This scale-up study demonstrated the feasibility of an ionic liquid(IL)pretreatment process at 40 kg scale,using the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate([C2C1Im][OAc])as the *** pretreatment was followed by enzymat...
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This scale-up study demonstrated the feasibility of an ionic liquid(IL)pretreatment process at 40 kg scale,using the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate([C2C1Im][OAc])as the *** pretreatment was followed by enzymatic hydrolysis through which the process efficiency for biomass conversion to monomeric sugars was *** results show that 43 wt%of switchgrass was dissolved in IL after 2 h of pretreatment at 160℃ with 15 wt%solid loading.A 120 h enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated switchgrass results in 96%glucan and 98%xylan conversion.[C2C1Im][OAc]pretreatment has been successfully scaled up to 40 kg with improved sugar titers and yields relative to bench scale(6 kg).The mass flow of the overall process was established and the major scale-up challenges of the process were identified.
Background Various cardiac and autonomic manifestations are frequently reportedduring *** the seizure-related arrhythmia,ictal tachycardia is the most common,followed by ictal bradycardia,with ictal asystole being th...
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Background Various cardiac and autonomic manifestations are frequently reported during *** the seizure-related arrhythmia,ictal tachycardia is the most common,followed by ictal bradycardia,with ictal asystole being the *** occurrence of ictal asystole may obscure the clinical presentation and delay the diagnosis,representing a life-threatening presentation of epilepsy,with an elevated risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy patients(SUdEP).These cardiac abnormalities are being increasingly recognized as the key to elucidating the mechanisms of *** presentation We present a 35-year-old man with a history of focal-onset seizures with impaired consciousness since his mid-20 *** developed different types of seizures for 2 years,described as tonic seizure and atonic seizure(drop attack).during such clinical events,he suffered from falls and cardiac ***,thorough cardiac electrophysiology and imaging workup failed to reveal a cardiac *** video electroencephalograph(EEG)monitoring was performed,and ictal bradycardia and ictal asystole were discovered.A cardiac pacemaker was implanted,and at 3-year follow-up,the patient did not suffer more atonic seizures,or *** tests discovered a de novo variant of Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor V1(AdGRV1),which may provide a clue for the patient’s ictal asystole and the increased risk of *** Considering the important impact of ictal bradycardia and asystole on the morbidity and potential mortality of epileptic patients,it is important to simultaneously utilize EEG and electrocardiogram to confirm the *** case report highlights the link between the de novo variant of AdGRV1 and the ictal bradycardia/asystole phenotype and implicates the importance of genetic testing in adult epilepsy patients.
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