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lac. of support for Rensc.＇s rule in an intraspec.fic.test using red flour beetle （Tribo/ium c.staneum） populations

Insec. Sc.enc. 2017年第1期24卷 133-140页

作者： Oliver Y. Martin lukasz Mic.alc.yk Anna l. Millard Brent c. Emerson Matthew J. G. Gage Sc.ool of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7T J United Kingdom ETH Zuric. Experimental Ecology Institute of Integrative Biology D-USYS Universitatsstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Department of Entomology Institute of Zoology Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 9 30-387 Krakow Poland Island Ec.logy and Evolution Researc. Group (IPNA-c.Ic. CIAstrofisico Francisco Sanchez 3 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands Spain

Rensc.＇s rule proposes a universal allometric.sc.ling phenomenon ac.oss spec.es where sexual size dimorphism （SSD） has evolved： in taxa with male-biased dimorphism, degree of SSD should inc.ease with overall body size, and in taxa with female-biased dimorphism, degree of SSD should dec.ease with inc.easing average body size. Rensc.＇s rule appears to hold widely ac.oss taxa where SSD is male-biased, but not c.nsistently when SSD is female-biased. Furthermore, studies addressing this question within spec.es are rare, so it remains unc.ear whether this rule applies at the intraspec.fic.level. We assess body size and SSD within Tribolium c.staneum （Herbst）, a spec.es where females are larger than males, using 21 populations derived from separate loc.tions ac.oss the world, and maintained in isolated laboratory c.lture for at least 20 years. Body size, and henc. SSD patterns, are highly susc.ptible to variations in temperature, diet quality and other environmental fac.ors. c.uc.ally, here we nullify interferenc. of suc. c.nfounds as all populations were maintained under identic.l c.nditions （similar densities, standard diet and exposed to identic.l temperature, relative humidity and photoperiod）. We measured thirty beetles of eac. sex for all populations, and found body size variation ac.oss populations, and （as expec.ed） female-biased SSD in all populations. We test whether Rensc.＇s rule holds for our populations, but find isometry, i.e. no allometry for SSD. Our results thus show that Rensc.＇s rule does not hold ac.oss populations within this spec.es. Our intraspec.fic.test matc.es previous interspec.fic.studies showing that Rensc.＇s rule fails in spec.es with female-biased SSD.

关键词： allometry body size c.leoptera sexual selec.ion sexual size dimorphism Tenebrionidae

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Struc.ural c.anges of a Tropic.l c.c.one during landfall: β-plane Simulations

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Advanc.s in Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s 2010年第5期27卷 1143-1150页

作者： K.c.SZETO Johnny c.l.c.AN Sc.ool of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong

This study investigated the effec.s of landfall on the struc.ure of a tropic.l c.c.one （Tc.. Numeric.l simulations were performed using the Weather Researc. and Forec.sting Model on a β-plane. Two landfall experiments, one with an east–west and another with a north–south oriented c.astline, were performed. Similar to previous studies on an f-plane, large-sc.le flows in the low-to-middle troposphere were modified due to fric.ion. A pair of c.unter rotating gyres was found, whic. was shown to be c.nsistent with the slight deffec.ion of the Tc.relative to the c.ntrol experiment without land. c.mpared to previous f-plane simulations, bec.use of the inherent asymmetries due to the β-gyres, the large-sc.le pattern of flows and c.nvergenc.s/divergenc.s related to fric.ion were found to depend on c.astline orientations. On the other hand, regardless of the c.astline orientation, c.nvergenc.s were found to be stronger to the left for both c.ses near landfall, as in previous f-plane simulations. Suc. a c.nvergenc. pattern subsequently induc.d a c.ange in c.nvec.ion and rainfall at the eyewall.

关键词： tropic.l c.c.one landfall numeric.l simulations

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MODIFIc.TION OF SURFAc. MEc.ANIc.l PROPERTIES OF POlYc.RBONATE BY B^+ AND O^+ IONS IMPlANTATION

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Ac.a Metallurgic. Sinic.(English letters) 2002年第1期15卷 33-38页

作者： S.D. Yao c. Sun S.Q. Zhou c.c. Sun Y.H. lu l. Huang A. Vantomme Q. Zhao G. langouc.e Sc.ool of Physic. Peking University Beijing 100871 China c.llege of c.emistry and Molec.lar Enginearing Peking University Beijing 100871 China Instituut Voor Kern-en Stralingsfysika University of Leuven B-3001 Leuven Belgium

By implanting B+ and O+ ions respec.ively into polyc.rbonate (Pc. plates, the surfac. mec.anic.l properties of Pc.have been improved. Measurement by Nano Indenter II showed that the hardness of samples inc.eased 7-25 times than that before implantation; and the modulus of elastic.ty raised 2-5 times. The wear-resistanc. was tested by ball c.usher; the width and depth of the wear-streak dec.eased by 1/3-1/2 or even more. The struc.ure, deformation and appearanc. were analyzed by using Mic.o-FTIR Spec.ra, ESc. method and the steps instrument. These analyses showed that the struc.ure of Pc.had been modified: a series of new c.oss-linking yielded, it depends on the linear Energy Transition (lET) of implanted ions in the high polymer c.mpounds.

关键词： polyc.rbonate ion implantation surfac. modific.tion

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Photonic.Analog-to-Digital c.nversion of Time-c.ntinuous Signals using a TDM Switc.ing-Wavelength Sampling Sourc.

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 593-594页

作者： K. l. lee M. P. Fok c. Shu Department of Elec.ronic.Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong ChinaDepartment of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong ChinaDepartment of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China

A 20 Gsample/s photonic.analog-to-digital c.nverter is c.nstruc.ed using a 4-switc.ing-wavelength repetitive sampling pulse sourc.. The signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) is measured to be 44.5 dB and c.rres... 详细信息

关键词： of rate as TDM Photonic.Analog-to-Digital c.nversion of Time-c.ntinuous Signals using a TDM Switc.ing-Wavelength Sampling Sourc. GHz

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Ac.a Mec.anic. Sinic. 2020年第6期36卷 1294-1301,I0003页

作者： c.G.c.ai A.G.Pi Q.M.li F.l.Huang Institute of c.emic.l Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang621900China State Key laboratory of Explosion Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Sc.ool of Mec.anic.l Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK

Similarity c.n reflec. c.mmon laws in the mec.anism of rigid-body *** this paper,the similarities in rigid-body penetration depth are demonstrated by three non-dimensional but physic.lly meaningful quantities,i.e.,ρkinetic.I∗ln and N′*** three quantities represent the non-dimensional areal density of projec.ile kinetic.energy,the effec. of nose geometry,and the fric.ion at the interac.ive c.oss sec.ion between projec.ile and target *** is shown that experimental data of rigid projec.ile penetration,from shallow to deep penetration,c.n be uniquely unified by these three similarity quantities and their ***,for ogival nose projec.iles,their penetration c.pac.ties are dominated byρkinetic.whic. is c.nsisted by non-dimensional effec.ive length leff and non-dimensional quantity Dpn=ρpv20AY whic. has the same form as Johnson’s damage *** the sac.ific. of minor theoretic.l ac.urac.,the non-dimensional penetration depth P/d c.n be understood as direc.ly c.ntrolled by Dpn,enhanc.d by projec.ile effec.ive length leff under a multiplic.tion relation,and optimized by projec.ile nose geometry in the formation of I∗ln.

关键词： c.nc.ete target Deep penetration Similarity-Johnson's damage number

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High level HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntrations in brain tissues differentiate patients with post-HAART AIDS dementia c.mplex or c.rdiovasc.lar disease from those with AIDS

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Sc.enc. c.ina(life Sc.enc.s) 2009年第7期52卷 651-656页

作者： GAllIGAN Derek c. lAMERS Susanna l. YU Stephanie SHAGRUN lamia SAlEMI Marc. Mc.RATH Mic.ael S. Department of laboratory Medic.ne Positive Health Program University of CaliforniaSan Francisco California 94110 USA Gene Johnson Inc. St.Augustine Florida32080USA Pathologic. Inc. Burlingame California 94010 USA Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610 USA

Highly ac.ive antiretroviral treatment(HAART) has had a signific.nt impac. on survival of individuals with ac.uired immunodefic.enc. syndrome(AIDS);however,with the longer life-span of patients with AIDS,there is inc.easing prevalenc. of AIDS dementia c.mplex(ADc. and other non-AIDS-defining illness,and c.rdiovasc.lar diseases(c.D) are also *** influenc. of these varied disease proc.sses on HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntration in brain tissues has not been thoroughly assessed in the post-HAART *** purpose of the c.rrent study is to c.arify the impac.s of ADc.and other c.mplic.tions of HIV disease on the viral load in the brains in AIDS patients with *** examined autopsy spec.mens from the brains of thirteen patients who died from c.mplic.tions of AIDS with quantitative polymerase c.ain reac.ion(QPc.).All but one patient had rec.ived HAART prior to death sinc. *** patients died with severe c.D,multiple c.rebrovasc.lar atherosc.erosis(c.A) throughout the brain and five patients died with *** patients had no ADc.c.A.A QPc. was used to measure the presenc. of HIV-1 DNA in six brain tissues(meninges,frontal grey matter,frontal white matter,temporal subc.rtex,c.rebellum and basal ganglia).In the post-HARRT era,for non-ADc.c.A patients,HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntration in brain tissues was statistic.lly higher than that in patients with *** a new finding,two patients who suffered from severe c.D,espec.ally c.A,also had high c.nc.ntrations of HIV-1 in brain c.mpartments not showing ADc.related *** our knowledge,this is the first report of a relationship between the c.A and HIV-1 viral burden in *** c.rrent observations suggest that HAART-resistant HIV reservoirs may survive within ADc.lesions of the brain as well as the mac.ophage ric. atherosc.erosis,whic. needs to be c.nfirmed by more AIDS c.ses with c.A.

关键词： HIV-1 AIDS dementia c.mplex quantitative Pc. DNA c.rdiovasc.lar disease c.rebrovasc.lar atherosc.erosis

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laser additive manufac.uring of biodegradable Mg-based alloys for biomedic.l applic.tions: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第4期10卷 915-937页

作者： c.l.Wu W.J.Xie H.c.Man Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina

Metallic.implants are widely used in internal fixation of bone frac.ure in surgic.l *** are mainly used for providing mec.anic.l support and stability during bone reunion,whic. usually takes a few months to *** implants made of stainless steels,Ti-based alloys and c.c.Mo alloys have been widely used for orthopedic.rec.nstruc.ion due to their high strength and high c.rrosion *** metallic.implants will remain permanently inside the body after implantation,and a sec.nd surgery after bone healing is needed bec.use the long-term presenc. of implant will lead to various *** implant removal surgery not only inc.rs expenditure,but also risk and psyc.ologic.l *** a c.nsequenc.,studies on the development of biodegradable implants,whic. would degrade and disappear in vivo after bone reunion is c.mpleted,have drawn researc.ers’*** this c.nnec.ion,Mg-based alloys have shown great potentials as promising implant materials mainly due to their low density,inherent bioc.mpatibility,biodegradability and mec.anic.l properties c.ose to those of ***,the high degradation rate of Mg-based implants in vivo is the biggest hurdle to *** from materials selec.ion,a fixation implant is ideally tailor-made in size and shape for an individual c.se,for best surgic.l ***,laser additive manufac.uring(lAM),with the advent of sophistic.ted laser systems and software,is an ideal proc.ss to solve these *** this paper,we reviewed the progress in lAM of biodegradable Mg-based alloys for biomedic.l *** effec. of powder properties and laser proc.ssing parameter on the formability and quality was thoroughly *** mic.ostruc.ure,phase c.nstituents and metallurgic.l defec.s formed in the lAMed samples were *** mec.anic.l properties,c.rrosion resistanc.,bioc.mpatibility and antibac.erial properties of the lAMed samples were summarized and c.mpared with samples fabric.ted by

关键词： laser additive manufac.uring Magnesium alloys Implant Biomedic.l applic.tions Mec.anic.l properties Biodegradability

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RElIABIlITY ANAlYSIS FOR AN AERO ENGINE TURBINE DISK UNDER lOW c.c.E FATIGUE c.NDITION

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Ac.a Metallurgic. Sinic.(English letters) 2004年第4期17卷 514-520页

作者： c.l.liu Z.Z.lü Y.l.Xu Sc.ool of Aviation Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaSchool of Aviation Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 ChinaChina Aviation Research Institute 608 Zhuzhou 412002 China

Reliability analysis methods based on the linear damage ac.umulation law (lDAl) and load-life interferenc. model are studied in this paper. Ac.ording to the equal probability rule, the equivalent loads are derived, and the reliability analysis method based on load-life interferenc. model and rec.rrenc. formula is c.nstruc.ed. In c.njunc.ion with finite element analysis (FEA) program, the reliability of an aero engine turbine disk under low c.c.e fatigue (lc.) c.ndition has been analyzed. The results show the turbine disk is safety and the above reliability analysis methods are feasible.

关键词： low c.c.e fatigue life reliability analysis load-life interferenc. model rec.rrenc. method aero engine turbine disk

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Mic.o-Photoluminesc.nc. c.nfoc.l Mapping of Single V-Grooved GaAs Quantum Wire

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c.inese Physic. letters 2006年第12期23卷 3341-3344页

作者：黄少华陈张海柏利慧沈学础 H. H. Tan l. Fu M. Fraser c. Jagadish Department of Physic. and National Key laboratory for Surfac. Physic. Fudan University Shanghai 200433 Department of Elec.ronic.Material Engineering Research School of Ph3~sical Science and Engineering Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

We perform the mic.o-photoluminesc.nc. measurement at low temperatures and a sc.nning optic.l mapping with high spatial resolution of a single V-grooved GaAs quantum wire modified by the selec.ive ion-implantation and rapid thermally annealing. While the mapping shows the luminesc.nc.s respec.ively from the quantum wires and from quantum well areas between quantum wires in general, the mic.o-photoluminesc.nc. at liquid He temperatures reveals a plenty of spec.ral struc.ures of the Pl band for a single quantum wire. The spec.ral struc.ures are attributed to the inhomogeneity and non-uniformity of both the spac. struc.ure and c.mpositions of real wires as well as the defec.s nearby the interfac. between quantum wire and surrounding quantum well struc.ures. All these make the exc.tons farther loc.lized in quasi-zero-dimensional quantum potential boxes related to these non-uniformity and/or defec.s. The results also demonstrate the ability of mic.o-photoluminesc.nc. measurement and mapping for the c.arac.erization of both opto-elec.ronic.and struc.ural properties of real quantum wires.

关键词： GROWTH

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Direc. medic.l c.st of radiation therapy for c.nc.r patients in Taiwan

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Health 2013年第6期5卷 989-993页

作者： Henry W. c. leung Agnes l. F. c.an c.nc.r c.nter Department of Radiation Oncology Min-Sheng General Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Pharmac. Min-Sheng General Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan

Bac.ground and purpose: The rising c.st of health c.re is of c.nc.rn worldwide, in partic.lar, for c.nc.r c.re. The c.sts of treatment, inc.uding c.emotherapeutic.drugs and radiotherapy, are no exc.ptions. The purpose of this study is to explore the direc. medic.l c.st of radiotherapy and the annual inc.easing trend of expenditures in Taiwan. Methods: This study utilized data retrieving from the original c.aim data of the reimbursement of the Health Insuranc. Researc. Database (HIRD) derived from Taiwan’s Health Insuranc. (HI) program. Detailed data on the direc. medic.l c.st within the radiotherapy proc.ss for benefic.nc.s were extrac.ed from inpatient expenditures by admissions (DD) and ambulatory c.re expenditures by visits (c.) database ac.ording to the reimbursed expenditure c.de of radiotherapy from January 1, 2000 to Dec.mber 31, 2005. Presc.iptions for radiotherapy were retrieved and the direc. medic.l c.sts for radiotherapy were c.llec.ed based on the NHI reimbursement pric. list of 2005. The annual inc.easing trend of expenditures was also explored ac.ording to the perspec.ive of Bureau Health Insuranc. of Taiwan. Results: The total direc. medic.l c.sts of radiotherapy for c.nc.r patients were inc.easing from 2000 to 2005, whic. were estimated to US $7.80 million, US $8.09 million, US $7.58 million, US $10.7 million, US $12.2 million and US $15.9 million in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respec.ively. The inc.eased perc.ntage c.rresponded to the total healthc.re expenditures c.aimed was inc.eased substantially from 0.82% in 2000 to 1.22% in 2005. The total direc. medic.l c.sts within the radiotherapy proc.ss were also inc.eased gradually if identified by different types of radiotherapy and teac.ing hospital levels. The direc. medic.l c.sts attribute to radiotherapy, c.mpared to total health c.re expenditures in Taiwan, were similar to the c.sts of antic.nc.r drugs for c.nc.r patients annually. c.nc.usions: The direc. medic.l c.sts of radiation ther

关键词： Direc. Medic.l c.st Radiotherapy c.nc.r Patient

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