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Improved multi-scale inverse bottleneck residual network based on triplet parallel attention for apple leaf disease identification

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 901-922页

作者： lei Tang Jizheng yi Xiaoyao li College of Computer&Information Engineering Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center Changsha 410000China

Accurate diagnosis of apple leaf diseases is crucial for improving the quality of apple production and promoting the development of the apple industry. However, apple leaf diseases do not differ significantly from image texture and structural information. The difficulties in disease feature extraction in complex backgrounds slow the related research progress. To address the problems, this paper proposes an improved multi-scale inverse bottleneck residual network model based on a triplet parallel attention mechanism, which is built upon ResNet-50, while improving and combining the inception module and ResNext inverse bottleneck blocks, to recognize seven types of apple leaf(including six diseases of alternaria leaf spot, brown spot, grey spot, mosaic, rust, scab, and one healthy). First, the 3×3 convolutions in some of the residual modules are replaced by multi-scale residual convolutions, the convolution kernels of different sizes contained in each branch of the multi-scale convolution are applied to extract feature maps of different sizes, and the outputs of these branches are multi-scale fused by summing to enrich the output features of the images. Second, the global layer-wise dynamic coordinated inverse bottleneck structure is used to reduce the network feature loss. The inverse bottleneck structure makes the image information less lossy when transforming from different dimensional feature spaces. The fusion of multi-scale and layer-wise dynamic coordinated inverse bottlenecks makes the model effectively balances computational efficiency and feature representation capability, and more robust with a combination of horizontal and vertical features in the fine identification of apple leaf diseases. Finally, after each improved module, a triplet parallel attention module is integrated with cross-dimensional interactions among channels through rotations and residual transformations, which improves the parallel search efficiency of important features and the recogniti

关键词： multi-scale module inverse bottleneck structure triplet parallel attention apple leaf disease

Effects of landscape fragmentation of plantation forests on carbon storage in the Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第2期16卷 266-281页

作者： lei Hangyu DUAN Dantong CHEN yi GUO Huifeng li Jiangtao li Xiang College of Landscape Architecture and Art Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Tree plantation and forest restoration are the major strategies for enhancing terrestrial carbon sequestration and mitigating climate *** Grain for Green Project in China has positively impacted global carbon sequestration and the trend towards fragmentation of plantation *** studies have been conducted on changes in plantation biomass and stand structure caused by fragmentation,and the effect of fragmentation on the carbon storage of plantation forests remains *** study evaluated the differences between carbon storage and stand structure in black locust forests in fragmented and continuous landscape in the Ansai District,China and discussed the effects of ecological significance of four landscape indices on carbon storage and tree *** used structural equation modelling to explore the direct and indirect effects of fragmentation,edge,abiotic factors,and stand structure on above-ground carbon *** at breast height(DBH)in fragmented forests was 53.3%thicker,tree density was 40.9%lower,and carbon storage was 49.8%higher than those in continuous forests;for all given DBH>10 cm,the trees in fragmented forests were shorter than those in continuous *** patch area had a negative impact on carbon storage,i.e.,the higher the degree of fragmentation,the lower the density of the tree;and fragmentation and distance to edge(DTE)directly increased canopy ***,canopy coverage directly decreased carbon storage,and fragmentation directly increased carbon storage and tree *** non-commercial forests,fragmentation reduces the carbon storage potential of plantation,and the influence of patch area,edge,and patchy connection on plantation should be considered when follow-up trees are planted and for the plantation ***,expanding the area of plantation patches,repairing the edges of complex-shaped patches,enhancing the connectivity of similar patches,and applying nutrients to plantation forests at regular i

关键词： landscape fragmentation plantation carbon storage tree allometry tree density structural equation modelling

Degradation analysis and doping modification optimization for high-voltage P-type layered cathode in sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 1-9,I0002页

作者： Bao Zhang yi Zhao Minghuang li Qi Wang lei Cheng lei Ming Xing Ou Xiaowei Wang National Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals School of Metallurgy and EnvironmentCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina Zhejiang Power New Energy Co. LTDZhuji 311800ZhejiangChina

Advancing high-voltage stability of layered sodium-ion oxides represents a pivotal avenue for their progress in energy storage *** this,a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underpinning their structural deterioration at elevated voltages remains insufficiently *** this study,we unveil a layer delamination phenomenon of Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.3)Mn_(0.7)O_(2)(NNM)within the 2.0-4.3 V voltage,attributed to considerable volumetric fluctuations along the c-axis and lattice oxygen reactions induced by the simultaneous Ni^(3+)/Ni^(4+)and anion redox *** introducing Mg doping to diminished Ni-O antibonding,the anion oxidation-reduction reactions are effectively mitigated,and the structural integrity of the P2 phase remains firmly intact,safeguarding active sites and precluding the formation of novel *** Na_(0.67)Mg_(0.05)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.7)O_(2)(NMNM-5)exhibits a specific capacity of100.7 mA h g^(-1),signifying an 83%improvement compared to the NNM material within the voltage of2.0-4.3 *** investigation underscores the intricate interplay between high-voltage stability and structural degradation mechanisms in layered sodium-ion oxides.

关键词： Soidum ion batteries Layer cathode materials P-type High-voltage performance Degradation analysis

Sustainable development of electroencephalography materials and technology

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SusMat 2024年第2期4卷 125-144页

作者： ling Xiong Nannan li yi Luo lei Chen Institutes for Breast Health Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory Microsystem and Terahertz Research CenterChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsChengduChina Institute of Electronic Engineering China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyangChina Department of Neurology Joint Research Institution of Altitude HealthWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina

Electroencephalogram(EEG)is one of the most important bioelectrical signals related to brain activity and plays a crucial role in clinical *** by continuously expanding applications,the development of EEG materials and technology has attracted considerable ***,systematic analysis of the sustainable development of EEG materials and technology is still *** review discusses the sustainable development of EEG materials and ***,the developing course of EEG is introduced to reveal its significance,particularly in clinical ***,the sustainability of the EEG materials and technology is discussed from two main aspects:integrated systems and EEG *** integrated systems,sustainability has been focused on the developing trend toward mobile EEG systems and big-data monitoring/analyzing of EEG *** is related to miniaturized,wireless,portable,and wearable systems that are integrated with big-data modeling *** EEG electrodes and materials,sustainability has been comprehensively analyzed from three perspectives:performance of different material/structural categories,sustainablematerials for EEGelectrodes,and sustainable manufacturing *** addition,sustainable applications of EEG have been ***,the sustainable development of EEG materials and technology in recent decades is summarized,revealing future possible research directions as well as urgent challenges.

关键词： clinical medicine electroencephalography technology limitations and future directions materials and electrodes sustainable development

Atomistic study on the microscopic mechanism of grain boundary embrittlement induced by small dense helium bubbles in iron

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 84-95页

作者： lei Peng Yong-Jie Sun Jing-yi Shi yi-Fei liu Shang-Ming Chen liu-liu li State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610213China

The helium bubbles induced by 14 MeV neutron irradiation can cause intergranular fractures in reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel,which is a candidate structural material for fusion *** order to elucidate the susceptibility of different grain boundaries(GBs)to helium-induced embrittlement,the tensile fracture processes of 10 types of GBs with and without helium bubbles in body-centered cubic(bcc)iron at the relevant service temperature of 600 K were investigated via molecular dynamics *** results indicate that in the absence of helium bubbles,the GBs studied here can be classified into two distinct categories:brittle GBs and ductile *** atomic scale analysis shows that the plastic deformation of ductile GB at high temperatures originates from complex plastic deformation mechanisms,including the Bain/Burgers path phase transition and deformation twinning,in which the Bain path phase transition is the most dominant plastic deformation ***,the presence of helium bubbles severely inhibits the plastic deformation channels of the GBs,resulting in a significant decrease in elongation at *** bubble-decorated GBs,the ultimate tensile strength increases with the increase in the misorientation ***,the coherent twin boundary∑3{112}was found to maintain relatively high fracture strength and maximum failure strain under the influence of helium bubbles.

关键词： Helium bubble Grain boundary Embrittlement Reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel Molecular dynamics Bain path

Well-dispersed Sb particles embedded on N-doped carbon nanofibers toward high-performance li-ion battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 2994-3006页

作者： ying li yi-Han Zhao Lu-Lu Zhao Peng-Fei Wang ying Xie Ting-Feng yi School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province School of Resources and MaterialsNortheastern University at Qinhuangdao Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHeilongjiang University

The alloy-type material Sb is widely used in the anode materials of lithium-ion batteries（liBs） due to its high theoretical specific ***,its serious volume expansion problem during alloying/dealloying of li+limits its practical *** this work,C-Sb composite was constructed as anode material of liBs by electrospinning route for the first time,Sb was introduced into the polyacrylonitrile-based hard carbon and coal tar pitch-based soft carbon composite amorphous carbon fiber with a diameter of 300-600 nm,which realized high cycling *** C-Sb-2（the mass ratio of polyacrylonitrile to Sb source is 1:2） electrode displayed charge capacities of 1098.5,930.3,841.7,753.5,643.9 and 545.8 mAh·g-1at 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.5,1 and 2 A·g-1,*** when the current density returned to 0.1 A·g-1,the charge capacity was 939.3 mAh·g-1,revealing good stability and *** introduction of Sb into the amorphous carbon improved its conductivity and addressed the volume expansion issue of high specific capacity Sb during charge/***-situ XRD analysis confirmed the high reversibility of the C-Sb-2 during charging and *** functional theory（DFT） calculations revealed the gradual enhancement of the interface interaction between Sbxliyand amorphous carbon（AMC） with increasing lithium content,contributing to the anchoring of alloy nanoparticles on the AMC surface and buffering the volume change of the ***,the gradual lithiation of Sb facilitated the electron transfer from Sbxliyto *** findings hold promise for designing lithium storage materials with exceptional performance,highlighting the potential of C-Sb composites as anode materials for efficient next-generation lithium storage.

关键词： li-ion battery Metallic Sb Carbon Electrospinning Cycling stability

Honokiol Prevents Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Mice with Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Inhibits JAK/STAT1 Pathway and Acetylation of HMGB1

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第6期30卷 534-542页

作者： li Jie CHEN Ya-feng GAO lei li yi-jie FENG Dian-xu Department of General Surgery Putuo HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai200062China

Objective To investigate the effect of honokiol(HON)and the role of high-mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)on the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).Methods Thirty mice were numbered according to weight,and randomly divided into 5 groups using a random number table,including control,SAP,SAP and normal saline(SAP+NS),SAP and ethyl pyruvate(SAP+EP),or SAP+HON groups,6 mice in each *** of pancreas,intestine,and blood were collected 12 h after SAP model induction for examination of pathologic changes,immune function alterations by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(EliSA),and Western *** vitro experiments,macrophages were divided into 5 groups,the control,lipopolysaccharide(LPS),LPS+DMSO(DMSO),LPS+anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody(mAb),and LPS+HON *** tight connection level was determined by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescein *** location and acetylation of HMGB1 were measured by Western ***,pyridone 6 and silencing signal transducer and activator of the transcription 1(siSTAT1)combined with honokiol were added to determine whether the Janus kinase(JAK)/STAT1 participated in the regulation of honokiol on *** protein expression levels of HMGB1,JAK,and STAT1 were detected using Western *** Mice with SAP had inflammatory injury in the pancreas,bleeding of intestinal tissues,and cells with disrupted *** in the SAP+HON group had significantly fewer pathological *** with SAP also had significant increases in the serum levels of amylase,lipase,HMGB1,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,diamine oxidase,endotoxin-1,and *** in the SAP+HON group did not show these abnormalities(Plity,decreased the levels of junctional adhesion molecule C,and elevated intercellular permeability(P<0.01).HON treatment blocked these *** of

关键词： severe acute pancreatitis intestinal barrier dysfunction honokiol high-mobility group protein B1 Januskinase signal transducerand activatorof transcription1

Spatial light modulation for femtosecond laser manufacturing:Current developments and challenges

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 60-72页

作者： ZANG Xue liU ZiTing XU yiShi WANG yi WANG Qing li ZhenZe WANG lei State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Instruments Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Since the invention of lasers,spatial-light-modulated laser processing has become a powerful tool for various *** enables multidimensional and dynamic modulation of the laser beam,which significantly improves the processing efficiency,accuracy,and flexibility,and presents wider prospects over traditional mechanical technologies for machining three-dimensional,hard,brittle,or transparent *** this review,we introduce:(1)The role of spatial light modulation technology in the development of femtosecond laser manufacturing;(2)the structured light generated by spatial light modulation and its generation methods;and(3)representative applications of spatial-light-modulated femtosecond laser manufacturing,including aberration correction,parallel processing,focal field engineering,and polarization ***,we summarize the present challenges in the field and possible future research.

关键词： femtosecond laser manufacturing spatial light modulation structured light aberration correction parallel processing focal field engineering polarization control

C_(Ar)-Br bond cleavage via cooperative EnT/NHC catalysis: mild access to indolines

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 922-927页

作者： yi-Xiong Dong Cao-Bo li Ming-lei Jin Zhong-Hua Gao Song Ye Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and FunctionCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The cooperative visible-light mediated and NHC-catalyzed dearomative arylation-acylation of N-(2-bromobenzoyl)indoles with aldehydes was developed, affording the corresponding highly functionalized polycyclic indolines in moderate to good yields with exclusive diastereoselectivities. Mechanism investigations support the activation of CAr-Br bond via visible-light mediated energy transfer(EnT) and the following single-electron-transfer(SET) with Breslow intermediate under NHC catalysis to give key aryl radical and ketyl radical. This protocol demonstrates the cleavage of CAr-Br bond under mild cooperative EnT/NHC catalysis.

关键词： energy transfer N-heterocyclic carbenes photocatalysis aryl radicals indolines