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Study of Technical and Economical Sensitivity in Stand Alone Systems in a Rural Community

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2010年第9期4卷 59-65页

作者： lastres orlando Pathiyamattom Sebastian Geovanni Hernandez Galvez Juantorena Alina Nfifies Airel Dorrego Jose Rafael Sainchez Rafael Institute for Energy Studies UN ISTMO Tehuantepec Oaxaca Mexico Energy Research Center Solar Materials Department UNAM Temixeo Morelos Mexico Faculty of Pharmacy Autonomous University of Morelos State Morelos Mexico Faczulty of Mechanical Engineering Eastern University Santiago de Cuba Cuba

This paper presents a study of technical and economical sensitivity for different standalone system configurations with renewable and conventional sources of energy, with storage of hydrogen and batteries. The main objective is to establish the cost of the energy that is produced by such systems. The free software hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER) was used in this work. Different combinations for the generation of electricity are included in this sensitivity analysis, and the combinations of optimal systems are obtained. The tendencies of the cost of the energy produced in different conditions of the annual wind speed average and of the cost of the fuel cell are described. The cost related to the storage of hydrogen adversely affects the present systems. However, the sensitivity analysis of the cost of production of energy by means of renewable sources of energy has shown that it is possible to obtain systems whose costs of production of energy are similar to those of current systems of renewable sources.

关键词：敏感性分析独立系统农村社区经济技术研究站可再生能源传统能源

Technical and Economic Feasibility of Using Hydrogen as Energy Storage System in Wind Farms

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2010年第3期4卷 17-21页

作者： orlando lastres Danguillecourt Geovanni Hemandez Galvez Alrel Nunez Rodnguez Jose Rafael Dorrego Portela Jose Alberto Saldafia Juarez Miriam Guadalupe Peralta Morales Instituto de Estudios de la Energia Universidad del ISTMO Oaxaca 70760 Mexico Centro de Investigacion en Energia UNAM. Temixco Morelos 62580 Mdxico

In this paper some of the results obtained in the research project "A Technical and Economic feasibility study of hydrogen production from solar and wind energy in the Istmo de Tehuantepec" are presented. The purpose of this study is to assess the viability of electrolytic hydrogen production in wind farms in the Istmo de Tehuantepec. Different configurations of hydrogen storage systems were simulated in local weather conditions and using local power grids. WAsP 9.1 (under license obtained by the Universidad del Istmo) and HOMER were used in this study. Using WAsP it was estimated that the annual energy produced by five BONUS 1MW/54 turbines is 18.70 GWh/year with an average capacity factor of 42.7%; efficient operation is projected for a wind farm with greater capacity. The HOMER simulation of a 500 MW wind farm in a 225 MW power grid, showed that 42% of the energy generated by the turbines is not integrated into the power grid and consequently it is used for electrolytic hydrogen production, with an annual production of 15,522 Ton at a cost of 11.60 USD/kg, for capital multipliers of 1 and 1.6 for the electrolyzer and the wind turbine respectively. It was established that by lowering the capital costs of both the electrolyzer and the wind turbine, it is possible to produce hydrogen at a cost of between 5.70 and 6.40 USD/kg, which is comparable to the current costs of conventional methods of hydrogen production. Favorable results were also obtained when a fuel cell was added to the system to introduce energy into the power grid at peak times, even when the selling price to the grid is less than 0.30 USD/kWh. In conclusion, given the current trend of rising fossil fuel prices as well as the existing and prospective technological advances in the production and storage of hydrogen, the electrolytic production of this fuel is feasible under the conditions found in the Istmo de Tehuantepec.

关键词：经济可行性存储系统风场能源技术氢

Wind Energy Generation Potential in Union Hidalgo, Mexico： A Preliminary Study

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2011年第2期5卷 149-154页

作者： J.R. Dorrego O. lastres A. Nunez G. Hernfindez U. Miranda R. Saldana Instituto de Estudio de la Energia de la Universidad del ISTMO Tehuantepec Oaxaca Alkxico Centro de Investigacion en Energia UNAM Temixeo Morelos Mexico Gerencia de Energias No Conveneionales Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas Reforma 113 Col. Palmira Cuernavaca Morelos C. P. 62490

Union Hidalgo municipality in Oaxaca State, Mexico, is located in an area with attractive wind potential. For this reason, this paper presents a preliminary study of the technical feasibility of wind power generation in Union Hidalgo, by a micro-study with a higher resolution than that used in Wind Resource Atlas of Oaxaea, published in April 2004. In this work, the wind map of Union Hidalgo was generated using the micro-scale model WAsP 9.1, with a resolution of 50 meters. Wind speed and direction data recorded at 15 m and 32 m agl （above ground level） over four years and seven months in a surface anemometer station were used. With Class 7 wind patterns, the results show values that justify the installation of wind turbines to produce electricity in the area. Estimated capacity factors （55% on average） are comparable with those obtained in wind power plants already operating in areas near Union Hidalgo and sites with high wind potential in other parts of the world. The topography of the study area is predominantly flat, and together with the directional behavior of the wind, which comes from the NNW 44% of the time, this favors the introduction of wind power plants in the area.

关键词： Wind resources wind map wind power plants wind turbine micro-scale model technical feasibility

Gas Chromatography as an Analytical Monitoring Technique for Hydrogen Production from Spirulina maxima 2342

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2016年第2期6卷 78-87页

作者： A. U. Juantorena E. Santoyo O. lastres G. Hernández A. Bustos S. A. Gamboa P. J. Sebastian Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca México Instituto de Energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Temixco México Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas UNICACH Tuxtla Gutiérrez México Universidad Popular de la Chontlapa Heroica Cárdenas México Instituto de Ciencias Físicas Cuernavaca México

Hydrogen (H2) production from experiments with Spirulina maxima 2342 is reported in this work. The performance of this photosynthetic microorganism for producing H2 was evaluated for the first time under specific experimental conditions (e.g., a biomass concentration of 0.34 ± 0.02 g, a light intensity of 150 μE.s-1.m-2 and reaction times of 19.3 ± 1.2 h). The performance of this photosynthetic microorganism for producing hydrogen was successfully improved by the addition of sodium dithionite (a reducing agent) as an innovative method for increasing the gas production, and as a main contribution of this work. Quantitative gas chromatography (GC) analyses of H2 to verify the production performance were successfully carried out at low concentration levels. GC analyses were performed by means of a conventional thermal conductivity detector coupled to a separation system of a Molecular Sieve column 500 mm × 3175 mm (L × ID). Low detection limits were consistently obtained with the GC system used. The separation of H2 in culture samples was efficiently achieved in average retention times of 1.47 min. The H2 produced in this process was subsequently used for power generation using a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC).

关键词： Hydrogen Fuel Biological Catalysts Photo-Biological Production Cyanobacteria Fuel Cell Solar Energy