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Response of soil nutrients to different cropping systems in the oasis of arid land

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A1期51卷 167-172页

作者： XU Wenqiang luo geping CHEN Xi Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

在到农田的回归线雨林和 semi-aridgrassland 的转变的过程，土壤降级通常发生。但是到绿洲的干旱沙漠的转变是可能的不同于回归线雨林和半干旱的草地的。作为一个学习案例拿冲积平凡绿洲，绿洲土壤性质在不同收割系统的转变的过程期间... 详细信息

在到农田的回归线雨林和 semi-aridgrassland 的转变的过程，土壤降级通常发生。但是到绿洲的干旱沙漠的转变是可能的不同于回归线雨林和半干旱的草地的。作为一个学习案例拿冲积平凡绿洲，绿洲土壤性质在不同收割系统的转变的过程期间被调查了并且评估。选择收割系统由盐的忍耐组成庄稼(STC ) ，食物庄稼(FC ) ，甜瓜和蔬菜(MV ) ， Economicplants 棉花(EP-C ) ，经济植物葡萄(EP-G ) ，经济植物 -- 跳跃(EP-H ) 。表面土壤(0-20cm ) 样品在 1982， 1999 和 2003 被收集。土壤，有机物(OM ) ，和可得到的 N (一) ，可得到的 P (AP ) 和可得到的 K (AK ) 为每件土壤样品被决定。社会科学统计套装软体统计软件被用来分析土壤性质数据。在 theSangong 河分水岭收割系统的转变被政策，法律和市场直接影响。土壤 OM 内容在 1982 期间经历了衰落 - 1999，然后上升在 1999-2003 期间。一， AP 和 AK 内容与栽培时间显著地增加了。土壤 OM 趋于在变换 fromSTC 和 FC 期间减少到棉花，但是从棉花在变换期间增加到葡萄。土壤 OMwas 与耕作时间逐渐地增加了因此绿洲土壤介绍了碳水池，它显示人的活动为绿洲生态系统的改进合理、有利。

关键词：绿洲 LUCC 耕作制度土壤养分管理惯例轮作

Sustainable land-use patterns for arid lands: A case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第4期20卷 510-524页

作者： luo geping FENG Yixing ZHANG Baiping CHENG Weiming Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CAS Urumqi 830011 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Sustainable land use patterns are ecological and economic prerequisites of regional sustainable development. This is especially true for arid lands, where the environment is wholly fragile thanks to extremely limited precipitation, and where human activities have greatly transformed natural desert system by clearing natural vegetation, expanding oases and even building dams on inland rivers. However, the current studies on land use patterns are still characterized by field investigations and case studies, with almost no solid scientific basis. This paper holds that land types and their combination patterns are the principal basis for designing sustainable land use patterns, and that GIS and RS-based large-scale land type mapping and the study of their spatial combination structures should be coordinated with the demand of social development. The existing environmental problems induced by irrational land use mostly result from their deviation from the natural properties of land types. Taking the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains （NSTM） as an example and considering land type patterns as the basis of land use patterns, this paper improves the vertical oa- sis-and-mid-mountain two-belts development model and the sustainable mountain land use model for arid lands put forward in recent years; and in terms of oases patterns, it outlines oasis development models, including intensive land use pattern in alluvial-diluvial fans, moderate agricultural development pattern in alluvial plains, and ecological land use pattern in river-end oases.

关键词： northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains land type land-use pattern oases

Oasis System and Its Reasonable Development in Sangong River Watershed in North of the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第3期16卷 236-242页

作者： LEI Jun luo geping ZHANG Xiaolei LU Qi Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Under the guide of system theory, taking the oasis in the Sangong River watershed as a case study, this paper analyzes the oasis structure and function from 4 aspects including oasis spatial structure, water resources structure, vegetation structure, economic structure and their corresponding functions. The results indicate that as a typical small-scale watershed, Sangong River watershed has the relatively complete mountain-basin structure, and ecological and productive function. Because of human drastic activity the utilization rate of water resources was as high as 98.7%, and the utilization of groundwater was not reasonable, which resulted in an average annual decline of 0.353m in the water table of alluvial-diluvial-fan oasis, and an average annual increase of 0.047m in the alluvial-plain. The layout of crop and shelter forest benefits to the utilization of water and land resources. The development of oasis economy is at low level, and its eco-economic function is weak.

关键词：新疆河流天山水资源干燥气候植被

Effects of grazing on net primary productivity,evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in the grasslands of Xinjiang,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第4期10卷 588-600页

作者： HUANG Xiaotao luo geping YE Feipeng HAN Qifei State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Resource and Environment Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology Nanjing 210044China

Grazing is a main human activity in the grasslands of Xinjiang, China. It is vital to identify the effects of grazing on the sustainable utilization of local grasslands. However, the effects of grazing on net primary productivity （NPP）, evapotranspiration （ET） and water use efficiency （WUE） in this region remain unclear. Using the spatial Biome-BGC grazing model, we explored the effects of grazing on NPP, ET and WUE across the different regions and grassland types in Xinjiang during 1979-2012. NPP, ET and WUE under the grazed scenario were generally lower than those under the ungrazed scenario, and the differences showed increasing trends over time. The decreases in NPP, ET and WUE varied significantly among the regions and grassland types. NPP decreased as follows： among the regions, Northern Xinjiang （16.60 g C/（m2·a））, Tianshan Mountains （15.94 g C/（m2·a）） and Southern Xinjiang （-3.54 g C/（m2·a））; and among the grassland types, typical grasslands （25.70 g C/（m2·a））, swamp meadows （25.26 g C/（m2·a））, mid-mountain meadows （23.39 g C/（m2·a））, alpine meadows （6.33 g C/（m2·a））, desert grasslands （5.82 g C/（m2·a）） and saline meadows （2.90 g C/（me.a））. ET decreased as follows： among the regions, Tianshan Mountains （28.95 mm/a）, Northern Xinjiang （8.11 mm/a） and Southern Xinjiang （7.57 mm/a）; and among the grassland types, mid-mountain meadows （29.30 mm/a）, swamp meadows （25.07 mm·a）, typical grasslands （24.56 mm/a）, alpine meadows （20.69 mm/a）, desert grasslands （11.06 mm/a） and saline meadows （3.44 mm/a）. WUE decreased as follows： among the regions, Northern Xinjiang （0.053 g C/kg H2O）, Tianshan Mountains （0.034 g C/kg H2O） and Southern Xinjiang （0.012 g C/kg H2O）; and among the grassland types, typical grasslands （0.0609 g C/kg H2O）, swamp meadows （0.0548 g C/kg H2O）, mid-mountain meadows （0.0501 g C/kg H2O）, desert grasslands （0.0172 g C/kg H2O）, alpine meadows （0.0121 g C/kg H2O） and saline meadows （0.0067 g C/kg H2O）. In general, the decreases in NPP and WUE were more significant in the regions with relatively h

关键词： grazing effect grassland type net primary productivity evapotranspiration water use efficiency BiomeBGC grazing model

Mapping of Regional Soil Salinities in Xinjiang and Strategies for Amelioration and Management

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Chinese Geographical Science 2015年第3期25卷 321-336页

作者： WANG Fei CHEN Xi luo geping HAN Qifei State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Information on the spatial distribution of soil salinity can be used as guidance in avoiding the continued degradation of land and water resources by better informing policy makers. However, most regional soil-salinity maps are produced through a conventional direct-linking method derived from historic observations. Such maps lack spatial details and are limited in describing the evolution of soil salinization in particular instances. To overcome these limitations, we employed a method that included an integrative hierarchical-sampling strategy(IHSS) and the Soil Land Inference Model(So LIM) to map soil salinity over a regional area. A fuzzy c-means(FCM) classifier is performed to generate three measures, comprising representative grade, representative area, and representative level(membership). IHSS employs these three measures to ascertain how many representative samples are appropriate. Through this synergetic assessment, representative samples are obtained and their soil-salinity values are measured. These samples are input to So LIM, which is constructed based on fuzzy logic, to calculate the soil-forming environmental similarities between representative samples and other locations. Finally, a detailed soil-salinity map is produced through an averaging function that is linearly weighted, which is used to integrate the soil salinity value and soil similarity. This case study, in the Uyghur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang of China, demonstrates that the employed method can produce soil salinity map at a higher level of spatial detail and accuracy. Twenty-three representative points are determined. The results show that 1) the prediction is appropriate in Kuqa Oasis(R2 = 0.70, RPD = 1.55, RMSE = 12.86) and Keriya Oasis(R2 = 0.75, RPD = 1.66, RMSE = 10.92), that in Fubei Oasis(R2 = 0.77, RPD = 2.01, RMSE = 6.32) perform little better than in those two oases, according to the evaluation criterion. 2) Based on all validation samples from three oases, accuracy estimation show the employed method(R2 = 0.74, RPD = 1.67

关键词：新疆维吾尔自治区水资源管理土壤盐度测绘多元线性回归模型土壤含盐量土壤盐碱化土地资源

Stability of patches of oasis landscape in arid areas:A case study of Sangong River Watershed,Xinjiang,China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A1期51卷 92-100页

作者： luo geping ZHOU Chenghu CHEN Xi Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Institute of Geographical Science and Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

绿洲的稳定性是在进化的过程和在干旱区域的绿洲的管理的关键科学问题之一。绿洲和它的表示的稳定性在不同规模也是不同的。这篇论文在 Tianshan 山的 Sangong 河分水岭与案例研究在风景补丁规模处理绿洲的稳定性。我们采用了 ther 激... 详细信息

绿洲的稳定性是在进化的过程和在干旱区域的绿洲的管理的关键科学问题之一。绿洲和它的表示的稳定性在不同规模也是不同的。这篇论文在 Tianshan 山的 Sangong 河分水岭与案例研究在风景补丁规模处理绿洲的稳定性。我们采用了 ther 激动地表达感情到进程 ther 的察觉到的、地理信息系统和数学统计方法激动地表达感情在 1978， 1987 和 1998 察觉到三个时期的图象，并且为在风景补丁规模代表绿洲稳定性提出途径。绿洲补丁的风景控制能力是动态风景变化的一种自然驱动力。在有它在它和另外的补丁之间的区域和形状复杂性和对比的风景变化增加以后的某个补丁类型的控制能力，和有它在它和另外的补丁之间的空间距离的还原剂。有最强壮的控制能力的补丁类型应该是风景的矩阵。绿洲风景补丁的变换源于自然、人为的驱动力，特别地人为的驱动力。变换比例越高，越多降低补丁类型的稳定性并且人为的骚乱越更强壮。有在在 1987 的 Sangong 河分水岭的最强壮的网控制能力的补丁类型是荒芜的草地，它是风景的矩阵；但是风景的矩阵在 1987 和 1998 被变成了灌溉陆地。绿洲风景进化上的风景补丁的控制能力逐渐地在程度也逐渐地减少了的 Sangong 河分水岭，和变化与时间减少了。这表明在风景补丁类型之中的相互作用通常通常趋于到还原剂，和绿洲风景补丁的自然稳定性趋于增加。然而，在风景补丁之中的变换由于集中的人的活动的增加更经常发生，它可能在绿洲风景引起环境资源补丁的更低的稳定性和介绍补丁的更高的稳定性。

关键词：稳定性景观保护绿洲 GIS 遥感 NDVI

An analysis of oasis stability in arid areas:a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains

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Journal of Arid Land 2009年第1期1卷 49-56页

作者： luo, geping Lu, Lei Yin, ChangYing Feng, YiXing Chinese Acad Sci Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog Urumqi 830011 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

This paper discusses oasis stability at regional scale with a case study in the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM). The results showed certain significant aspects. (1) As long as water resources in the oasis keep stable and their utilization efficiency can be maintained or gradually increased, the primary productivity could be continuously increased and the natural primary productivity keeped relatively stable. In this case, it is considered that the oasis is stable and its sustainable development can be achieved at regional scale. (2) Considering the availability of water resources in the oases, the oases on the alluvial-diluvial fans are highly stable. In the alluvial plain downstream of the groundwater overflowing zones the oases are moderately stable and in the lacustrine deltas or dry lacustrine deltas the oases are lowly stable. (3) Enlargement of oases and the increase of water resources and vegetation coverage in the oasis will certainly enhance the 'cold-island effect' of the oasis and increase the stability of oases.

关键词： oasis stability regional scale geographical location 'cold-island effect' the northern slope areas of the Tianshan Mountains

Temporal and spatial variability response of groundwater level to land use/land cover change in oases of arid areas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第A1期51卷 51-59页

作者： YAN Jinfeng CHEN Xi luo geping GUO Quanjun Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Yijian Hydro-geology Engineering Corporation of XPCC Urumqi 830009 China

这份报纸由使用地理信息系统(GIS ) 在 Sangong 河分水岭在干旱绿洲在地下水水平的时间、空间的可变性上在陆地使用 / 盖住变化(LUCC ) 的影响上进行案例研究，遥感(RS ) 和 geostatistical 方法。在在 1978， 1987 和 1998 的分水岭的... 详细信息

这份报纸由使用地理信息系统(GIS ) 在 Sangong 河分水岭在干旱绿洲在地下水水平的时间、空间的可变性上在陆地使用 / 盖住变化(LUCC ) 的影响上进行案例研究，遥感(RS ) 和 geostatistical 方法。在在 1978， 1987 和 1998 的分水岭的地下水水平的时间、空间的可变性是由使用 semivariogram 模型和 Kriging 插值的 regressed。在 1978 从天线图象导出的 LUCC 分类地图，在 1987 的 Landsat TM 图象和在 1998 的 Landsat ETM 图象被用来迭加并且与地下水深度的不同等值线图在这些区域分析 LUCC 类型的变换关系。结果证明地下水的变化再装不在整个绿洲是那么重要的，但是时间、空间的 LUCC 在从 1978 ～ 1998 的 20 年的时期期间在正常流动时期或在高流动时期是重要的，并且在他们之间有靠近的关联。通常有地下水水平(33.4%) 的中等空间关联，并且空间自相关距离是 17.78 km。地下水水平严厉地被改变的区域也是陆地资源逐渐地被利用的区域，它主要包括农田，树林，和大楼的利用，工业并且采矿陆地。学习表明 LUCC 强烈在干旱绿洲影响地下水水平的时间、空间的可变性。学习结果具有为讲道理地利用浅地下水资源并且维持干旱绿洲的稳定性的直接、实际的意义。

关键词： LUCC 地下水位水资源半方差图克里格法

An analysis of oasis evolution based on land use and land cover change： A case study in the Sangong River Basin on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第2期27卷 223-239页

作者： ZHANG Qi luo geping LI Longhui ZHANG Miao LV Nana WANG Xinxin State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CAS Urumqi830011 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 China

This study investigated oasis evolution and the changes of peripheral desert in the Sangong River Basin since the 1950 s by rebuilding seven land cover maps derived from black-and-white aerial photographs（1958, 1968, and 1978）, a color-infrared aerial photograph（1987）, Landsat Thematic Mapper（TM） imagery（1998）, Satellite Pour l＇Observation de la Terre（SPOT） imagery（2004）, and Landsat Operational Land Imager（OLI） imagery（2014）. The results showed that：（1） Since 1950, the oasis consecutively expanded more than four times from an alluvial fan to an alluvial plain, causing the shrinkage of desert landscapes that were dominated by a Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge community（HBC） and a Tamarix chinensis Lour community（TLC）. Furthermore, the primary（1958–1968） and final（2004– 2014） stages were the most important periods, during which agricultural land experienced the most rapid expansion during the period 1958–1968, and the built-up area showed the most rapid expansion after the 2000 s.（2） Two basic management modes, a ＂local mode＂ formed by the local governments and a ＂farm management mode＂ developed by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, together promoted oasis evolution under various land-use and landcover（LULC） stages.（3） The evolution of the modern oasis during the 1950s–2004 showed the general features of an arid oasis, while during the period of 2004–2014 it was characterized by a large-scale inter-basin water diversion or the import of new water sources.（4） The oasis expanded at the expense of desert vegetation, resulting in distinct variation in the structure of the desert plant community, which will make it more difficult to protect the desert ecosystem.

关键词： oasis evolution land-use and land-cover change desert plant community land management Sangong River Basin