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Lineage-specific evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in the giant and red pandas implies dietary adaptation

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第2期13卷 152-159页

作者： lei shan Qi WU Le WANG lei ZHANG Fuwen WEI Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Science BeijingChina Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

Taste 2 receptors(TAS2R)mediate bitterness perception in mammals,thus are called bitter taste *** is believed that these genes evolved in response to species-specific *** giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)and red panda(Ailurus fulgens styani)in the order Carnivora are specialized herbivores with an almost exclusive bamboo diet(>90%bamboo).Because bamboo is full of bitter tasting compounds,we hypothesized that adaptive evolution has occurred at TAS2R genes in giant and red pandas throughout the course of their dietary ***,we characterized 195 TAS2R genes in 9 Carnivora species and examined selective pressures on these *** found that both pandas harbor more putative functional TAS2R genes than other carnivores,and pseudogenized TAS2R genes in the giant panda are different from the red *** purifying selection on TAS2R1,TAS2R9 and TAS2R38 in the giant panda,and TAS2R62 in the red panda,has been strengthened throughout the course of adaptation to bamboo diet,while selective constraint on TAS2R4 and TAS2R38 in the red panda is ***,a few positively selected sites on TAS2R42 have been specifically detected in the giant *** results suggest an adaptive response in both pandas to a dietary shift from carnivory to herbivory,and TAS2R genes evolved independently in the 2 *** findings provide new insight into the molecular basis of mammalian sensory evolution and the process of adaptation to new ecological niches.

关键词： bitter taste receptor gene dietary adaptation giant panda red panda

Visual dual chemodynamic/photothermal therapeutic nanoplatform based on superoxide dismutase plus Prussian blue

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Nano Research 2019年第5期12卷 1071-1082页

作者： shan lei Jinxing Chen Kun Zeng Mozhen Wang Xuewu Ge CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Enzyme-based anticancer therapy is more attractive for the less side effect than conventional ***,the poor stability and low membrane permeability of enzymes during the intracellular delivery are constraints for its practical *** this work,we synthesized novel near-infrared (NIR)-responsive core-shell-structured Prussian blue@fibrous SiO2 (PBFS) nanoparticles as the carrier of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a glutathione (GSH)-activated Fenton reagent (DiFe).The PBFS nanoparticles are further modified with aGSH-responsive cationic polymer (poly(2-(acryloyloxy)-N,N-dimethyl-N-(4-(((2-((2-(((4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)carbamoyl)oxy)ethyl)disulfaneyl)ethoxy)carbonyl)amino)benzyl)ethan-1-aminium,PSS) containing disulfide bonds and *** SOD and DiFe are loaded on the PBFS-PSS nanoparticles,dual chemodynamic/photothermal therapeutic nanoparticulate systems (PBFS-PSS/DiFe/SOD) are *** vitro experiments show that PBFS-PSS/DiFe/SOD nanoparticles have good biocompatibility and can be tracked under fluorescence microscope during the intracellular delivery process in MCF-7 tumor cells due to the GSH-activated release of *** also exhibit high efficiency in NIR photothermal conversion and GSH-activated Fenton reaction in tumor cells,thus achieving high-efficient killing effect of tumor cells based on the combination of photothermal and chemodynamic therapeutic performance (PTT and CDT).This work offers a novel pathway to construct a visual multifunctional nanomedicine platform for future cancer therapy.

关键词： copper-zinc superoxide dismutase Fenton reagent Prussian blue near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy fluorescence

Fuzzy recognition of missile borne multi-line array infrared detection based on size calculating

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第4期17卷 1135-1142页

作者： Bing-shan lei Jing Li Wei-na Hao Ke-ding Yan School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Xi’an Technological UniversityXi’an710021China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Technological UniversityXi’an710021China Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design&Rotor-Bearing System Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

In order to improve the infrared detection and discrimination ability of the smart munition to the dynamic armor target under the complex background,the multi-line array infrared detection system is established based on the combination of the single unit infrared *** surface dimension features of ground armored targets are identified by size calculating solution *** signal response value and the value of size calculating are identified by the method of fuzzy recognition to make the fuzzy classification judgment for armored *** to the characteristics of the target signal,a custom threshold de-noising function is proposed to solve the problem of signal *** multi-line array infrared detection can complete the scanning detection in a large area in a short time with the characteristics of smart munition in the steady-state scanning *** method solves the disadvantages of wide scanning interval and low detection probability of single unit infrared *** reducing the scanning interval,the number of random rendezvous in the infrared feature area of the upper surface is increased,the accuracy of the size calculating is *** experiments results show that in the fuzzy recognition method,the size calculating is introduced as the feature operator,which can improve the recognition ability of the ground armor target with different shape size.

关键词： Multi-line array infrared detection Size calculating Custom threshold de-noising Fuzzy comprehensive discrimination algorithm

Catalase-imprinted Fe3O4/Fe@fibrous SiO2/polydopamine nanoparticles： An integrated nanoplatform of magnetic targeting, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-mode cancer therapy

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Nano Research 2017年第7期10卷 2351-2363页

作者： Jinxing Chen shan lei Kun Zeng Mozhen Wang Anila Asif Xuewu Ge CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230016 China Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCSM) COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Lahore 54000 Pakistan

Recent advances in the research on the molecular mechanism of cell death and methods for preparation of nanomaterials make the integration of various therapeutic approaches, targeting, and imaging modes into a single nanoscale complex a new trend for the development of future nanotherapeutics. Hence, a novel ellipsoidal composite nanoplatform composed of a magnetic Fe3O4/Fe nanorod core （-120 nm） enwrapped by a catalase （CAT）-imprinted fibrous SiO2/ polydopamine （F-SiO2/PDA） shell with thickness 70 nm was prepared in this work. In vitro experiments showed that the Fe3O4/Fe@F-SiO2/PDA nanoparticles can selectively inhibit the bioactivity of CAT in tumor cells by the molecular imprinting technique. As a result, the H2O2 level in tumor cells was elevated dramatically. At the same time, the Fe304FFe core released Fe ions to catalyze the conversion of H2O2 to ＊OH in tumor cells. Eventually, the concentration of ＊OH in tumor cells rapidly rose to a lethal level thus triggering apoptosis. Combined with the remarkable near-infrared light （NIR） photothermal effect of the CAT- imprinted PDA layer, the Fe3O4/Fe@F-SiO2/PDA nanoparticles can effectively kill MCF-7, HeLa, and 293T tumor cells but are not toxic to nontumor cells. Furthermore, these nanoparticles show good capacity for magnetic targeting and suitability for magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. Therefore, the integrated multifunctional nanoplatform opens up new possibilities for high-efficiency visual targeted nonchemo therapy for cancer.

关键词： molecular imprintednanoparticles reactive oxygen species NIR photothermal therapy magnetic targeting magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI)

A correlation analysis method for analyzing tribological states using acoustic emission, frictional coefficient, and contact resistance signals

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Friction 2015年第1期3卷 36-46页

作者： Pengyi TIAN Yu TIAN lei shan Yonggang MENG Xiangjun ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A multi-physical signal correlation analysis method is proposed to identify the different tribological properties of *** acoustic emission(AE),contact resistance,and frictional force behaviors during dry sliding between four metals,45#carbon steel,YG12 carbide,2A12 aluminum alloy,and H62 brass,have been *** positive and negative correlations between the root mean square of the amplified AE(AE RMS)signal and the frictional coefficient have been found in the *** addition,the AE RMS signal and the contact resistance changed with changing sliding speed and normal load in different *** different correlation behaviors have been attributed to diverse tribological states under different experimental conditions due to different material *** correlation analysis provides a new method of quantitatively identifying the tribological states and the AE sources during frictional *** observed anomalous correlations between the AE signal and frictional coefficient should be properly considered according to the different material properties during industrial friction condition monitoring using AE technology.

关键词： acoustic emission correlation analysis dry friction contact resistance

Mechanism of α-Cr precipitation and crystallographic relationships between α-Cr and δ phases in Inconel 718 alloy after long-time thermal exposure

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2010年第3期17卷 312-317页

作者： Zhong-nan Bi Jian-xin Dong Mai-cang Zhang lei Zheng Xi-shan Xie School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

To study the precipitation mechanism of α-Cr phase in Inconel 718 alloy, the samples after long-time aging at 650 and 677℃ were examined by microstructural observations and chemical phase analysis methods. Combining the thermodynamics and kinetics calculation results, α-Cr always precipitates in the vicinity of δ phase, because δ phase rejects Cr into the γ-matrix when growing. The selected area diffraction patterns confirm that the crystallographic relationships of α-Cr with 6 phase are （010）d/（1- 10）*** and [100]d/If 11 ]α-Cr- A graphic model is also presented to show the crystallographic relation between α-Cr and δ phases.

关键词： Inconel 718 precipitation mechanism crystallography thermodynamics kinetics

Recent advances in fluorescence imaging of alkaline phosphatase

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第4期32卷 1316-1330页

作者： Meng Li Bhaskar Gurram shan lei Nicholas TBlum Peng Huang Jing Lin Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering.International Cancer Center Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics(LET)School of Biomedical Engineering.Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen 518060China

Phosphatase plays a vital important role in many biological functions due to the dephosphorylation serves varied roles in cellular regulation and *** the family of phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase(ALP)could act as crucial prognostic indicators for many diseases such as bone diseases and ***,the detection of ALP is mainly limited to in vitro colorimetric method in ***,huge efforts have been paid on the fluorescence imaging that provides a reliable method to detect the real-time and in vivo changes of the level of *** this review,we summarize recent advances in fluorescence imaging of phosphatase,mainly focused on *** imaging probes of phosphatase are mainly classified according to their luminescence *** the end,we assessed the challenges and future prospects of phosphatase probes.

关键词： Alkaline phosphatase Acid phosphatase Fluorescence imaging Luminescence mechanism

Persistent greening against drying in northeast Asian semiarid grasslands:Asymmetrical responses of direct and legacy effects to intensified drought

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 9-20页

作者： Yu-Tong MA Hai-shan CHEN Yao-Ming SONG Bo-Tao ZHOU shan-lei SUN Xin-Guan DU Yue SUN Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Despite experiencing a decadal shift towards drought conditions at the end of the 2Oth century,semiarid grasslands in northeast Asia(NEA)exhibited an evident greening trend from 1982 to ***,the mechanism behind this phenomenon remains ***,we analysed the interdecadal changes in vegetation response to drought on the basis of the standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)and Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies LAI4g datasets,with an emphasis on the differences between direct and legacy effects(as measured by resilience),to explore the mechanism of persistent grassland *** revealed that during the post-drought shift period(2000-2020),the sudden decrease in the water content of the intermediate soil layer triggered an intensified vegetation response to ***,although direct effects and resilience were amplified,they exhibited asymmetric *** was stronger than direct effects,and this difference increased with increasing drought(drought recovery)*** combined effects may account for persistent greening against intensified drying in the semiarid grasslands in *** the projected exacerbation of future droughts,this study holds notable importance for comprehending the long-term change dynamics of dryland ecosystems.

关键词： Semiarid grassland Drought decadal shift Direct effect Legacy effect(resilience) Northeast Asia

Effect of non-condensable gas on a collapsing cavitation bubble near solid wall investigated by multicomponent thermal MRT-LBM

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第2期30卷 367-376页

作者： Yu Yang Ming-lei shan Qing-Bang Han Xue-Fen Kan Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment Technology Hohai UniversityChangzhou 213022China College of Computer and Information Hohai UniversityNanjing 210000China

A multicomponent thermal multi-relaxation-time(MRT)lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)is presented to study collapsing cavitation *** simulation results satisfy Laplace law and the adiabatic law,and are consistent with the numerical solution of the Rayleigh-Plesset *** study the effects of the non-condensable gas inside bubble on collapsing cavitation bubble,a numerical model of single spherical bubble near a solid wall is *** temperature and pressure evolution of the two-component two-phase flow are well *** addition,the collapse process of the cavitation bubble is discussed elaborately by setting the volume fractions of the gas and vapor to be the only *** results show that the non-condensable gas in the bubble significantly affects the pressure field,temperature field evolution,collapse velocity,and profile of the *** distinction of the pressure and temperature on the wall after the second collapse becomes more obvious as the non-condensable gas concentration increases.

关键词： multicomponent cavitation bubble non-condensable gas lattice Boltzmann method