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Prospective study of hepatitis B and D epidemiology and risk factors in Romania:A 10-year update

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 640-649页

作者： Speranta Iacob Liana Gheorghe Mirela Onica laura Huiban Corina Silvia Pop Ciprian Brisc Roxana Sirli carmen Ester Cristina Mihaela Brisc Sorina Diaconu Ion Rogoveanu Larisa Sandulescu Deiana Vuletici Anca Trifan Department of Gastroenterology Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 050474Romania Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fundeni Clinical InstituteBucharest 022328Romania Department of Gastroenterology Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and PharmacyIasi 700115Romania Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saint Spiridon County HospitalIasi 700111Romania Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Oncology University Emergency Clinical HospitalBucharest 050098Romania Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University of OradeaOradea 410087Romania Department of Gastroenterology Emergency County HospitalOradea 410169Romania Center for Advanced Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology“Victor Babeş”University of Medicine and PharmacyTimisoara 300041Romania Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology TimişCounty Emergency Clinical Hospital"Pius Branzeu"Timisoara 300723Romania Department of Internal Medicine II and Gastroenterology University Emergency Clinical HospitalBucharest 050098Romania Department of Gastroenterology University of Medicine and PharmacyCraiova 200349Romania Department of Cardiology Emergency County HospitalCraiova 200642Romania Department of Gastroenterology Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Medicine and PharmacyCraiova 200349Romania Department of Gastroenterology Emergency County HospitalCraiova 200642Romania Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineGrigore T Popa University of Medicine and PharmacyIasi 700115Romania

BACKGROUND The global burden of hepatitis D virus(HDV)infection represents a major medical challenge and a public health crisis worldwide.However,there is a lack of accurate data on the epidemiology and risk factors for HDV.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and HDV coinfection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis,leading to a higher cumulative incidence of liver-related events compared with HBV monoinfection,including the need for liver transplantation and death.AIM To investigate the epidemiology,natural history,risk factors and clinical management of HBV and HDV coinfection in Romanian patients.METHODS This prospective study was conducted between January and July 2022 in six tertiary gastroenterology and hepatology referral centres in Romania.All consecutive adults admitted for any gastroenterology diagnosis who were HBV-positive were enrolled.Patients with acute hepatitis or incomplete data were excluded.Of the 25390 individuals who presented with any type of gastroenterology diagnosis during the study period,963 met the inclusion criteria.Testing for anti-HDV antibodies and HDV RNA was performed for all participants.Demographic and risk factor data were collected by investigators using medical charts and patient questionnaires.All data were stored in an anonymized online database during the study.RESULTS The prevalence of HBV was 3.8%;among these patients,the prevalence of HBV/HDV coinfection was 33.1%.The median age of the study population was 54.0 years,and it consisted of 55.1%men.A higher prevalence of HBV/HDV coinfection was observed in patients 50–69 years old.Patients with HBV/HDV coinfection were significantly older than those with HBV monoinfection(P=0.03).Multivariate multiple regression analysis identified female gender(P=0.0006),imprisonment(P<0.0001),older age at diagnosis(P=0.01)and sexual contact with persons with known viral hepatitis(P=0.0003)as significant risk factors for HDV.CONCLUSION This study shows that HDV infection among those with HBV remains endemic in Romania and updates our underst

关键词： Epidemiology Hepatitis B Hepatitis D Natural history Risk factors Romania

Male genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms among long-term Western African migrants in Spain: a prospective population-based screening study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Roure Sílvia Vallès Xavier Pérez-Quílez Olga López-Mu?oz Israel Chamorro Anna Abad Elena Valerio Lluís Soldevila laura Espa?a Sergio Hegazy Alaa H. A. Fernández-Rivas Gema Gorriz Ester Herena Dolores Oliveira Mário Miralles Maria Carme Conde carmen Montero-Alia Juan José Fernández-Pedregal Elia Miranda-Sánchez Jose Llibre Josep M. Isnard Mar Bonet Josep Maria Estrada Oriol Prat Núria Clotet Bonaventura The Schisto-Stop study group Primary Health Care Unit Mataró-(Rocafonda-Palau) Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Camí Ral el Ravalet Mataró Barcelona Spain Barcelona North Metropolitan Primary Care Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Ctra. de Barcelona Sabadell Barcelona Spain Directorate for Innovation and Interdisciplinary Cooperation Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Directorate Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain International Health Program (PROSICS) Barcelona North Metropolitan Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases Catalan Institute for Health CAP La Salut Passatge dels Encants S/N Badalona Spain Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Microbiology Department Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Department of Genetics and Microbiology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Faculty of Medicine University of Asyut El Fateh Assiut Governorate Egypt Department of Urology Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Canovelles Primary Health Care Unit Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Indústria Canovelles Spain

Background Schistosomiasis is highly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and frequently imported to Europe. Male urogenital manifestations are often neglected. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of genitourinary clinical signs and symptoms among long-term African migrants in a non-endemic European country using a serology test.Methods We carried out a prospective, community-based cross-sectional study of adult male migrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in Spain.Schistosoma serology tests and microscopic urine examinations were carried out, and clinical data were obtained from an electronic medical record search and a structured questionnaire.Results We included 388 adult males, mean age 43.5 years [Standard Deviation (SD) = 12.0, range: 18–76]. The median time since migration to the European Union was 17 [Interquartile range (IQR): 11–21] years. The most frequent country of origin was Senegal (N = 179, 46.1%). Of the 338, 147 (37.6%) tested positive forSchistosoma. Parasite eggs were present in the urine of only 1.3%. Nine genitourinary clinical items were significantly associated with positiveSchistosoma serology results: pelvic pain (45.2%;OR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.0–2.4), pain on ejaculation (14.5%;OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.0–3.5), dyspareunia (12.4%;OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.2–5.2), erectile dysfunction (9.5%;OR = 3.10, 95%CI: 1.3–7.6), self-reported episodes of infertility (32.1%;OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.0–2.8), haematuria (55.2%;OR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.5–3.6), dysuria (52.1%;OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.3–3.1), undiagnosed syndromic STIs (5.4%), and orchitis (20.7%;OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.0–3.1). Clinical signs tended to cluster.Conclusions Urogenital clinical signs and symptoms are prevalent among male African long-term migrants with a positiveSchistosoma serology results. Genital involvement can be frequent even among those with long periods of non-residence in their sub-Saharan African countries of origin. Further research is needed to develop diagnostic tools and validate therapeutic approaches to chronic schistosomiasis.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Chronic schistosomiasis Urogenital schistosomiasis Male genital schistosomiasis Longterm migrant

Effect of dephytinization on bioavailability of iron,calcium and zinc from infant cereals assessed in the Caco-2 cell model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第16期15卷 1977-1984页

作者： carmen Frontela Maria laura Scarino Simonetta Ferruzza Gaspar Ros carmen Martínez Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Science and Food Science and TechnologyMurcia University INRAN National Research Institute for Food and Nutrition

AIM:To test the effect of the dephytinization of three different commercial infant cereals on iron, calcium, and zinc bioavailability by estimating the uptake, retention, and transport by Caco-2 cells.METHODS:Both dephytinized (by adding an exogenous phytase) and non-dephytinized infant cereals were digested using an in vitro digestion protocol adapted to the gastrointestinal conditions of infants younger than 6 mo. Mineral cell retention, transport, and uptake from infant cereals were measured using the soluble fraction of the simulated digestion and the Caco-2 cells. RESULTS: Dephytinization of infant cereals significantly increased (P<0.05) the cell uptake efficiency (from 0.66%-6.05% to 3.93%-13%), retention (from 6.04%-16.68% to 14.75%-20.14%) and transport efficiency (from 0.14%-2.21% to 1.47%-6.02%), of iron, and the uptake efficiency (from 5.0%-35.4% to 7.3%-41.6%) and retention (from 4.05%-20.53% to 14.45%-61.3%) of zinc, whereas calcium only cell uptake showed a significant increase (P<0.05) after removing phytate from most of the samples analyzed. A positive relationship (P<0.05) between mineral solubility and the cell uptake and transport efficiencies was observed.CONCLUSION: Removing phytate from infant cereals had a beneficial effect on iron and zinc bioavailability when infant cereals were reconstituted with water. Since in developing countries cereal-based complementary foods for infants are usually consumed mixed with water, exogenous phytase additions could improve the nutritional value of this weaning food.

关键词：生物利用度细胞模型婴儿谷物铁锌细胞吸收评估

Diversity of Saxicolous Lichens along an Aridity Gradient in Central México

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第4期91卷 827-840页

作者： Josécarmen Soto-Correa Abraham Saldaña-Vega Víctor Hugo Cambrón-Sandoval laura Concostrina-Zubiri Mariela Gómez-Romero Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Autónoma de QuerétaroQuerétaro73230México Departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química Inorgánica Tulipán s/nUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstolesMadrid28933España Cátedra CONACYT–Facultad de Biología Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMichoacán58030México

Lichens are symbiotic organisms that comprise a fungus and a photosynthetic partner wich are recognized as a good indicator of climate change.However,our understanding of how aridity affects the diversity of saxicolous lichens in drylands is still limited.To evaluate the relationship between saxicolous lichen diversity and aridity in a central México dryland,a geographical transect was established of 100 km to build an aridity gradient in the semiarid zone of the State of Querétaro,Mexico,comprising ten sampling sites with a 10 km separation.Species richness,abundance and diversity of soil lichen species were recorded using two sampling methods:the quadrat-intercept and the line-intercept method,to compare their performance in assessing soil lichen diversity in drylands.The number of species and Shannon diversity of saxicolous lichens were higher at intermediate values of the aridity index(AI=0.10-0.34).Quadrat intercept and point intercept methods gave quite similar results,which means that the selected method does not influence the results in a significant way.This study confirms the role of saxicolous lichens as climate change indicators and reveals the importance of the sampling method selection in the evaluation of different parameters of soil lichen diversity in drylands.

关键词： Climate change drylands ecological indicators environmental stress precipitation temperature

Alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation reinstates motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 875-880页

作者： Gabriela García-Díaz laura ERamos-Languren carmen Parra-Cid Joel Lomelí Sergio Montes Camilo Ríos Antonio Bueno-Nava Ignacio Valencia-Hernández Rigoberto González-Piña Department of Pharmacology Section of Postgraduate Studies and ResearchHigh Medical SchoolInstituto Politécnico NacionalSalvador Díaz MirónAlcaldía Miguel HidalgoMexico CityMexico Department of Neurobiology of Aging and Brain Damage Coordination of Psychobiology and NeurosciencesFaculty of PsychologyNational Autonomous University of MexicoAv.Universidad 3040Col.Copilco UniversidadAlcaldía CoyoacánMexico CityMexico Direction of Research National Institute of Rehabilitation LGIICalz.Mexico-Xochimilco 289Col.Arenal de GuadalupeAlcaldía TlalpanMexico CityMexico Department of Pharmacology Multidisciplinary Academic Unit Reynosa-Aztlan ReynosaAutonomous University of Tamaulipascalle 16 y lago de ChapalaCol.AztlánTamaulipasMexico Department of Neurochemistry National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery MVSAv.Insurgentes Sur 3877Col.La FamaAlcaldia TlalpanMexico CityMexico Department of Special Education University of the AmericasPuebla 223Col.RomaAlcaldía CuauhtémocMexico CityMexico

Norepinephrine plays an important role in motor functional recovery after a brain injury caused by ferrous chloride.Inhibition of norepinephrine release by clonidine is correlated with motor deficits after motor cortex injury.The aim of this study was to analyze the role ofα-adrenergic receptors in the restoration of motor deficits in recovering rats after brain damage.The rats were randomly assigned to the sham and injury groups and then treated with the following pharmacological agents at 3 hours before and 8 hours,3 days,and 20 days after ferrous chloride-induced cortical injury:saline,clonidine,efaroxan(a selective antagonist ofα-adrenergic receptors)and clonidine+efaroxan.The sensorimotor score,the immunohistochemical staining forα-adrenergic receptors,and norepinephrine levels were evaluated.Eight hours post-injury,the sensorimotor score and norepinephrine levels in the locus coeruleus of the injured rats decreased,and these effects were maintained 3 days post-injury.However,20 days later,clonidine administration diminished norepinephrine levels in the pons compared with the sham group.This effect was accompanied by sensorimotor deficits.These effects were blocked by efaroxan.In conclusion,an increase inα-adrenergic receptor levels was observed after injury.Clonidine restores motor deficits in rats recovering from cortical injury,an effect that was prevented by efaroxan.The underlying mechanisms involve the stimulation of hypersensitiveα-adrenergic receptors and inhibition of norepinephrine activity in the locus coeruleus.The results of this study suggest thatαreceptor agonists might restore deficits or impede rehabilitation in patients with brain injury,and therefore pharmacological therapies need to be prescribed cautiously to these patients.

关键词： alpha2-adrenoceptors ambulatory behavior clonidine cortical injury efaroxan functional recovery immunohistochemistry motor deficit norepinephrine sensorimotor score

Noninvasive investigations for non alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fi brosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第38期16卷 4784-4791页

作者： carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticevici Ion Dina Ana Petrisor laura Tribus Lucian Negreanu Catalin Carstoiu carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticevici Ana PetrisorLaura TribusLucian NegreanuCatalin CarstoiuMedical Clinic Ⅱ and Gastroenterology University Hospital Bucharest Department of Gastroenterology St John’s Hospital 7001 Bucharest carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticevici Ana PetrisorLaura TribusLucian NegreanuCatalin CarstoiuMedical Clinic Ⅱ and GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital Bucharest

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of diseases that have insulin resistance in common and are associated with metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. NAFLD ranges from simple liver steatosis, which follows a benign course, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe entity, with necroinflmmation and f ibrosis, which can progress to cryptogenic cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for evaluating the degree of hepatic necroinflammation and f ibrosis; however, several noninvasive investigations, such as serum biomarkers, have been developed to establish the diagnosis and also to evaluate treatment response. These markers are currently neither available in all centers nor validated in extensive studies. Examples include high-sensitivity C reactive protein and plasma pentraxin 3, which are associated with extensive liver f ibrosis in NASH. Interleukin-6 correlates with inflammation, and cytokeratin-18 represents a marker of hepatocyte apoptosis (prominent in NASH and absent in simple steatosis). Tissue polypep-tide specif ic antigen seems to have a clinical utility in the follow-up of obese patients with NASH.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Biomarkers Necroinflammation Liver fibrosis

Murine models based on acute myeloid leukemia-initiating stem cells xenografting

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2018年第6期10卷 57-65页

作者： Cristina Mambet Mihaela Chivu-Economescu Lilia Matei laura Georgiana Necula Denisa laura Dragu Coralia Bleotu carmen Cristina Diaconu Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology Nicolae Cajal Institute Titu Maiorescu University

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML) is an aggressive malignant disease defined by abnormal expansion of myeloid blasts. Despite recent advances in understanding AML pathogenesis and identifying their molecular subtypes based on somatic mutations, AML is still characterized by poor outcomes, with a 5-year survival rate of only 30%-40%, the majority of the patients dying due to AML relapse. Leukemia stem cells(LSC) are considered to be at the root of chemotherapeutic resistance and AML relapse. Although numerous studies have tried to better characterize LSCs in terms of surface and molecular markers, a specific marker of LSC has not been found, and still the most universally accepted phenotypic signature remains the surface antigens CD34+CD38- that is shared with normal hematopoietic stem cells. Animal models provides the means to investigate the factors responsible for leukemic transformation, the intrinsic differences between secondary post-myeloproliferative neoplasm AML and de novo AML, especially the signaling pathways involved in inflammation and hematopoiesis. However, AML proved to be one of the hematological malignancies that is difficult to engraft even in the most immunodeficient mice strains, and numerous ongoing attempts are focused to develop "humanized mice" that can support the engraftment of LSC. This present review is aiming to in-troduce the field of AML pathogenesis and the concept of LSC, to present the current knowledge on leukemic blasts surface markers and recent attempts to develop best AML animal models.

关键词： Acute myeloid leukemia Leukemia-initiating stem cells Antigen markers Murine models Xenografts

Gastrointestinal cancer stem cells as targets for innovative immunotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第14期26卷 1580-1593页

作者： Mihaela Chivu-Economescu laura G Necula Lilia Matei Denisa laura Dragu Ana I Neagu Irina Alexiu Coralia Bleotu carmen Cristina Diaconu Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology Stefan S.Nicolau Institute of VirologyBucharest 030304Romania Nicolae Cajal Institute Titu Maiorescu UniversityBucharest 040441Romania

The role of cancer stem cells in gastrointestinal cancer-associated death has been widely recognized.Gastrointestinal cancer stem cells(GCSCs)are considered to be responsible for tumor initiation,growth,resistance to cytotoxic therapies,recurrence and metastasis due to their unique properties.These properties make the current therapeutic trials against GCSCs ineffective.Moreover,recent studies have shown that targeting stem cell surface markers or stemness associated pathways might have an additional off-target effect on the immune system.Recent advances in oncology and precision medicine have opened alternative therapeutic strategies in the form of cancer immunotherapy.This approach differs from classical anti-cancer therapy through its mechanism of action involving the activation and use of a functional immune system against tumor cells,instead of aiming physically destruction of cancer cells through radio-or chemotherapy.New immunological approaches for GCSCs targeting involve the use of different immune cells and various immune mechanisms like targeting specific surface antigens,using innate immune cells like the natural killer and T cells,T-cell chimeric antigen receptor technology,dendritic cell vaccine,or immune checkpoint inhibitors.In this respect,better understandings of immune regulatory mechanisms that govern anti-tumor response bring new hope in obtaining long-term remission for cancer therapy.

关键词： Immunotherapy Gastrointestinal cancer Cancer stem cells CAR-T Dendritic cells vaccines Immune checkpoints inhibitors

New therapeutic options opened by the molecular classification of gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第18期24卷 1942-1961页

作者： Mihaela Chivu-Economescu Lilia Matei laura G Necula Denisa L Dragu Coralia Bleotu carmen C Diaconu Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology Nicolae Cajal Institute Titu Maiorescu University

Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the most lethal and aggressive cancers, being the third cause of cancer related death worldwide. Even with radical gastrectomy and the latest generation of molecular chemotherapeutics, the numbers of recurrence and mortality remains high. This is due to its biological heterogeneity based on the interaction between multiple factors, from genomic to environmental factors, diet or infections with various pathogens. Therefore, understanding the molecular characteristics at a genomic level is critical to develop new treatment strategies. Recent advances in GC molecular classification provide the unique opportunity to improve GC therapy by exploiting the biomarkers and developing novel targeted therapy specific to each subtype. This article highlights the molecular characteristics of each subtype of gastric cancer that could be considered in shaping a therapeutic decision, and also presents the completed and ongoing clinical trials addressed to those targets. The implementation of the novel molecular classification system will allow a preliminary patient selection for clinical trials, a mandatory issue if it is desired to test the efficacy of a certain inhibitor to the given target. This will represent a substantial advance as well as a powerful tool for targeted therapy. Nevertheless, translating the scientific results into new personalized treatment opportunities is needed in order to improve clinical care, the survival and quality of life of patients with GC.

关键词： Gastric cancer Molecular classification Immunotherapy Targeted therapy Clinical trials