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专用肥用量对油菜籽产量及品质的影响

中国油料作物学报 2024年第2期46卷 359-369页

作者：方雯任涛刘方舟蒋博鲁明星张哲鲁剑巍华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心湖北武汉430070 湖北省油菜办公室湖北武汉430070 全国农业技术推广服务中心北京100125

肥料是保障农作物生长的重要物质基础,油菜专用配方肥施用作为油菜轻简化种植的关键技术在生产中广泛应用,明确兼顾丰产和优质双重目标的油菜专用配方肥适宜用量将为油菜绿色高质生产提供关键技术支撑。通过2020-2021年在湖北省江陵县... 详细信息

肥料是保障农作物生长的重要物质基础,油菜专用配方肥施用作为油菜轻简化种植的关键技术在生产中广泛应用,明确兼顾丰产和优质双重目标的油菜专用配方肥适宜用量将为油菜绿色高质生产提供关键技术支撑。通过2020-2021年在湖北省江陵县、沙洋县及洪湖市等3个地点的田间试验,设置了0、450、600、750和900 kg/hm^(2)5个肥料用量,研究不同专用配方肥用量对油菜产量、产量构成因子、养分含量及品质的影响。施用专用配方肥可显著提高单株角果数、每角粒数及千粒重,进而提升油菜籽产量。与不施肥处理相比,专用配方肥施用量为900kg/hm^(2)时,单株角果数、每角粒数及千粒重平均值分别增加277.4%、17.9%和9.2%,油菜籽增产率达300%。油菜专用配方肥的施用显著影响了油菜籽油分及蛋白质含量,与不施肥处理相比,油菜籽蛋白质含量在专用配方肥用量为900 kg/hm^(2)时最高,增长率为16.0%~34.6%,而含油量最低,相较于不施肥降低了4.4%~11.6%。相关性分析表明,增施专用肥显著增加了油菜籽产量、含水率、蛋白质、芥酸及脂肪酸组成,减少了油菜籽硫甙含量。兼顾产量、油菜籽品质和饲用等方面,专用肥用量控制在750~900 kg/hm^(2)时,能够在获得较高的菜籽产量及蛋白质产量的同时,菜籽中硫甙、芥酸及饱和脂肪酸的生成增幅较小并提高了产油量。要在油菜增产的基础上继续追求品质提升,可结合不同地力条件,适量增加中微量元素,以进一步提高油菜籽含油率和改善脂肪酸的组成,实现产量与品质的协同。

关键词：油菜专用肥适宜用量产量品质相关性分析

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基于VCU故障诊断与处理系统测试验证分析

内燃机与配件 2024年第17期 12-14页

作者：陶飞飞卢剑伟合肥工业大学汽车与交通工程学院安徽合肥230009

对比传统轿车来说,纯电动汽车具有三个突出的优点:零排放、噪声小和回收制动能量。越来越多的电子器件应用于纯电动汽车,导致纯电动汽车诊断难度也越来越大。因此,对电动汽车的故障诊断系统的研究也是迫切需要的。本文故障诊断与处理系... 详细信息

对比传统轿车来说,纯电动汽车具有三个突出的优点:零排放、噪声小和回收制动能量。越来越多的电子器件应用于纯电动汽车,导致纯电动汽车诊断难度也越来越大。因此,对电动汽车的故障诊断系统的研究也是迫切需要的。本文故障诊断与处理系统比较详尽地分析了纯电动汽车的动力系统的失效模式,不管是为后期的纯电动汽车故障维修还是新车型的研发都带来了极大地参考性。另外,建立了一套基于整车控制器的故障诊断软件逻辑算法。同时理论联系实际,引用中位值平均滤波算法,优化模拟量采集类电子器件的故障诊断条件,使得此类故障诊断条件更加的合理和精准。

关键词：纯电动轿车整车控制器故障诊断与处理

氮肥用量对玉米-油菜和水稻-油菜轮作模式下油菜产量及氮素吸收利用的影响

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作物学报 2024年第8期50卷 2067-2077页

作者：刘陈王昆昆廖世鹏杨佳群丛日环任涛李小坤鲁剑巍华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心湖北武汉430070

旱-旱和水-旱轮作是我国长江流域冬油菜的典型种植模式,氮养分缺乏是油菜产量主要限制因子。利用2016—2023年在湖北省武汉市布置的裂区同田对比定位试验,探究氮肥用量对不同轮作模式下油菜产量和氮素吸收利用的影响差异,为科学施氮提... 详细信息

旱-旱和水-旱轮作是我国长江流域冬油菜的典型种植模式,氮养分缺乏是油菜产量主要限制因子。利用2016—2023年在湖北省武汉市布置的裂区同田对比定位试验,探究氮肥用量对不同轮作模式下油菜产量和氮素吸收利用的影响差异,为科学施氮提供依据。试验设计的主处理为旱地油菜(玉米-油菜)和水田油菜(水稻-油菜)2种轮作模式,副处理为4个氮肥用量(0 kg N hm^(-2)、75 kg N hm^(-2)、150 kg N hm^(-2)、225 kg N hm^(-2)),分析了油菜产量、产量构成因子和氮素积累量等相关指标。7年试验结果表明,旱地和水田油菜的产量和氮素吸收在不同氮肥投入下的响应存在差异。当不施氮或低施氮(75 kg N hm^(-2))时,水田油菜产量显著高于旱地油菜,分别高出53.9%和20.8%,地上部氮素积累量分别高出57.8%和18.3%;当施氮量为150 kg N hm^(-2)时,2种轮作无显著差异;在高施氮(225 kg N hm^(-2))时,旱地油菜产量和氮素积累量较水田分别增加11.2%和16.0%。旱地油菜的氮肥农学利用效率、贡献率和表观利用率较水田油菜分别平均增加16.5%、20.5%和22.0%,氮肥对旱地油菜的增产潜力更大,但水田油菜季土壤基础氮素供应量较旱地高61.5%,对氮肥的依赖性更小。综上,增加氮肥用量显著提高了油菜产量和氮素积累,水田油菜在低氮投入下表现出较高的稳产性,而旱地油菜在较高氮投入下丰产潜力更高。因此,在实际生产中应根据不同轮作模式调整油菜施氮量,旱地油菜可以适当增加氮肥用量以获得高产,水田油菜要充分利用土壤供氮能力适当控制氮肥用量,以达到油菜高产高效生产和氮肥高效利用的目的。

关键词：玉米-油菜轮作水稻-油菜轮作氮肥用量油菜产量氮素积累量

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Effect of NPK Application on Yield,Nutrients and Water Utilization Under Sudangrass and Ryegrass Rotation Regime

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第7期9卷 1026-1034页

作者： LI Wen-xi lu jian-wei CHEN Fang LI Xiao-kun College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 P.R.China

Sudangrass and ryegrass rotation is a new type of cropping system in jianghan Plain,which develops very fast in recent ***,it is essential to work out the optimal nutrients and water management measures in this new *** effect of NPK fertilizer on yield of forage grass,nutrients and water utilization under sudangrass and ryegrass rotation was studied through continuous pot experiments for three *** results showed that NPK combination could significantly improve the yield of forage *** total yields during the periods of 2005-2006,2006-2007 and 2007-2008 were 1 690.0,2 091.3 and 1 770.7 g/pot,*** yields in PK treatment were 700.7,1 256.9 and 856.3% lower than those of NPK treatment,while the yields in NK treatment were 426.3,384.9 and 792.3% lower than those of NPK treatment,***,the yields in NP treatment were 15.9,4.4 and 10.6% lower than those of NPK treatment,*** NPK combination was found to improve the nutrients uptake,and the total N uptakes during the above periods were 10.0,14.8 and 10.6 times higher than that of PK treatment,respectively,and 3.7,1.8 and 5.1 times higher than those of NK treatment,respectively,but,were similar to NP *** total P uptakes were 4.6,6.8 and 5.3 times higher than those of PK treatment,and were 2.4,2.3 and 2.9 times higher than those of NK treatment,respectively,but were similar to NP *** total K uptakes were 5.2,8.4 and 4.9 times higher than that of PK treatment,3.9,2.3 and 3.9 times higher than those of NK treatment,and 80.9,57.4 and 200.5% higher than those of NP treatment,*** productivity for three years time periods were 16.5,16.1 and 16.2 kg m-3,and were 3.8,5.4 and 4.2 times higher than those of PK treatment,2.3,1.3 and 2.6 times higher than those of NK treatment,and were 16.4,8.8 and 22.4% higher than those of NP treatment,*** soil pH was decreased and soil organic matter was increased in all treatments with in

关键词： sudangrass and ryegrass rotation system NPK fertilizer nutrient uptake water productivity soil nutrition

Regional Evaluation of Winter Rapeseed Response to K Fertilization, K Use Efficiency, and Critical Level of Soil K in the Yangtze River Valley

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第6期10卷 911-920页

作者： ZOU Juan lu jian-wei LI Yin-shui LI Xiao-kun College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R. China

The investigation was carried out to study the response of winter rapeseed to potassium （K） feritlization and the critical soil available K level for current winter rapeseed production in the Yangtze River Valley （YRV） of China. A total of 132 field experiments were conducted in fields of farmers in the major winter rapeseed growing areas in YRV in 2000/2001 and 2004/2005 to 2006/2007 during growing season. Results of these field experiments showed that the average rapeseed yield increment resulting from 100 kg K ha-1 application was 358 kg ha-1, an increase over the control CK （no K） of 18.0% in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. The average internal use efficiency （IE） of K was higher in the CK treatment （21.9 kg grain, kg-1 K uptake） than in the ＋K （100 kg K ha-1） treatment （17.7 kg grain, kg-1 K uptake）. Winter rapeseed required 68.1 kg of K to produce 1 000 kg seed. The recovery efficiency of K fertilizer in rapeseed production averaged 39.3%. The K balance was negative, with an average net removal of 117.6 kg K ha-1 in the CK treatment annually, and 56.8 kg K ha-1 in the ＋K treatment. The results indicated that there was a significant negative relationship between yield increments by K application and soil available K content. Based on the relative yield of CK/＋K at 90% level, the critical level of soil available K （NH4OAc-extractable K） was 135 mg kg-1.

关键词： rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) K fertilizer K use efficiency yield critical level of soil available K

除草与磷肥用量对油菜和杂草生长及磷肥利用率的影响

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中国土壤与肥料 2024年第5期 143-150页

作者：盛倩男董小艳张洋洋廖世鹏任涛李小坤鲁剑巍华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室湖北武汉430070

油菜产量潜力受草害、肥料等影响,优化杂草管理和磷肥用量在直播油菜种植中发挥着关键作用。在湖北省武汉市开展田间试验,设置2种杂草管理措施(不除草、除草)和4个施磷水平(P_(2)O_(5)0、45、90、135 kg·hm^(-2),分别用P_(0)、P_(45)、... 详细信息

油菜产量潜力受草害、肥料等影响,优化杂草管理和磷肥用量在直播油菜种植中发挥着关键作用。在湖北省武汉市开展田间试验,设置2种杂草管理措施(不除草、除草)和4个施磷水平(P_(2)O_(5)0、45、90、135 kg·hm^(-2),分别用P_(0)、P_(45)、P_(90)、P_(135)表示),测定油菜籽产量、产量构成因子、油菜和杂草的生物量及磷积累量,并分析磷肥利用率。结果表明,不论除草与否,P_(90)处理油菜籽产量最高,且与不除草相比,除草后P_(90)油菜籽产量提高了66.3%,施磷和除草均主要通过增加收获密度和单株角果数来促进增产。不论除草与否,在施磷90 kg·hm^(-2)范围内,油菜和杂草的生物量及磷积累量均随施磷量的增加显著增加,除草后更有利于提高油菜相对于杂草的生物量和磷素竞争力;与不除草相比,除草后3个时期的杂草生物量在总生物量中的占比分别平均降低了58.8%、67.1%和60.4%;此外,不除草时杂草磷积累量占总磷积累量的42.0%~62.0%,而除草后这种比值随着生育期进程的推进不断缩小。除草和施磷对油菜磷肥利用率存在显著的交互效应,与不除草相比,除草后油菜的磷肥利用率平均增加了18.2%。在油菜-杂草农田体系中,直播油菜田中杂草养分吸收的情况需要引起重视,除草和施磷可以显著提高油菜的生物量和磷积累量,增加油菜在总体系中的磷肥利用率占比,从空间和养分上削弱杂草的竞争优势,有效地提高油菜产量和磷肥利用率。

关键词：直播油菜磷肥用量田间杂草油菜籽产量磷肥利用率除草

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Synthesis and anti-inflammatory-analgesic activity of 2',4'-difluoro-3-(carbamoyl)biphenyl-4-yl benzoates

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第12期19卷 1419-1422页

作者： Guang Xiang Zhong lu lu Chen jian Li wei Xiao Hu Min You Qi College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 PR China

Eighteen 2′,4′-difluoro-3-（carbamoyl）biphenyl-4-yl benzoates were synthesized from diflunisal in three steps with total yields from 72% to 86%. All compounds were identified by IR, 1^H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic activity for 18 compounds were evaluated. The preliminary assay results showed that compounds 4a and 4p exhibited potent anti-inflammatory-analgesic activity.

关键词： 2′,4′-Difluoro-3-(carbamoyl)biphenyl-4-yl benzoate Anti-inflammatory activity Analgesic activity Diflunisal

Evaluation of nitrogen requirement and efficiency of rice in the region of Yangtze River Valley based on large-scale field experiments

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第10期14卷 2090-2098页

作者： CONG Ri-huan ZHANG Zhi lu jian-wei LI Xiao-kun REN Tao WANG wei-ni Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture/College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University

Overestimation of nitrogen（N） uptake requirement is one of the driving forces of the overuse of N fertilization and the low efficiency of N use in China. In this study, we collected data from 1 844 site-years of rice（Oryza sativa L.） under various rotation cropping systems across the Yangtze River Valley. Selected treatments included without（N0 treatment） and with N application（N treatment） which were recommended by local technicians, with a wide grain range of 1.5–11.9 t ha–1. Across the 1 844 site-years, over 96% of the sites showed yield increase（relative yield〉105%） with N fertilization, and the increase rates decreased from 78.9 to 16.2% within the lowest range 〈4.0 to the highest 〉6.5 t ha–1. To produce one ton of grain, the rice absorbed approximately 17.8 kg N in the N0 treatment and 20.4 kg N in the N treatment. The value of partial factor productivity by N（PFP N） reached a range of 35.2–51.4 kg grain kg–1 with N application under the current recommended N rate. Averaged recovery rate of N（RE N） was above 36.0% in yields below 6.0 t ha–1 and lower than 31.7% in those above 6.0 t ha–1. Soil properties only affected yield increments within low rice yield levels（〈5.5 t ha–1）. There is a poor relationship between N application rates and indigenous nitrogen supply（INS）. From these observations and considering the local INS, we concluded there was a great potential for improvement in regional grain yield and N efficiency.

关键词： nitrogen fertilization yield increment N uptake requirement N efficiency rice

Plant Growth,Yield Components,Economic Responses,and Soil Indigenous K Uptake of Two Cotton Genotypes with Different K-Efficiencies

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第5期10卷 705-713页

作者： jianG Cun-cang XIA Ying CHEN Fang lu jian-wei WANG Yun-hua College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 P.R.China

HG103,a high K-efficiency cotton cultivar with high-yield potential,and LG122,a low K-efficiency cotton cultivar with low-yield potential were used to study the genotypic variation on yield,economic responses,and soil indigenous K exploitation for cotton in pot and field conditions in 2006 and *** indicated that both the cultivars differed significantly in the rate of translocation of dry matter into reproductive organs and the time of running into reproductive *** yield and economic parameters of HG103 were much better than *** content in cotton shells reached the highest level at maturity stage for both *** also showed that the K content in each plant part of HG103 was lower than that of *** two genotypes showed different efficiencies and abilities on absorbing soil rapidly available K and slowly available ***122 showed higher absorption of K rate than HG103 after K fertilization,but on the contrary,HG103 uptake more soil indigenous K than LG122 in no K fertilization *** result indicated that HG103 could tolerant and absorb more soil indigenous K than LG122,under condition of soil K ***122 could grow well and absorb more K nutrient when soil K supply is *** results demonstrated that higher K content in plant tissues and higher K uptake by plant may not an exclusive condition for high yield planting with K *** translocation of more dry matters into reproductive organs is one of the key mechanisms of high K use efficiency in cotton.

关键词： cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) dry matter partitioning K depletion indigenous K uptake economic parameter