihem Dabbou Francesco Gai Ilaria Biasato Maria Teresa Capucchio Elena Biasibetti Daniela Dezzutto Marco Meneguz Iveta Plachà laura gasco Achille Schiavone Department of Veterinary Science University of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly Institute of Science of Food Production National Research CouncilLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte Liguria and Valle d’AostaVia Bologna 14810154 TurinItaly Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly Institute of Animal Physiology Centre of BioscienceSlovak Academy of SciencesSoltesovej 4-6040 01 KosiceSlovak Republic Institute of Interdisciplinary Research on Sustainability University of TurinVia Accademia Albertina 1310100 TurinItaly

Background: The present study has evaluated the effects of different inclusion levels of a partially defatted black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens L.; HI) larva meal on the growth performance, blood parameters and gut morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 256 male broiler chickens(Ross 308) were reared from d 1 to d 35 and assigned to4 dietary treatments(8 replicates/treatment and 8 birds/replicate). HI larva meal was included at increasing levels(0, 5%, 10% and 15%; HI0, HI5, HI10 and HI15, respectively) in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets formulated for 3 feeding phases: starter(1–10 d), growing(10–24 d) and finisher(24–35 d). Two birds per pen were slaughtered at d 35 and morphometric investigations and histopathological alterations were ***: The live weight(LW) showed linear and quadratic responses to increasing HI larva meal(maximum for HI10 group). Average daily gain(ADG) showed a linear and quadratic responses to HI meal(maximum for HI10 group) during starter and growing periods. A linear decrease was observed for ADG during the finisher period. The daily feed intake(DFI) showed a linear and quadratic effect during the starter period(maximum for HI10 group).Linear and quadratic responses were observed for the feed conversion ratio(FCR) in the growing period and for the whole period of the experiment. The FCR showed a linear response in the finisher period(maximum for HI15).No significant effects were observed for the blood and serum parameters, except for the phosphorus concentration,which showed linear and quadratic responses as well as glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, the latter of which showed a linear response. The HI15 birds showed a lower villus height, a higher crypt depth and a lower villus height-to-crypt depth ratio than the other ***: Increasing levels of dietary HI meal inclusion in male broiler chickens may improve the LW and DFI during the starter period, but may also negatively affect the FCR and gut m

关键词： Broiler chickens Defatted insect meal Gut morphology Hermetia illucens Performance

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Effect of dietary supplementation with insect fats on growth performance,digestive efficiency and health of rabbits

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 501-509页

作者： laura gasco Sihem Dabbou Angela Trocino Gerolamo Xiccato Maria Teresa Capucchio Ilaria Biasato Daniela Dezzutto Marco Birolo Marco Meneguz Achille Schiavone Francesco Gai Largo Paolo Braccini 2 10095 GrugliascoTurinItaly Department of Veterinary Science University of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTurinItaly Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of PadovaViale dell’Università1635020 LegnaroPadovaItaly Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animal and Environment University of PadovaViale dell’Università1635020 LegnaroPadovaItaly Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte Liguria and Valle d’AostaVia Bologna 14810154 TurinItaly Institute of Science of Food Production National Research CouncilLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTurinItaly Institute of Interdisciplinary Research on Sustainability University of TurinVia Accademia Albertina 1310100 TurinItaly.

Background: The present work aimed at evaluating the effect of the dietary replacement of soybean oil(S) by two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae(H, Hermetia il ucens L.) and yel ow mealworm larvae(T, Tenebrio molitor L.) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, intestinal morphology and health of growing ***: At weaning, 200 crossbred rabbits(36 days old) were allotted to five dietary treatments(40 rabbits/group): a control diet(C) containing 1.5% of soybean oil and four experimental diets where soybean oil was partially(50%) or totally(100%) substituted by H(H50 and H100) or T(T50 and T100) fats. Total tract digestibility was evaluated on 12 rabbits per treatment. The growth trial lasted 41 d and, at slaughtering(78 days old), blood samples were collected from 15 rabbits per treatment, morphometric analyses were performed on duodenum, jejunum and ileum mucosa,and samples of liver, spleen and kidney were submitted to histological ***: No difference was observed between the control and the experimental groups fed insect fats in terms of performance, morbidity, mortality and blood variables. The addition of H and T fats did not influence apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, ether extract, fibre fractions and gross energy. Gut morphometric indices and organ histopathology were not affected by dietary inclusion of H and T ***: H and T fats are suitable sources of lipid in rabbit diets to replace soybean oil without any detrimental effect on growth performance, apparent digestibility, gut mucosa traits and health.

关键词： Blood Digestibility Growing rabbit Gut health Insect fats Performances

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