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livelihood changes and evolution of upland ethnic communities driven by tourism:a case study in Guizhou Province,southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第7期13卷 1313-1332页

作者： li ya-juan VV Hu CHEN Tian HU Jing CUI Hai-yang The College of Urban&Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Wuhan Branch of China Tourism Academy Wuhan 430079China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)Research Center Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China

As an effective livelihood approach to alleviate poverty without rural population migration, ethnic tourism has become the primary choice of economic development in ethnic areas worldwide in addition to traditional livelihood approaches. This article applies the theories of livelihood to study the community evolution driven by tourism livelihood and examine three mountainous tourism communities in different stages of tourist area life cycle. Drawing on the methods of GIS spatial analysis, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, this article proposes a sustainable livelihood framework for ethnic tourism to explore the evolution of ethnic tourism communities by identifying changes in livelihood assets(natural, financial, social, cultural and human capitals) in the process of tourism development. The results show that the development of ethnic tourism has led to changes in the increase of building land, and the diversification of land use functions with a trend of shifting from meeting local villagers' living needs to satisfying tourists, income composition and uneven distribution of tourism income spatially. Ethnic tourism also led to the deterioration of traditional social management structure, collapse of neighboring relationship, the over- commercialization and staged authenticity of ethnic culture, as well as the gradual vanish of agricultural knowledge with a trend of increasing modern business knowledge and higher education. In addition, these changes, involving livelihood assets from natural, economic, human, social and cultural aspects are interrelated and interactive, which form new evolution characters of ethnic community. This study reveals the conflicts over livelihood approaches which have formed new vulnerabilities to impact on sustainable evolution of ethnic communities. This research provides implications for achieving the sustainable development of ethnic communities with the driving force of tourism livelihood.

关键词： Community evolution Tourism livelihood livelihood assets Ethnic tourism Guizhou

Tourism dependence and poverty alleviation thresholds in Chinese ethnic tourism

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第10期19卷 3026-3036页

作者： li ya-juan OUyaNG Chen-xing ZHOU Sheng-yu YU Hu KNIGHT W David Wuhan Branch of China Tourism Academy Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China College of Urban and Environmental Science Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA

Questions persist on the relationship between tourism dependence and economic growth in ethnic tourism *** study addresses such gaps by constructing a threshold regression model based on socio-economic data from 2006 to 2019 for nine sites in Enshi Prefecture of central *** GIS and other open-source data were also used to visualize changing tourism resources in the *** suggest that tourism dependence(the ratio of tourism-based GDP to overall GDP)significantly promotes economic growth in ethnic minority ***,the positive influence of tourism dependence on economic growth appears dynamic and non-linear–rising at first before falling when tourism dependence exceeded a threshold of 34%,with effects varying by site and *** and findings make crucial theoretical contributions to understanding tourism dependence and poverty alleviation *** paper also highlights the importance of political support and balanced investment in diverse industries to minimize decreasing returns beyond tourism dependence thresholds in destinations worldwide.

关键词： Ethnic tourism Tourism dependence Economic growth Threshold effects Poverty alleviation Threshold regression model

Paeoniflorin inhibits macrophage-mediated lung cancer metastasis

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2015年第12期13卷 925-932页

作者： WU Qi CHEN Gang-ling li ya-juan CHEN yang liN Fang-Zhen State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Research Department of PharmacognosyChina Pharmaceutical University Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica China Pharmaceutical University Murad Research Institute for Modernized Chinese Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Alternatively activated macrophages are more frequently involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. A previous study showed that paeoniflorin, the major active constituent of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, can inhibit tumor growth and lung metastases of Lewis lung tumor-bearing mice. This study tried to investigate whether paeoniflorin inhibited lung cancer metastasis by inhibiting the alternative activation of macrophages(M2 macrophage). Using a viability assay, the cytotoxicity of paeoniflorin on Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages were investigated. In vitro scratch wound and in vivo lung metastasis experiments were used to test the ability to inhibit the migration of paeoniflorin and the function of M2 macrophages. Flow cytometry was performed to test the cell cycle of Lewis lung cancer cells, and to test the M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages and subcutaneous transplantable tumor. It was found that paeoniflorin showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of Lewis lung cancer cells and peritoneal macrophages of mouse in vitro. Paeoniflorin could attenuate the migration of LLC stimulated by alternatively activated macrophages(stimulated for 24 h and 48 h, paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 vs control group). Paeoniflorin could decrease the cell populations at S phases(paeoniflorin 10, 30, 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.05 vs control group) and increase the cell populations at G0-G1 phases of Lewis lung cancer cells(paeoniflorin 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.05 vs control group) and reduce the numbers of M2 macrophages in peritoneal macrophages induced by IL-4(paeoniflorin 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 μmol·L-1, P < 0.01 vs Control group). Paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer cells xenograft and decrease the numbers of M2 macrophages in subcutaneous xenograft tumour in vivo(paeoniflorin 20, 40 mg·kg-1, P < 0.01 vs control group). These results suggest that paeoniflorin could reduce lung metastasis of Lewis lung

关键词： Paeoniflorin Lung cancer Metastasis Alternatively activated macrophages Tumor-associated macrophages

Effcts of Irrigation Patterns and Nitrogen Fertilization on Rice Yield and Microbial Community Structure in Paddy Soil

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Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 661-672页

作者： li ya-juan CHEN Xing I.H.SHAMSI FANG Ping liN Xian-Yong Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058(China) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058(China)

Water and nitrogen （N） are considered the most important factors affecting rice production and play vital roles in regulating soil microbial biomass, activity, and community. The effects of irrigation patterns and N fertilizer levels on the soil microbial community structure and yield of paddy rice were investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment was designed with four N levels of 0 （NO）, 126 （N1）, 157.5 （N2）, and 210 kg N ha^（-1）（N3） under two irrigation patterns of continuous water-logging irrigation （Wli） and water- controlled irrigation （WCI）. Phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） analysis was conducted to track the dynamics of soil microbial communities at tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The results showed that the maximums of grain yield, above-ground biomass, and total N uptake were all obtained in the N2 treatment under WCI. Similar variations in total PLFAs, as well as bacterial and fungM PLFAs, were found, with an increase from the tillering to the grain-filling stage and a decrease at the maturity stage except for actinomycetic PLFAs, which decreased continuously from the tillering to the maturity stage. A shift in composition of the microbial community at different stages of the plant growth was indicated by principal component analysis （PCA）, in which the samples at the vegetative stage （tillering stage） were separated from those at the reproductive stage （grain-filling and maturity stages）. Soil microbial biomass, measured as total PLFAs, was significantly higher under WCI than that under Wli mainly at the grain-filling stage, whereas the fungal PLFAs detected under WCI were significantly higher than those under Wli at the tillering, grain-filling, and maturity stages. The application of N fertilizer also significantly increased soil microbial biomass and the main microbial groups both under Wli and WCI conditions. The proper combination of irrigation management and N fertilizer level in this study was the N2 （157.5 kg N ha^（-1）） treatmen

关键词： irrigation management nitrogen levels phospholipid fatty acid rice growth stage soil microorganism

T3098C and T53C Mutations of HBV Genotype C Is Associated with HBV Infection Progress

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期22卷 511-517页

作者： SU-ZHEN JIANG ZHI-YONG GAO TONG li ,ya-juan li XIANO-MEI CHEN liNG WANG FENG-MIN LU HUI ZHUANG Department of Microbiology Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China

Objective To analyze the association between mutation（s） in preS region of HBV and hepatitis B disease progress in Chinese patients with genotype C chronic HBV infection. Methods Ninety-three patients with chronic genotype C HBV infection, including 24 asymptomatic carriers （ASC）, 26 patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB）, 22 patients with liver cirrhosis （LC） and 21 HCC patients were investigated. Levels of HBV DNA, HBeAg, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, asparate transaminase （AST） were measured. HBV preS region was analyzed by PCR direct sequencing. Results The prevalence of preS T3098C and T53C mutations ofgenotype C HBV was significantly higher in LC and HCC patients than ASC and CHB patients. The rate ofT3098C mutation in ASC, CHB, LC, and HCC patients were 0.00% （0/24）, 3.85% （1/26）, 9.09% （2/22）, and 30.77% （8/22）, respectively （P=0.0015）, while the rate of T53C mutation was I2.50% （3/24）, 3.85% （1/26）, 40.91% （9/22）, and 42.31% （11/26）, respectively （P=0.0012）. Conclusion The frequency of genotype C HBV preS T3098C and T53C mutations is associated with hepatitis B infection progression.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Genotype C pre S Mutation Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Hydrothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Thermal Properties of a Novel Samarium Complex with 1D Nano-chain Structure

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2009年第1期25卷 118-121页

作者： li ya-juan liANG Qing SONG Hui-hua JIA Mi-ying SHI Shi-Kao ZHANG Jian-jun College of Chemistry and Material Sciences Experimental Center Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050016 P. R. China.

1 Introduction The design and construction of metal-organic polymers has been a field of rapid growth in materials chemistry because of their intriguing topologies and potential applications as functional materials. In this regard, every effort has been devoted to the deliberate design and control of self-assembly infinite coordination networks via selecting the chemistry structures of ligands, Multidentate carboxylate ligands are widely adopted for construction of coordination frameworks due to their rich coordination modes.

关键词： Samarium complex 1D Nano-chain structure Hydrothermal synthesis Thermal analysis

Inhibitory Effects of Mistletoe Alkali on Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2013年第2期29卷 275-279页

作者： li Mei-hua WANG Yi-shu ZHOU Hong-lan li ya-juan QIU xin-ru WANG Xue-yao ZHAO Yu-yang The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130041 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Pathobiology Ministry of Education School of Basic Medical Sciences The First Hospital 4. College of Pharmacy Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China College of Pharmacy Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China

Mistletoe alkali plays an important role in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma（SACC） cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. Mistletoe alkali shows potent anticaner property. In this paper, immunocytochemical and immunofluorescence staining were employed to evaluate the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear anti- gen（PCNA）, Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Caspase 9. Apoptosis was detected by acridine orange/ethidium bromide （AO/EB） staining, cell invasion ability was assessed by Boyden Chamber assay. Pretreatment with mistletoe alkali markedly decreased PCNA expression in SACC cells in a dose-dependent manner（P〈0.001） and also led to increase the expression of Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Caspase 9 in SACC cells compared with control group（P〈0.001）. Number of apoptotic cells increased dramatically in mistletoe alkali group（P〈0.001）. In Boyden Chamber assay, mistletoe al- kali treatment could inhibit SACC ceils to penetrate the artificial basement membrane compared with control group（P〈0.01）. Mistletoe alkali remarkably inhibited the proliferation and invasion of SACC cells and induced the apoptosis of SACC cells. These results provide an insight into the mechanisms of anticancer effects of mistletoe alka- li, and highlight the potential clinical application of it.

关键词： Mistletoe alkali Adenoid cystic carcinoma cell Proliferation Apoptosis

Characterization of Nitrogen Metabolism in the Low-Nitrogen Tolerant lnt1 Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana Under Nitrogen Stress

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Pedosphere 2010年第5期20卷 623-632页

作者： TENG Yi-Bo li ya-juan FANG Ping LA Gui-Xiao Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 (China) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 (China)

A growth experiment on agar medium and a hydroponics experiment were carried out to study the nitrogen （N） metabolism of a low-N tolerant mutant （lntl） of Arabidopsis thaliana under different N levels as compared with the wild- type （WT） Arabidopsis. On the agar medium, no apparent growth differences were observed between the lntl and WT plants under a normal N level of 9 mmol L^-1 NO3. However, under a low N level of 0.18 mmol L^-1 NO3^-, the growth of the WT plants was greatly retarded, while the lntl plants were not affected by low-N stress and showed similar growth with those grown under a normal N level. In the hydroponics experiment, the lntl mutant had higher activities of glutamine synthetase （GS） and NADH-dependent glutamate synthase （NADH-GOGAT） in both leaves and roots under N-deficient conditions. Moreover, they accumulated less ammonium （NH4^＋） but more free amino acids in leaves compared with the WT plants. These observations suggest that better N assimilation might contribute to the low-N tolerant phenotype of the lnt1 mutant.

关键词： ammonium free amino acids glutamate synthase glutamine synthetase nitrogen assimilation

颈动脉内膜中层厚度与脑卒中的关系及中药干预进展

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中国中药杂志 2014年第5期39卷 759-764页

作者：陈亚李亚娟卞卡上海中医药大学穆拉德中药现代化研究中心上海201203 美国乔治华盛顿大学生物化学与分子生物学系华盛顿dc20052

脑卒中是威胁人类健康的重大疾病之一,及时的早期治疗对脑卒中的防治十分重要。颈动脉内膜中层厚度(carotid intima-media thickness,CIMT)是诊断脑卒中的一个非倾入性指标,且是一个独立的预测因子,其增厚程度可以及时反映出脑卒中的进... 详细信息

脑卒中是威胁人类健康的重大疾病之一,及时的早期治疗对脑卒中的防治十分重要。颈动脉内膜中层厚度(carotid intima-media thickness,CIMT)是诊断脑卒中的一个非倾入性指标,且是一个独立的预测因子,其增厚程度可以及时反映出脑卒中的进展情况,为脑卒中早期治疗提供诊断依据。该研究通过对CIMT与脑卒中及其危险因素的关系的阐述,突出强调了CIMT在预测脑卒中方面的重要作用;通过对CIMT可能的增厚机制的概述,为CIMT的治疗提供切入点,以期对CIMT的中药治疗起到指导作用。

关键词：颈动脉内膜中层厚度脑卒中颈动脉内膜中层增厚机制中药干预综述