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A review of experimental design in forensic taphonomy:moving towards forensic realism

Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第4期5卷 249-259页

作者： Kelly l.miles Devin A.Finaughty Victoria E.Gibbon Department of Biology University of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada School of Anthropology and Conservation University of KentCanterburyUK Department of Human Biology University of Cape TownCape TownWCSouth Africa

Forensic taphonomy as a discipline requires standardization to satisfy Daubert criteria for sci-entific data to be admissible in *** response,there has been a shift towards quantifica-tion of methodology and estimating the postmortem *** these advances,there are still biases and limitations within the discipline not explicitly addressed in the early stages of experimental design nor in final published *** this article,unresolved debates with respect to the conductance and reporting of forensic taphonomic research are reviewed,beginning with the nature of experimental cadavers,human or animal analogues and their body size,and second,the forensic realism of experimental setups,specifically with respect to caging,clothing and number of ***,albeit imperfect,are a good model to gain a general idea of the trends that may be seen in humans in subsequent validation studies in facilities where human donors are *** date,there is no consen-sus among taphonomists on the extent of the effect that body mass has on decomposition *** research is required with both human cadavers and non-human analogues that builds on our current knowledge of forensic taphonomy to answer these nagging *** will enable the discipline to make the reliable assumption that pigs and donor decomposition data can be applied to homicide cases.A suite of experimental design aspects is suggested to ensure systematic and standardized data collection across differ-ent biogeoclimatic circumstances to identify and quantify the effects of potential confounding *** studies in multiple,varied biogeographic circumstances with standardized protocols,equipment and carrion will facilitate independent global validation of *** factors are reviewed to show the need for adjustments in experimental design to ensure relevance and applicability of data within locally realistic forensic *** initiation of a global decomposition data

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic taphonomy decomposition Daubert standard exclusion cages clothed pigs carrion biomass scavenging

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Enhanced detection of freeze‒thaw induced landslides in Zhidoi county(Tibetan Plateau,China)with Google Earth Engine and image fusion

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 476-489页

作者： Jia-Hui YANG Yan-Chen GAO lang JIA Wen-Juan WANG Qing-Bai WU Francis ZVOMUYA miles DYCK Hai-long HE College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Department of Soil Science University of Manitob1Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2Canada Department of Renewable Resources University of Albert1Edmonton AB T6G 2H1Canad

Freeze‒thaw induced landslides(FTIls)in grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau are a geological disaster leading to soil *** landslides reduce biodiversity and intensify landscape fragmentation,which in turn are strengthen by the persistent climate change and increased anthropogenic ***,conventional techniques for mapping FTIls on a regional scale are impractical due to their labor-intensive,costly,and time-consuming *** study focuses on improving FTIls detection by implementing image fusion-based Google Earth Engine(GEE)and a random forest *** of multiple data sources,including texture features,index features,spectral features,slope,and vertical‒vertical polarization data,allow automatic detection of the spatial distribution characteristics of FTIls in Zhidoi county,which is located within the Qinghai‒Tibet Engineering Corridor(QTEC).We employed statistical techniques to elucidate the mechanisms influencing FTIls *** enhanced method identifies two schemes that achieve high accuracy using a smaller training sample(scheme A:94.1%;scheme D:94.5%)compared to other methods(scheme B:50.0%;scheme C:95.8%).This methodology is effective in generating accurate results using only~10%of the training sample size necessitated by other *** spatial distribution patterns of FTIls generated for 2021 are similar to those obtained using various other training sample sources,with a primary concentration observed along the central region traversed by the *** results highlight the slope as the most crucial feature in the fusion images,accounting for 93%of FTIls occurring on gentle slopes ranging from 0°to 14°.This study provides a theoretical framework and technological reference for the identification,monitoring,prevention and control of FTIls in *** developments hold the potential to benefit the management of grassland ecosystem,reduce economic losses,and promote grassland sustainability.

关键词： Permafrost degradation Random forest Thaw slump Spatial distribution Tibetan Plateau

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丘脑静息态功能网络:轻度颅脑外伤者出现异常

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国际医学放射学杂志 2011年第6期 583-583页

作者： D.K.Sodickson l.miles J.Reaume 孙美丽 Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of RadiologyNew York University School of Medicine660 First Ave4th FloorNew YorkNY 10016

目的采用静息态fMRI探索丘脑的神经纤维功能网络,研究轻度颅脑外伤病人丘脑功能网络是否中断。材料与方法本研究获得伦理委员会批准。24例轻度颅脑外伤病人及17名健康对照者均签署知情同意书。24例病人症状轻重不一,平均病程为22d。使... 详细信息

目的采用静息态fMRI探索丘脑的神经纤维功能网络,研究轻度颅脑外伤病人丘脑功能网络是否中断。材料与方法本研究获得伦理委员会批准。24例轻度颅脑外伤病人及17名健康对照者均签署知情同意书。24例病人症状轻重不一,平均病程为22d。使用基于种子点的全脑相关性分

关键词：丘脑病人间脑颅脑外伤静息态功能网络

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轻度颅脑损伤所致的默认网络异常

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国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第1期 78-78页

作者： Y.Zhou M.P.Milham Y.W.lui l.miles J.Reaume D.K.Sodickson 范文骏 Department of Radiology New York University School of Medicine660 First Ave4th FloorNew YorkNY10016

目的采用独立成分分析方法比较轻度颅脑损伤后早期病人与正常人默认网络(DMN)的完整性,同时比较DMN的联接改变与神经认知功能测试和临床症状的相关性。材料与方法本研究经单位伦理委员会批准,符合HIPAA的要求。23例于外伤后早期(2个月内... 详细信息

目的采用独立成分分析方法比较轻度颅脑损伤后早期病人与正常人默认网络(DMN)的完整性,同时比较DMN的联接改变与神经认知功能测试和临床症状的相关性。材料与方法本研究经单位伦理委员会批准,符合HIPAA的要求。23例于外伤后早期(2个月内)出现临床症状的轻度颅脑损伤病人和18例年龄匹配的健康对照志愿者纳入本研究。采用3.0TMR设备进行静息态fMRI扫描,采用独立成分分析方法来确定DMN,选取后扣带回和前额叶内侧皮质作为种子点在广泛应用的模板上进行。比较两组人群中DMN各部分独立成分分析的z值图,采用Pearson和Spearman相关性分析比较其与神经认知功能测试和临床症状的相关性。结果与对照组相比,轻度颅脑损伤病人的后扣带回和顶区联接减低,而前额叶内侧皮质周围额叶的联接增强(P<0.01)。DMN内这种前额叶与后扣带回的相反改变表现具有相关性(r=-0.44,P=0.03)。后部联接减低与神经认知功能障碍(如认知的灵活性)呈正相关,而额叶联接增强与外伤后的症状(如抑郁、焦虑、疲劳和脑震荡后综合征)呈负相关。结论研究结果显示轻度颅脑损伤病人出现异常的DMN联接方式改变,从而为进一步探索轻度颅脑损伤后神经元通讯与信息整合异常所致的DMN重要结构的改变提供了基础。

关键词：轻度颅脑损伤病人临床症状独立成分分析方法 DMN

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Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism during intra-uterine crowding in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 163-176页

作者： Jeffrey l Vallet Anthony K Mc Neel Jeremy R miles Bradley A Freking U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service U.S. Meat Animal Research CenterState Spur 18D Clay Center NE 68933 USA

litter size and birth weights are limited by uterine capacity, defined as the ability of the uterus to maintain the appropriate development of some number of conceptuses. Uterine capacity is the result of the combined effects of uterine, placental and embryo/fetal function. The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight （and therefore reduced intrauterine space） in early gestation compared to late gestation. However, even in late gestation, mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from smal fetuses. On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissue. Glycosaminoglycans are major components of stroma, including hyaluronan and heparan sulfate. Hyaluronidases and heparanases are present within placental tissues, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose （glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid） suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus. Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of mTOR. These findings suggest a link between glucose, fructose, glucosamine synthesis, GAG production, and placental m

关键词： Glycosaminoglycans Nutrient transport Placenta

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Glucosamine supplementation during late gestation alters placental development and increases litter size

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 135-144页

作者： Jeffrey l.Vallet Jeremy R.miles Bradley A.Freking Shane Meyer USDA ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARQ P.O. Box 166 Clay Center NE Nebraska 68933 USA Plymouth Ag Group Diller NE Nebraska 68342 USA

Background： During late gestation the placental epithelial interface becomes highly folded, which involves changes in stromal hyaluronan. Hyaluronan is composed of glucoronate and N-acetyl-glucosamine. We hypothesized that supplementing gestating dams with glucosamine during this time would support placental folded-epithelial-bilayer development and increase litter size. In Exp. 1, gilts were unilaterally hysterectomizedovariectomized（UHO）. UHO gilts were mated and then supplemented daily with 10 g glucosamine（n = 16） or glucose（control, n = 17） from d 85 of gestation until slaughter（d 105）. At slaughter, the number of live fetuses was recorded and each live fetus and its placenta was weighed. Uterine wall samples adjacent to the largest and smallest fetuses within each litter were processed for histology. In Exp. 2, pregnant sows in a commercial sow farm were supplemented with either 10 g glucosamine or glucose daily from d 85 of gestation to farrowing. Total piglets born and born alive were recorded for each litter. In Exp. 3, the same commercial farm and same protocol were used except that the dose of glucosamine and glucose was doubled to 20 g/***： In Exp. 1, the number of live fetuses tended to be greater in glucosamine-treated UHO gilts（P = 0.098）.Placental morphometry indicated that the width of the folded bilayer was greater（P = 0.05） in glucosamine-treated gilts. In Exp. 2, litter size did not differ between glucosamine-and glucose-treated sows. However in Exp. 3, the increased dose of glucosamine resulted in a significant treatment by parity interaction（P ≤ 0.01）, in which total piglets born and born alive were greater in glucosamine treated sows of later parity（5 and 6）.Conclusions： These results indicated that glucosamine supplementation increased the width of the folds of the placental bilayer and increased litter size in later parity, intact pregnant commercial sows.

关键词： Fructose Glucosamine Hyaluronan Swine Uterine capacity

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Transgenerational bone toxicity in F3 medaka (Oryzias latipes) induced by ancestral benzo[a]pyrene exposure: Cellular and transcriptomic insights

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 336-348页

作者： Jiezhang Mo miles Teng Wan DorisWai-Ting Au Jingchun Shi Nathan Tam Xian Qin Napo K.M.Cheung Keng Po lai Christoph Winkler Richard Yuen-Chong Kong Frauke Seemann Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 510000China Shenzhen Key laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity Research Centre for the Oceans and Human HealthShenzhen Research InstituteCity University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057China State Key laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics Guilin Medical UniversityHuan Cheng North 2nd Road 109Guilin 541004China Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore119077Singapore Center for Coastal Studies and Department of life Sciences Texas A&M University-Corpus ChristiCorpus ChristiTexas 78412USA

Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),a ubiquitous pollutant,raises environmental health concerns due to induction of bone toxicity in the unexposed *** of F0 ancestor medaka(Oryzias latipes)to 1μg/l BaP for 21 days causes reduced vertebral bone thickness in the unexposed F3 male *** reveal the inherited modifications,osteoblast(OB)abundance and molecular signaling pathways of transgenerational BaP-induced bone thinning were *** analysis showed a reduction in OB *** of the miRNA and mRNA transcriptomes revealed the dysregulation of Wnt signaling(frzb/ola-miR-1–3p,sfrp5/ola-miR-96–5p/miR-455–5p)and bone morphogenetic protein(Bmp)signaling(bmp3/ola-miR-96–5p/miR-181b-5p/miR-199a-5p/miR-205–5p/miR-455–5p).Both pathways are major indicators of impaired bone formation,while the altered Rank signaling in osteoclasts(c-fos/miR-205–5p)suggests a potentially augmented bone ***,a typical BaP-responsive pathway,the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response(gst/ola-miR-181b-5p/miR-199a-5p/miR-205),was also ***,mRNA levels of epigenetic modification enzymes(e.g.,hdac6,hdac7,kdm5b)were found *** findings indicated that epigenetic factors(e.g.,miRNAs,histone modifications)may directly regulate the expression of genes associated with transgenerational BaP bone toxicity and warrants further *** identified candidate genes and miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for BaP-induced bone disease and as indicators of historic exposures in wild fish for conservation purposes.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Transcriptome Impaired bone formation Molecular pathways MicroRNAs Medaka(Oryzias latipes)

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Predicting recrystallized grain size in friction stir processed 304l stainless steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第4期35卷 491-498页

作者： M.P.miles T.W.Nelson C.Gunter F.C.liu l.Fourment T.Mathis Manufacturing Engineering Department Brigham Young University Centre de Mise en Forme des Materiaux Mines ParisTech

A major dilemma faced in the nuclear industry is repair of stainless steel reactor components that have been exposed to neutron irradiation. When conventional fusion welding is used for repair, intergranular cracks develop in the heat-affected zone(HAZ). Friction stir processing(FSP), which operates at much lower peak temperatures than fusion welding, was studied as a crack repair method for irradiated 304 l stainless steel. A numerical simulation of the FSP process in 304 l was developed to predict temperatures and recrystallized grain size in the stir zone. The model employed an Eulerian finite element approach,where flow stresses for a large range of strain rates and temperatures inherent in FSP were used as input. Temperature predictions in three locations near the stir zone were accurate to within 4%, while prediction of welding power was accurate to within 5% of experimental measurements. The predicted recrystallized grain sizes ranged from 7.6 to 10.6 μm, while the experimentally measured grains sizes in the same locations ranged from 6.0 to 7.6 μm. The maximum error in predicted recrystallized grain size was about 39%, but the associated stir zone hardness from the predicted grain sizes was only different from the experiment by about 10%.

关键词： Stainless steel Numerical simulation Friction stir welding Recrystallized grain size

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Solid state crack repair by friction stir processing in 304l stainless steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第1期34卷 140-147页

作者： C.Gunter M.P.miles F.C.liu T.W Nelson Manufacturing Engineering Technology Brigham Young University Department of Mechanical Engineering Brigham Young University

Friction stir processing （FSP） was investigated as a method of repairing cracks in 12 mm thick 304l stainless steel plate. Healing feasibility was demonstrated by processing a tapered crack using a PCBN/W- Re tool with a 25 mm diameter shoulder and a pin length of 6.4 mm. The experiment showed that it was possible to heal a crack that begins narrow and then progressively grows up to a width of 2 mm. Bead on plate experiments were used to find the best parameters for creating a consolidated stir zone with the least amount of hardness difference compared to the base metal. Grain refinement in some specimens resulted in much higher stir zone hardness, compared to base metal, A plot of grain size versus microhardness showed a very strong inverse correlation between grain size and hardness, as expected from the Hall- Perch relationship. Corrosion testing was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of FSP on potential sensitization of the stir zone. After 1000 h of intermittent immersion in 3.5% saline solution at room temperature it was found that no corrosion products formed on the base material controls or on any of the friction stir processed specimens.

关键词： Stainless steel Crack healing Friction stir processing Corrosion resistance

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Efficient Convex Optimization Approaches to Variational Image Fusion

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2014年第2期7卷 234-250页

作者： Jing Yuan Brandon miles Greg Garvin Xue-Cheng Tai Aaron Fenster Medical Imaging lab Robarts Research InstituteUniversity of Western OntarioLondon ONCanada N6A 5B7 Department of Medical Imaging St Jospeh’s HealthCareLondon ONCanada Department of Mathematics University of BergenBergenNorway

Image fusion is an imaging technique to visualize information from multiple imaging sources in one single image,which is widely used in remote sensing,medical imaging *** this work,we study two variational approaches to image fusion which are closely related to the standard TV-l_(2) and TV-l_(1) image approximation *** investigate their convex optimization formulations,under the perspective of primal and dual,and propose their associated new image decomposition *** addition,we consider the TV-l_(1) based image fusion approach and study the specified problem of fusing two discrete-constrained images f_(1)(x)∈l_(1) and f_(2)(x)∈l_(2),where l_(1) and l_(2) are the sets of linearly-ordered discrete *** prove that the TV-l_(1) based image fusion actually gives rise to the exact convex relaxation to the corresponding nonconvex image fusion constrained by the discretevalued set u(x)∈l_(1)∪l_(2).This extends the results for the global optimization of the discrete-constrained TV-l_(1) image approximation[8,36]to the case of image *** a big numerical advantage of the two proposed dual models,we show both of them directly lead to new fast and reliable algorithms,based on modern convex optimization *** with medical images,remote sensing images and multi-focus images visibly show the qualitative differences between the two studied variational models of image *** also apply the new variational approaches to fusing 3D medical images.

关键词： Convex optimization primal-dual programming combinatorial optimization totalvariation regularization image fusion

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