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Social.interactions in a sol.tary carnivore

Current Zool.gy 2017年第4期63卷 357-362页

作者： l. mark elbroch Howard QUIGl.Y Panthera 8 West 40th Street 18th Floor New York NY 10018 USA

In total. 177 of 245 terrestrial.carnivores are described as sol.tary, and much of carnivore ecol.gy is buil. on the assumptions that interactions between adul. sol.tary carnivores are rare. We empl.yed Gl.bal.Positioning System (GPS) technol.gy and motion-triggered cameras to test predictions of l.nd-tenure territorial.ty and the resource dispersion hypothesis in a territorial.carnivore, the puma . We documented 89 independent GPS interactions, 60% of which occurred at puma kil.s (53), 59 camera interactions, 11 (17%) of which captured courtship behaviors, and 5 other interactions (1 F-F, 3 M-F, and 1 M-M). Mean minimum weekl. contact rates were 5.5 times higher in winter, the season when el. were aggregated at l.wer el.vations and during which puma courtship primaril. occurred. In winter, contacts rates were 0.6 ± 0.3 (standard deviation (SD)) interactions/week vs. 0.1 ± 0.1 (SD) interactions/week during summer. The preponderance of interactions at food sources supported the resource dispersion hypothesis, which predicts that resource fl.xes can expl.in temporary social.behaviors that do not resul. in any apparent benefits for the individual. invol.ed. Conspecific tol.rance is l.gical.when a prey is so l.rge that the predator that kil.ed it cannot consume it entirel., and thus, the costs of tol.rating a conspecific sharing the kil. are l.ss than the potential.costs associated with defending it and being injured. Puma aggregations at kil.s numbered as high as 9, emphasizing the need for future research on what expl.ins tol.rance among sol.tary carnivores.

关键词：食肉动物社会行为孤独相互作用 GPS系统全球定位系统动物资源相机测试

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