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Virtual Numbers to Represent Entangled Quantum States

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2014年第1期4卷 18-21页

作者： lalit A. patel 17892 Linda Drive Yorba Linda California USA

In the existing formalism of quantum states, probability amplitudes of quantum states are complex numbers. A composition of entangled quantum states, such as a Bell state, cannot be decomposed into its constituent quantum states, implying that quantum states lose their identities when they get entangled. This is contrary to the observation that a composition of entangled quantum states decays back to its constituent quantum states. To eliminate this discrepancy, this paper introduces a new type of numbers, called virtual numbers, which produce zero upon multiplication with complex numbers. In the proposed formalism of quantum states, probability amplitudes of quantum states are general numbers made of complex and virtual numbers. A composition of entangled quantum states, such as a Bell state, can then be decomposed into its constituent quantum states, implying that quantum states retain their identities when they get entangled.

关键词： Quantum Mechanics Probability Amplitude Complex Number Entanglement Bell State

AI Fairness-From Machine Learning to Federated Learning

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1203-1215页

作者： lalit Mohan Patnaik Wenfeng Wang Consciousness Studies Program School of HumanitiesNational Institute of Advanced StudiesBangalore560012India Research Institute of Intelligent Engineering and Data Applications Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai201418China Research Center of Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi830011China Applied Nonlinear Science Lab Anand International College of EngineeringJaipur391320India London Institute of Technology The ASE-London CTI of SCOLondonCR26EQUK Sino-Indian Joint Research Center of AI and Robotics The IMT InstituteBhubaneswar752054India

This article reviews the theory of fairness in AI-frommachine learning to federated learning,where the constraints on precision AI fairness and perspective solutions are also *** a reliable and quantitative evaluation of AI fairness,many associated concepts have been proposed,formulated and ***,the inexplicability of machine learning systems makes it almost impossible to include all necessary details in the modelling stage to ensure *** privacy worries induce the data unfairness and hence,the biases in the datasets for evaluating AI fairness are *** imbalance between algorithms’utility and humanization has further reinforced *** for federated learning systems,these constraints on precision AI fairness still *** solution is to reconcile the federated learning processes and reduce biases and imbalances accordingly.

关键词： Formulation evaluation classification constraints imbalance biases

Experimental and numerical evaluation of multidirectional compressive and flexure behavior of three-dimensional printed concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第11期17卷 1643-1661页

作者： lalit KUMAR Dhrutiman DEY Biranchi PANDA Nelson MUTHU Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiAssam 781039India

Three-dimensional concrete printing(3DCP)can proliferate the industrialization of the construction sector,which is notoriously conservative and indolent toward ***,the mechanical behavior of 3DCP should be characterized and modeled considering the interfaces when its performance is thoroughly compared to that of the existing concrete construction *** study presents an experimental and numerical investigation of uniaxial compression and three-point bending(TPB)tests on extruded 3DCP beams in different loading *** orientation of translational and depositional interfaces with respect to the direction of loading influenced the *** the elastic and post-damage behavior of the 3DCP specimens were compared with those of the conventionally cast specimen under quasi-static loading *** the higher compressive strength of the casted specimen,the flexural strength of the 3DCP specimens was *** study employed the finite element and cohesive zone models of the appropriate calibrated traction-separation law to model fracture in the notched TPB ***,the real-time acoustic emission test revealed the nature of failure phenomenon of three-dimensional-printed specimens under flexion,and accordingly,the cohesive law was *** predicted load-displacement responses are in good agreement with the experimental ***,the effects of cohesive thickness and notch shape on the performance under bending were explored through parametric studies.

关键词： three-dimensional printing anisotropy flexure compression cohesive zone model finite element model

Propagation of waves over a rugged topography

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第1期7卷 14-28页

作者： Mohammad Saud Afzal lalit Kumar Department of civil engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurIndia

The propagation of waves in shallow waters is affected by the bottom topography unlike deep water waves of the coastal *** to the interaction of the wave with bed topography,the wave transformation processes ***,diffraction,shoaling,and breaking are the wave transforma-tion processes that occur in the coastal *** significant wave height over rugged topography is a standardized statistics to denote the characteristic height of the random waves in a sea ***-fore,the objective of the present study is to predict the significant wave height over rugged *** SWAN standalone and SWAN DHH platform are used to predict significant wave height over rugged topography in Mehamn harbour,*** SWAN model results are almost similar to the lab data of Vold and Lothe(2009)for all the 22 scenarios at all the output ***,the four cases reported by Taehun(2011)and lab data from Vold and Lothe(2009)for that four cases are compared with the SWAN model *** is observed that the SWAN model results are much closer to the lab data of Vold and Lothe(2009).

关键词： Wave propagation SWAN Bathymetry Significant wave height and Peak wave period

Field evaluation of selected light sources for roadway lighting

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2018年第5期5卷 372-385页

作者： Yi Jiang Shuo Li Bowen Guan Guangyuan Zhao Dave Boruff lalit Garg Prakash patel Department of Building Construction Management Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Division of Research and Development Indiana Department of Transportation West Lafayette IN 47906 USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Chang'an University Xi'an 710064 China Indiana Department of Transportation Indianapolis IN 46204 USA

The development of new lighting sources, such as light emitting diode （LED）, induction, and plasma, presented more possible cost effective ways for roadway lighting. A study was therefore conducted for the Indiana Department of Transportation （INDOT} to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of some selected new lighting devices in roadway lighting. This paper describes the field evaluation process and presents the evaluation results. A number of LEDs, plasma and induction luminaires from various manufacturers were selected to replace the existing high pressure sodium （HPS） lamps in conventional and high mast lightings, llluminance values were measured over a period of 12 months on the existing and new light sources. Light performance metrics, including illuminance level and uniformity ratios, were calculated to make quantitative comparisons of the HPS and new types of light devices. Based on the evaluation in terms of lighting performance and life cycle costs, it was concluded that LED luminaires should be utilized in roadway lighting in place of HPS luminaires. The results of this study will be useful to state highway and city street agencies in making decisions on their lighting policies and developing technical specifications for use of the new lighting technologies in roadway and street lightings. The study provides a basis for manufacturers to improve their luminaire design and integration to better fit the needs of roadway and street lightings.

关键词： Roadway lighting Luminaires Illuminance Field tests LEDHPS

Cervical cancer:a tale from HPV infection to PARP inhibitors

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第4期10卷 1445-1456页

作者： Minakshi Mann Vikram Pratap Singh lalit Kumar Department of Medical Oncology Dr.B.R.A.Institute Rotary Cancer HospitalAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Department of Oncoanaesthesia and Palliative Medicine Dr.B.R.A.Institute Rotary Cancer HospitalAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Epigenetics Section Mouse Cancer Genetics ProgramCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMD 21702USA

Globally,cervical cancer(CxCa)ranks 4th common cancer among females and led to 569,847 incidences and 311,365 deaths in 2018.80%of CxCa cases occur due to persistent infection with a high-risk subtype of human papillomavirus(HPV-16 and 18).Smoking,high par-ity,and co-infection with type 2 herpes simplex or HIV are other known risk factors for *** histological subtypes are squamous(70%)and adenocarcinoma(25%).Presently,concur-rent radiation plus cisplatin(CDDP)-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for CxCa ***,CDDP resistance and toxic side effects limit its efficacy,leading to a poorer response rate and an expected overall survival ranging from 10 to 17.5 *** drug uptake,increased DNA damage repair,increased CDDP inactivation,and overexpressed Bcl-2 or caspase inhibition,are primarily accountable mechanisms for CDDP resistance and improving CDDP’s efficacy remains the major ***(ADP-ribosyl)polymerase-1,an effective mediator of nucleotide excision repair pathway,is involved in DNA repair as well as maintaining genomic stability and is significantly expressed in malignant lymphomas,hepa-tocellular-,cervical-and colorectal carcinoma,which has been approved effective in mainte-nance therapy and may serve as an effective target to enhance CDDP sensitivity in ***,we summarize the etiology and epidemiology of and treatment for CxCa,the mechanism responsible for chemotherapy resistance,PARP inhibitor as a possible therapy for CxCa,and other possible chemotherapeutic options for CxCa treatment.

关键词： Cervical cancer Chemotherapy Cisplatin Disease etiology and histology PARP inhibitors Resistance

Cascade controller based modeling of a four area thermal:gas AGC system with dependency of wind turbine generator and PEVs under restructured environment

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 696-713页

作者： Debdeep Saha lalit Chandra Saikia Asadur Rahman Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology ShibpurShibpurWest BengalIndia Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology SilcharSilcharAssamIndia Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology SrinagarSrinagarIndia

This paper investigates automatic generation control(AGC)of a realistic hybrid four-control area system with a dis-tinct arrangement of thermal units,gas units and additional power generation.A proportional-integral-double deriva-tive cascaded with proportional-integral(PIDD-PI)controller is employed as secondary controller in each control area for robust restructured AGC considering bilateral transactions and contract *** Harris Hawks algorithm is used to determine the optimal controller gains and system parameters under several *** vehicle(EV)aggregators are employed in each area to participate fully along with thermal and gas units to compensate for the unscheduled system demand in the local area.A comparison of non-cascaded controllers such as PI-PD,PD-PID and the proposed PIDD-PI proves the superiority of the *** effect of the decline in inertia is closely examined because of the sudden outage of a generating unit while at the same time considering the change in area frequency response characteristics and area control *** fleets make significant contributions to improving the system dynamics dur-ing system inertia *** use of EVs in the presence of a wind energy-supported grid can provide a stable efficacy to the power *** simulations with higher load demands,stochastic communication delays in presence of the WTG plant,and violations in system loadings and changes in gas turbine time constants in the absence of WTG demonstrate the robustness of the proposed control approach.

关键词： Automatic generation control Cascade controller Electric vehicle Harris Hawks algorithm Wind turbine generator

Dt1-SWEET10a partner:Photoperiodic control of seed weight in soybean

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Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 839-841页

作者： Li-Qing Chen lalit Dev Tiwari Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Institute for Sustainability Energyand EnvironmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Seed weight and size are critical agronomic traits essential for determining yield and composition,receiving significant attention throughout domestication(Meyer et al.,2012).Seed weight serves as a reliable indicator of average seed size due to their positive *** of seed weight involves both developmental and environmental cues,affecting cell proliferation or expansion(Li et al.,2019).

关键词： soybean SWEET1 weight

A Novel Green IoT-Based Pay-As-You-Go Smart Parking System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3523-3544页

作者： Andrea Sant lalit Garg Peter Xuereb Chinmay Chakraborty Faculty of Information&Communication Technology University of MaltaMsidaMalta Birla Institute of Technology MesraJharkhand814142India

The better management of resources and the potential improvement in trafc congestion via reducing the orbiting time for parking spaces is crucial in a smart city,particularly those with an uneven correlation between the increase in vehicles and *** paper proposes and analyses a novel green IoT-based Pay-As-You-Go(PAYG)smart parking system by utilizing unused garage parking *** article also presents an intelligent system that offers the most favorable prices to its users by matching private garages’pricing portfolio with a garage’s current ***,the world’s fourth-most densely populated country,is considered as a case of a smart city for the implementation of the proposed *** results obtained conrm that apart from having a high potential system in such countries,the pricing generated correctly forecasts the demand for a particular garage at a specic time of the day and *** proposed PAYG smart parking system can effectively contribute to the macro solution to trafc congestion by encouraging potential users to use the system’s services and reducing the orbiting time for parking.

关键词： Smart parking garages smart city internet of things trafc congestion green IT