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Tailoring electron vortex beams with customizable intensity patterns by electron diffraction holography

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第2期7卷 14-21页

作者： Pengcheng Huo Ruixuan Yu Mingze liu Hui Zhang yan-qing Lu Ting Xu National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

An electron vortex beam(EVB) carrying orbital angular momentum(OAM) plays a key role in a series of fundamental scientific researches, such as chiral energy-loss spectroscopy and magnetic dichroism spectroscopy. So far, almost all the experimentally created EVBs manifest isotropic doughnut intensity patterns. Here, based on the correlation between local divergence angle of electron beam and phase gradient along azimuthal direction, we show that free electrons can be tailored to EVBs with customizable intensity patterns independent of the carried OAM. As proof-of-concept, by using computer generated hologram and designing phase masks to shape the incident free electrons in the transmission electron microscope, three structured EVBs carrying identical OAM are tailored to exhibit completely different intensity patterns. Furthermore, through the modal decomposition, we quantitatively investigate their OAM spectral distributions and reveal that structured EVBs present a superposition of a series of different eigenstates induced by the locally varied geometries. These results not only generalize the concept of EVB, but also demonstrate an extra highly controllable degree of freedom for electron beam manipulation in addition to OAM.

关键词： electron vortex beam orbital angular momentum diffraction holography

Myosteatosis is associated with coronary artery calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 429-439页

作者： Fu-Peng liu Mu-Jie Guo qing yang yan-Ying Li yan-Gang Wang Mei Zhang The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College qingdao University Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining 272029Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Medical Imaging The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining 272029Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Nutrition The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining 272029Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Myosteatosis,rather than low muscle mass,is the primary etiologic factor of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Myosteatosis may lead to a series of metabolic dysfunctions,such as insulin resistance,systematic inflammation,and oxidative stress,and all these dysfunctions are closely associated with the acceleration of T2DM and atherosclerosis.AIM To investigate the association between myosteatosis and coronary artery calcification(CAC)in patients with T2DM.METHODS Patients with T2DM,who had not experienced major cardiovascular events and had undergone both abdominal and thoracic computed tomography(CT)scans,were included.The mean skeletal muscle attenuation was assessed using abdominal CT images at the L3 level.The CAC score was determined from thoracic CT images using the Agatston scoring method.Myosteatosis was diagnosed according to Martin’s criteria.Severe CAC(SCAC)was defined when the CAC score exceeded 300.Logistic regression and decision tree analyses were performed.RESULTS A total of 652 patients with T2DM were enrolled.Among them,167(25.6%)patients had SCAC.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that myosteatosis,age,duration of diabetes,cigarette smoking,and alcohol consumption were independent risk factors of SCAC.Myosteatosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of SCAC(OR=2.381,P=0.003).The association between myosteatosis and SCAC was significant in the younger patients(OR=2.672,95%CI:1.477-4.834,P=0.002),but not the older patients(OR=1.456,95%CI:0.863-2.455,P=0.188),and was more prominent in the population with lower risks of atherosclerosis.The decision tree analyses prioritized older age as the primary variable for SCAC.In older patients,cigarette smoking was the main contributing factor for SCAC,while in younger patients,it was myosteatosis.CONCLUSION Myosteatosis is a novel risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM,especially in the population with younger ages and fewer traditional risk factors.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Myosteatosis Muscle quality Coronary artery calcification Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular diseases

Lung adenocarcinoma with initial binocular symptoms

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 982-984页

作者： Xiao-Lan Zhao yan-qing Jiang Zhen yang Chao-Qun liu Xiao-Li yang Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchong 637000Sichuan ProvinceChina

Dear Editor,Lung adenocarcinoma with choroidal metastasis is a common form of cancer,with breast cancer accounting for 40%-53%and lung cancer accounting for 20%-29%of primary cases with choroidal metastases[1].This type of metastatic cancer typically affects people aged 40-70y,and is more prevalent in women than men[1].Ocular symptoms,including vision loss,can be an early indication of the disease,as many tumors are asymptomatic in their early stages.Studies have shown that 40.3%of cases involve the macular region,which explains why ocular symptoms are often the first manifestation of the disease[2].When choroidal metastasis is suspected in patients without a history of cancer,a combination of diagnostic tools should be used to identify the primary source of the tumor.Choroidal tumors can serve as an indication of future lung cancer diagnosis in some patients with lung cancer[1].In this report,we present a case of bilateral lung adenocarcinoma where ocular symptoms were the first indication of the disease.

关键词： Lung symptoms adenocarcinoma

Sporadic gastrinoma with refractory benign esophageal stricture:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第7期12卷 1284-1289页

作者： Qian-Nan Chen Bing-qing Bai yan Xu Qiao Mei Xiao-Chang liu Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230001Anhui ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Gastrinoma is characterized by an excessive release of gastrin,leading to hypersecretion of gastric acid,subsequently resulting in recurrent peptic ulcers,chronic diarrhea,and even esophageal strictures.This case report aims to improve awareness and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of gastrinoma by presenting a rare case of gastrinoma with refractory benign esophageal stricture(RBES).Additionally,it highlights the persistent challenges that gastroenterologists encounter in managing RBES.CASE SUMMARY This case demonstrates a patient with gastrinoma who developed RBES and complete esophageal obstruction despite management with maximal acid suppressive therapy,multiple endoscopic bougie dilations and endoscopic incisional therapy(EIT).CONCLUSION It is essential to diagnose gastrinoma as early as possible,as inadequately controlled acid secretion over an extended period increases the risk of developing severe esophageal strictures.In patients with esophageal strictures causing complete luminal obstruction,blind reopening EIT presents challenges and carries a high risk of perforation.

关键词： Gastrinoma Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Neuroendocrine neoplasm Chronic diarrhea Refractory benign esophageal stricture Case report

Insight into the role of ethylene glycol on thermodynamics and nucleation kinetics of dimethyl terephthalate in mixed solvent system

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 1-12页

作者： Yujin Zhang Chunyan Shi Jing Tang Li liu Dongxia yan qing Zhou Xingmei Lu Songyan Jia College of Chemical Engineering Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang110142China Bejing Key Laboratoryoflonic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key LaboratoryofGreen Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratoryof Multiphase Complex SystemsInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071China Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Dissolution and nucleation are two essential processes for industrial crystallization.This paper in-vestigates the effect of ethylene glycol addition on the crystallization behavior of dimethyl terephthalate(DMT)in solution.The DMT solubility in mixed solvent system(methanol-ethylene glycol)was deter-mined by isothermal satiation approach,and the solubility was associated using seven models.The model fitting results were consistent with the experimental values.Based on the results,the metastable zone width(MSZW)of DMT was detected by the polythermal approach;the modified Sangwal's theory was used to investigate the nucleation behavior,which can provide a new way of thought for better analysis of the crystallization behavior.The results demonstrated that MSZW was associated with various elements,such as cooling rate,saturation temperature and mass fraction of ethylene glycol.The addition of ethylene glycol slowed down the nucleation rate as shown by the broadening of MSZW.We derive the solid-liquid interface energy,the nucleation driving force,the critical nucleation size and the critical Gibbs free energy according to the classical nucleation theory.It is demonstrated that the nucleation driving force and the solid-liquid interface energy are dependent and jointly influence the MSZW.

关键词： Dissolution Nucleation Solubility Apparent thermodynamic parameters Metastable zone width Solid-liquid interface energy

High glucose promotes macrophage M1 polarization through miR-32/Mef2d/cAMP signaling pathway

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 539-541页

作者： Cong Chen Jingsong Cao yan Gao Xiaoping Xie Zhibo Zhao qing Yuan Yuqi He Xuyu Zu Jianghua liu The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Clinical Research in DiabetesHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan 421001China The First Affiliated Hospital Department of Laboratory MedicineHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan 421001China The First Affiliated Hospital Institute of OncologyHengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunan 421001China

Chronic inflammation is a crucial inducerof diabetesvascular complications.Onereason is that high glucose easily induces macrophage activation.1 Macrophages are the principal participants in innate immunity and exist in all human tissues.In pathological vascular,infiltrated macrophages secrete inflammatory factors leading to an increase in plaque stability.?In macrophage polarization,autophagy plays an important role.Enhancement of macrophage autophagy could induce macrophage polarization from the M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype and inhibit inflammatory reactions.3 Our previous research found that high glucose condition promotes miR-32 expression and macrophage M1 polarization,4 but the mechanism of miR-32 promoting macrophage M1 polarization is unclear.In this study,we found that,under a high-glucose condition,miR-32/Mef2d/cAMP signaling promoted M1 macrophage polarization via inhibited autophagy.These results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of T2D vascular inflammation.

关键词： macrophage miR prevention

Comprehensive evaluations of heat transfer performance with conjugate heat dissipation effect in high-speed rotating free-disk modeling of aero-engines

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 611-623页

作者： Aqiang Lin Gaowen liu Ran Chang yan Chen qing Feng School of Power and Energy Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710129China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Thermal Science in Aero-engine System Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Research&Development Institute of Northwester

Thermal boundary conditions of the turbine disk cavity system are of great importance in the design of secondary air systems in aero-engines.This study aims to investigate the complex heat transfer mechanisms of a rotating turbine disk under high-speed conditions.A high-speed rotating free-disk model with Dorfman empirical solutions is developed to evaluate the heat transfer performance considering various factors.Specifically,the influence of compressibility,variable properties,and heat dissipation is determined using theoretical and numerical analyses.In particular,a novel combined solution method is proposed to simplify the complex heat transfer problem.The results indicate that the heat transfer performance of a free disk is primarily influenced by the rotating Mach number,rotating Reynolds number,Rossby number,and wall temperature ratio.The heat transfer temperature and Nusselt number of the free disk are strongly correlated with the rotating Mach number and rotating Reynolds number.Analysis reveals that heat dissipation is a critical factor affecting the accurate evaluation of the heat transfer performance of the turbine disk.Thus,the combined solution method can serve as a reference for future investigations of flow and heat transfer in high-speed rotating turbine disk cavity systems in aero-engines.

关键词： Aero-engine Rotating turbine disk Dimensional analysis Compressibility Heat dissipation Dorfman empirical solution

Experimental investigation into the salinity effect on the physicomechanical properties of carbonate saline soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1883-1895页

作者： Jiejie Shen qing Wang Yating Chen Xuefei Zhang yan Han Yaowu liu College of Construction Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun130026China Shandong Zhengyuan Geological Resources Exploration Co.Ltd. Jinan250013China China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute Beijing100120China

For engineering structures with saline soil as a filling material,such as channel slope,road subgrade,etc.,the rich soluble salt in the soil is an important potential factor affecting their safety performance.This study examines the Atterberg limits,shear strength,and compressibility of carbonate saline soil samples with different NaHCO3 contents in Northeast China.The mechanism underlying the influence of salt content on soil macroscopic properties was investigated based on a volumetric flask test,a mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)test,and a scanning electron microscopic(SEM)test.The results demonstrated that when NaHCO3 contents were lower than the threshold value of 1.5%,the bound water film adsorbed on the surface of clay particles thickened continuously,and correspondingly,the Atterberg limits and plasticity index increased rapidly as the increase of sodium ion content.Meanwhile,the bonding force between particles was weakened,the dispersion of large aggregates was enhanced,and the soil structure became looser.Macroscopically,the compressibility increased and the shear strength(mainly cohesion)decreased by 28.64%.However,when the NaHCO3 content exceeded the threshold value of 1.5%,the salt gradually approached solubility and filled the pores between particles in the form of crystals,resulting in a decrease in soil porosity.The cementation effect generated by salt crystals increased the bonding force between soil particles,leading to a decrease in plasticity index and an improvement in soil mechanical properties.Moreover,this work provides valuable suggestions and theoretical guidance for the scientific utilization of carbonate saline soil in backfill engineering projects.

关键词： Carbonate saline soil Salt content Physicomechanical properties Bound water Microstructure

Fabrication of porous adsorbents from eco-friendly aqueous foam for high-efficient removal of cationic dyes and sustainable utilization assessment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 395-406页

作者： Fangzhi Duan Yongfeng Zhu yan liu Aiqin Wang Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province Center of Eco-material and Green ChemistryLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Porous materials applied in environmental remediation have received researchers'extensive attention recently,but the related green and convenient preparation method is rarely reported.Here,we recommended a green and convenient strategy for the fabrication of porous material via aqueous foam templates,which was synergistically stabilized by Codonopsis pilosula(CP)and clay minerals of attapulgite(APT).The characterization results revealed that the APT was modified by organic molecules leached from CP and anchored at the air-water interface,which improved the foam stability significantly.The novel porous material of polyacrylamide/Codonopsis pilosula/attapulgite(PAM/CP/APT)templated from the aqueous foam via a polymerization reaction had excellent adsorption capacity for the cationic dyes methyl violet(MV)and methylene blue(MB),and the adsorption capacity can reach 755.85 mg/g and557.64 mg/g,respectively.More importantly,the adsorption capacity of spent adsorbent material was still over 200 mg/g after being recycled five times through a simple carbonization process,and then it was added to the plant pot,the total biomass was increased by about86.42%.This study provided a green and sustainable pathway for the preparation,application and subsequent processing of porous materials.

关键词： Porous material Aqueous foam Atapulgite Adsorption Cationic dyes Sustainable utilization