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Amino acid and mineral digestibility,bone ash,and plasma inositol is increased by including microbial phytase in diets for growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 699-712页

作者： liz vanessa lagos Mike Richard Bedford Hans Henrik Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA AB Vista Marlborough SN84ANUK

Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P digestibility.Results Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;Plys and Thr(linear;Plinear;Plso increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;Plinear;Pluence the ATTD of Mg or gross energy.Concentrations of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;Plasma inositol also increased(linear;Plusion of phytase.Reduced concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;Plinear;Pl concentrations(linear;Pleal digesta as dietary phytase increased.The ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol release.Conclusions Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small intestine.Consequently,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and inositol.In a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires approximately 3,200 FTU/kg more phytase than that re

关键词： Bone ash Inositol Nutrient digestibility Phytase Phytate degradation Pigs

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Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 113-125页

作者： Yanhong liu Charmaine D.Espinosa Jerubella J.Abelilla Gloria A.Casas l.vanessa lagos Su A.lee Woong B.Kwon John K.Mathai Diego M.D.l.Navarro Neil W.Jaworski Hans H.Stein Department of Animal Science University of California Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Department of Animal Production College of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Colombia Trouw Nutrition

A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting the pigs' immune system, regulate gut microbiota, and reduce negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges.The most commonly used feed additives include acidifiers, zinc and copper, prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast products, nucleotides, and plant extracts.Inclusion of pharmacological levels of zinc and copper, certain acidifiers, and several plant extracts have been reported to result in improved pig performance or improved immune function of pigs.It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast,and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area.

关键词： Acidifiers Direct-fed microbials Minerals Plant extracts Prebiotics Pigs

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Influence of the concentration of dietary digestible calcium on growth performance,bone mineralization, plasma calcium, and abundance of genes involved in intestinal absorption of calcium in pigs from 11 to 22 kg fed diets with different concentrations of

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 942-957页

作者： l.vanessa lagos Su A.lee Guillermo Fondevila Carrie l.Walk Michael R.Murphy Juan J.loor Hans H.Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Universidad Politécnica de Madrid MadridSpain AB Vista Marlborough SN84ANUK

Background: A 21-day experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Ca requirements to maximize growth performance expressed as the standardized total tract digestible(STTD) Ca to STTD P ratio is less than 1.40:1. The second hypothesis was that increasing dietary Ca increases plasma Ca concentration and downregulates abundance of genes related to Ca absorption(TRPV6, S100 G, and ATP2 B1) in the duodenum, and tight junction proteins(OClN, ClDN1, and ZO1) in the duodenum and ileum.Methods: Twenty corn-soybean meal diets were formulated using a 4 × 5 factorial design with diets containing 0.16%, 0.33%, 0.42%, or 0.50% STTD P, and 0.14%, 0.29%, 0.44%, 0.59%, or 0.74% STTD Ca. Six hundred and forty pigs(initial weight: 11.1 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to 20 diets and 5 blocks in a randomized complete block design. On day21, weights of pigs and feed left in feeders were recorded and blood, duodenal tissue, ileal mucosa, and the right femur were collected from 1 pig per pen. Abundance of m RNA was determined in duodenal and ileal tissue via quantitative RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using a response surface model.Results: The predicted maximum ADG(614 g), G:F(0.65), and bone ash(11.68 g) was obtained at STTD Ca:STTD P ratios of 1.39:1, 1.25:1, and 1.66:1, respectively, when STTD P was provided at the requirement(0.33%). If dietary STTD P was below the requirement, increasing dietary Ca resulted in reduced(P ly if dietary STTD Ca exceeded 0.6%. Plasma Ca concentration was positively affected by STTD Ca over the range studied(quadratic, P ly affected by increasing STTD P(linear, P linear negative effect(P lN, and ZO1 in duodenum, and ClDN and ZO1 in ileum.Conclusions: The STTD Ca:STTD P ratio needed to maximize growth performance of 11-to 25-kg pigs is less than1.40:1, if P i

关键词： Bone ash Calcium absorption Digestible calcium Growth Pigs Requirement

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饲料钙含量及组成对生长猪增重表现的影响

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饲料工业 2020年第16期41卷 58-64页

作者： S.A.lee l.V.lagos H.H.Stein 伊利诺依大学动物科学系美国伊利诺伊州61801 伊利诺依大学营养科学系美国伊利诺伊州61801

全价日粮中各原料的标准总肠道消化率(STTD)值被认为是可加和的。因此,使用钙和磷的STTD值可以得到最优的饲料配方,且钙补充剂和饲料原料中钙的STTD值已见报道。通过向猪日粮中补充外源植酸酶,饲料原料中钙的STTD可能会增加,因此,不添... 详细信息

全价日粮中各原料的标准总肠道消化率(STTD)值被认为是可加和的。因此,使用钙和磷的STTD值可以得到最优的饲料配方,且钙补充剂和饲料原料中钙的STTD值已见报道。通过向猪日粮中补充外源植酸酶,饲料原料中钙的STTD可能会增加,因此,不添加植酸酶或添加植酸酶也可获得的STTD值。与生长猪相比,母猪对钙和磷的STTD值较低,表明使用生长猪获得的STTD值为母猪配制饲料结果可能并不准确。近年来通过基于从生长猪获得的STTD钙值,来进行试验测定STTD钙的需求。试验结果表明,增加日粮中钙的浓度会降低采食量,从而降低猪的平均日增重。在磷含量较低的日粮中,过量钙对生长性能的负面影响更为明显,但可通过增加日粮中高于需求的磷来改善。因此,可以得出结论,STTD Ca和STTD P之间的比例对于优化猪的生长性能至关重要。不同体重组猪的STTD Ca和STTD P之间的估计比率表明,随着猪体重从11 kg增加到130 kg,最大化生长性能的STTD Ca和STTD P比率从1.40:1降低到1.10:1,而随着猪体重的增加,STTD Ca:STTD P比率最大化骨灰分含量从1.70:1增加到2.30:1。结果还表明,优化猪的生长性能比最大化骨灰分对日粮钙的需要更少。因此,种猪可能比育肥猪对日粮钙和日粮磷有更高的需求。

关键词：钙消化率猪需求标准总肠道消化率磷

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Conocarpus erectus l., a plant with a high content of structural sugars, ions and phenolic compounds, shows antioxidant and antimicrobial properties promoted by different organic fractions

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第9期8卷 463-470页

作者： Dayane Kelly Dias do Nascimento Santos Weslley Henrique de Oliveira Melo Anastassia Mariáh Nunes de Oliveira lima Iranildo Joseda Cruz Filho Glaucia Manoella de Souza lima Tulio Diego da Silva Maiara Celine de Moura Marcia Silva do Nascimento Ana Maria Souto Maior Thiago Henrique Napoleao Cristiane Moutinho lagos de Melo Department of Biochemistry Biosciences Centre Federal University of Pernambuco Department of Antibiotics Biosciences Centre Federal University of Pernambuco Center of Strategic Technologies of the Northeast

Objective: To evaluate the structural and chemical composition of plant and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities promoted by hexanic, ethanolic and ethyl acetate fractions obtained from leaves of Conocarpus erectus.Methods: Organic fractions were characterized through UPlC-MS and GC-MS.Antioxidant potential was performed through DPPH and molybdenum phosphate techniques.Antibacterial and antifungal assays were performed in accordance with Clinical and laboratory Standards Institute protocols.Results: The obtained biomass of Conocarpus erectus leaves showed the high presence of glucose(0.45 g/l), cellulose(28.69%), Na(55.126 μg/l) and K(31.163 μg/l).We identified seven compounds in the hexanic and ethyl acetate fractions, and eight compounds in ethanolic fraction.Moreover, phenolic compounds are prevalent in all organic fractions with values of(10.04 ± 0.24),(221.26 ± 1.84),(340.53 ± 0.84) mg/g GAE to hexanic, ethyl acetate and ethanolic fraction, respectively.Antioxidant results showed a high potential in ethyl acetate fraction(71.82 ± 6.87)% and(10.89 ± 0.05)% in DPPH and molybdenum phosphate techniques, respectively.The ethanolic fraction showed moderate bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and presented a high fungistatic potential for all Candida species tested.Conclusions: Organic fractions obtained from leaves of Conocarpus erectus present antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and these findings contribute to scientific information for the effectiveness on use of this plant in the development of a phytotherapic compound.

关键词： Combretaceae Phenolic compounds Antimicrobial activity Antioxidant

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猪日粮中的非抗生素饲料添加剂(一)

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中国饲料 2018年第12期 86-92页

作者： liu Y C.D.Espinosa J.J.Abelilla G.A.Casas l.V.lagos S.A.lee W.B.Kwon J.K.Mathai D.M.D.l.Navarro N.W.Jaworski H.H.Stein 加州大学戴维斯分校动物科技学院伊利诺伊大学动物科技学院创荷美营养国际博克斯梅尔荷兰

非抗生素饲料添加剂有助于提高猪的免疫系统,并降低断奶和其他环境应激带来的负面影响。最常用的饲料添加剂包括酸化剂、锌铜、益生菌、直接饲喂微生物、酵母类产品、核苷酸和植物提取物。研究表明添加药理水平的锌铜、特定酸化剂和部... 详细信息

非抗生素饲料添加剂有助于提高猪的免疫系统,并降低断奶和其他环境应激带来的负面影响。最常用的饲料添加剂包括酸化剂、锌铜、益生菌、直接饲喂微生物、酵母类产品、核苷酸和植物提取物。研究表明添加药理水平的锌铜、特定酸化剂和部分植物提取物可以改善猪的性能或提高其免疫功能。使用益生菌、直接饲喂微生物、酵母类产品、核苷酸也有可能对猪的性能产生有利影响,但因研究结果缺乏一致性,因此仍需进一步研究。

关键词：非抗生素饲料添加剂猪酸化剂锌铜益生菌直接饲喂微生物

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猪日粮中的非抗生素饲料添加剂(二)

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中国饲料 2018年第13期 87-92页

作者： liu Y C.D.Espinosa J.J.Abelilla G.A.Casas l.V.lagos S.A.lee W.B.Kwon J.K.Mathai D.M.D.l.Navarro N.W.Jaworski H.H.Stein 加州大学戴维斯分校动物科技学院伊利诺伊大学动物科技学院创荷美营养国际荷兰博克斯梅尔

关键词：非抗生素饲料添加剂猪酵母核苷酸植物提取物

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Cracking Susceptibility After Post-Weld Heat Treatment in Haynes 282 Nickel Based Superalloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2013年第6期26卷 747-753页

作者： l.O.Osoba A.K.Khan S.O.Adeosun Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering University of Lagos Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Manitoba

This paper presents a study of the standard post-weld heat treatment （PWHT） behaviour of autogenous laser welded γ＇ age-hardenable precipitation strengthened nickel based superalloy Haynes 282 （HY 282）. The study involves a careful and detailed microstructural characterisation as well as an analysis of the weld cracking susceptibility during welding and Gleeble thermo-mechanical physical simulation. Various factors that could influence post-weld cracking in superalloys weld were experimentally examined. Our microstructural exami- nation of the as-solution heat treated （SHTed） material and the thermo-mechanically refined grain material shows that intergranular heat affected zone （HAZ） cracking is observable in only the as-welded SHTed material. There was no indication of post-weld heat treatment cracking in all welded materials. Our conclusion, in this study, is that the chemistry of superalloy HY 282 which aids the preclusion/formation of deleterious so- lidification microconstituents during welding as well as its relatively slow aging kinetics enhances its resistance to PWHT cracking.

关键词： Cracking Microstructure Analysis Nickel based Superalloy

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北京和上海市居民冬夏两季饮用水消费习惯(英文)

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生态毒理学报 2008年第3期3卷 224-230页

作者：徐鹏黄圣彪王子健 lAGO SGustavo 中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室北京100085 北京林业大学理学院化学系北京100083 Faculty of Engineering Catholic University of Chile Santiago Chile

饮用水是人体暴露于有毒物质的重要暴露源,为了定量描述饮用水中污染物对暴露人群所造成的危害,世界各国的科学家们对饮用水的健康风险评价做了大量的研究.通常,健康风险评价需要污染物毒理学数据和暴露人群的暴露剂量数据.目前,针对很... 详细信息

饮用水是人体暴露于有毒物质的重要暴露源,为了定量描述饮用水中污染物对暴露人群所造成的危害,世界各国的科学家们对饮用水的健康风险评价做了大量的研究.通常,健康风险评价需要污染物毒理学数据和暴露人群的暴露剂量数据.目前,针对很多的有毒污染物,国际上已经建立了应用于健康风险评价的毒理学数据库,同时积累了大量可用的有效数据.而对于暴露人群的暴露剂量数据,则是健康风险评价所要研究的重点.正确估计暴露人群的暴露剂量需要消费者提供大量的消费信息.例如,暴露人群每天消费的饮用水水量.美国环保局(EPA)认为成人每天消耗的饮用水水量为2l·d-1,此外,饮用水的消耗量会随着暴露人群的身体活动状况和所处环境状况(温度,湿度等)的改变而改变.目前,许多研究都是关于饮用水消费信息的,总体来讲这些研究结果基本上与美国环保局所采用的饮水消耗数据相一致.需要说明的是中国居民有完全不同于西方人的饮用水消费方式,如果在进行中国居民饮用水健康风险评价过程中应用美国环保局的假设会带来较大的不确定性.饮用水健康风险评价工作在我国开展并不多,尤其缺少中国居民饮用水消费习惯的数据库.这些客观条件使得在我国进行饮用水健康风险评价时只能从基础做起,积累有效的数据.本研究以北京和上海两座城市居民为研究对象,2002年到2004年分冬夏两季分别进行了4次饮用水消费习惯调查.研究采用随机入户方式(2004年至2005年),与中央电视台-索福瑞联合调查有限公司合作进行.参加调查的家庭从中央电视台入户收视率调查的基础数据库中随机抽取,在抽取过程中兼顾了不同城区、年龄结构、知识结构、收入水平等因素.研究表明,北京和上海居民冬夏两季的日均饮水量分别为2.2l·d-1、1.7l·d-1、2.0l·d-1和1.8l·d-1,这一结果和美国环保局的假设基本一致.同时本研究考察了性别、年龄、职业和季节对应用水消费习惯的影响.研究表明,日均饮水量随年龄的增加有增加的趋势,这一趋势在北京的夏季调查中趋势明显(p=0.01);男性的日均饮用水量大于女性,在上海冬季和夏季调查中均存在显著的差异(冬季:p=0.01;夏季:p=0.04);季节也同样影响被访者的日均饮水量,但是在4次调查中均未发现显著性差异.在北京冬季和夏季的调查中均发现了工作地点对饮用水消费习惯的显著影响(夏季p=0.01和冬季p=0.00).研究同样考察了居民饮用水消费类型,调查结果表明,煮沸后的自来水是中国居民最主要的日常饮品(上海夏季:58.3%;上海冬季67.9%;北京夏季:42.7%;北京冬季:60.0%).同时消费桶装纯净水的被访者也占有相当的比重(上海夏季:36.2%;上海冬季:24.7%;北京夏季:30.7%;北京冬季:60.0%).研究同时表明,在中国居民的日常生活中牛奶和豆奶已经成为重要的日常饮品.极少量的居民(北京夏季:10.7%;北京冬季5.7%;上海夏季1.2%;上海冬季0.6%)有直接饮用自来水的习惯.研究表明滞留水(在自来水水管中滞留6h以上的自来水)是对人体健康影响最大的水,而在我们的调查中,中国居民几乎不直接饮用滞留水.当前,饮用水健康风险评价在世界范围内蓬勃展开,但是这一技术在我国还处于起步阶段.本研究作为饮用水健康风险评价的前期工作,为其在中国的进一步发展提供了基础性的数据.

关键词：饮用水消费习惯调查风险评价煮沸自来水自来水桶装纯净水

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Effects of Electroplating Effluents on Growth, Heavy Metals Accumulation and Concentrations in Amaranthus viridis lin.

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Journal of Botanical Research 2023年第3期5卷 49-59页

作者： Ouwoe Surukite O Ogun Mautin l Ewekeye Touope S Tope-Akinyetun Rachea Asokere Simeon Y Usamot Q Department of Botany Lagos State UniversityOjoLagos102101Nigeria

Pollution in recent times has become prevalent due to industrial expansion,hence,releasing pollutants into the environ-ment.Thus,this study aimed at investigating the effects of effluents from electroplating companies on growth,heavy metals accumulation and concentrations in Amaranthus viridis.Seeds of A.viridis were obtained from the National Institute of Hor-ticulture,Ibadan.loam soils were collected from lagos State University and two samples of electroplating effluents were obtained from Oregun,lagos.Seeds were sown,nursed,and transplanted in a uniform bucket filled with 5 kg loam soil and transplanted seedlings were treated with Effluent A(5 and 10%conc.)and Effluent B(5 and 10%conc.)and control respec-tively.Growth parameters such as plant height and so on were measured and plant samples harvested were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.Data collected were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance.Results revealed that Effluents A and B are highly acidic and above discharge limits.Also,the result revealed that 5%conc.of Effluents A and B had more effects on growth(plation to control.This result showed that the effluent samples affect the growth rhythms of plants.Results further revealed vigorous–1–1 accumulation of the heavy metals:Zn(241.66µg kg±0.10 at third harvest in Effluent A:10%),Cu(68.25µg kg±0.23 at–1–1 first harvest in Effluent B:5%),Cr(500µg kg±0.90 in harvests at all concentrations.)and Ni(500µg kg±0.90 at third harvest in Effluent B:5%)and all these metals are far above the control and permissible limits of WHO/FAO recommenda-tions.From this study,it could be concluded that electroplating effluents had adverse effects on growth and increased metals’bioaccumulation in A.viridis.Therefore,the treatment of effluents to enhance an eco-friendly environment should be done.

关键词： Electroplating Effluent Pollution Heavy metals Discharge Vegetable Amaranthus viridis

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