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Update on gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第22期10卷 7653-7664页

作者： Atsushi Nishida kyohei nishino Masashi Ohno Keitaro Sakai Yuji Owaki Yoshika Noda Hirotsugu Imaeda Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagahama City HospitalNagahama 526-8580Japan

The human gut is a complex microbial ecosystem comprising approximately 100 trillion microbes collectively known as the“gut microbiota”.At a rough estimate,the human gut microbiome contains almost 3.3 million genes,which are about 150 times more than the total human genes present in the human *** vast amount of genetic information produces various enzymes and physiologically active ***,the gut microbiota contributes to the maintenance of host health;however,when healthy microbial composition is perturbed,a condition termed“dysbiosis”,the altered gut microbiota can trigger the development of various gastrointestinal *** gut microbiota has consequently become an extremely important research area in *** is also expected that the results of research into the gut microbiota will be applied to the prevention and treatment of human gastrointestinal diseases.A randomized controlled trial conducted by a Dutch research group in 2013 showed the positive effect of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection(CDI).These findings have led to the development of treatments targeting the gut microbiota,such as probiotics and FMT for inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)and other *** review focuses on the association of the gut microbiota with human gastrointestinal diseases,including CDI,IBD,and irritable bowel *** also summarize the therapeutic options for targeting the altered gut microbiota,such as probiotics and FMT.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Clostridioides difficile(Clostridium)infection Irritable bowel syndrome Probiotics Fecal microbiota transplantation

Expression of Interleukin-26 is upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第30期23卷 5519-5529页

作者： Makoto Fujii Atsushi Nishida Hirotsugu Imaeda Masashi Ohno kyohei nishino Shigeki Sakai Osamu Inatomi Shigeki Bamba Masahiro Kawahara Tomoharu Shimizu Akira Andoh Department of Medicine Shiga University of Medical Science Department of Surgery Shiga University of Medical Science

To investigate interleukin (IL)-26 expression in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the function of IL-26. METHODSHuman colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs) were isolated from colon tissue surgically resected. The expression of IL-26 protein and its receptor complex was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The gene expression induced by IL-26 was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intracellular signaling pathways were evaluated by immunoblotting and specific small interfering (si) RNA transfection. RESULTSThe mRNA and protein expression of IL-26 were significantly enhanced in the inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD. IL-26 receptor complex was expressed in colonic SEMFs in vivo and in vitro. IL-26 stimulated the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in colonic SEMFs. The inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and siRNAs for signal transducers and activator of transcription 1/3, nuclear factor-kappa B and activator protein-1 significantly reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by IL-26. CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that IL-26 plays a role in the pathophysiology of IBD through induction of inflammatory mediators.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Interleukin-26 Myofibroblasts

Comparison of luminescent properties of helicene-like bibenzothiophenes with o-carborane and 5,6-dicarba-nidodecaborane

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Science China Chemistry 2018年第8期61卷 940-946页

作者： Kenta nishino Kazushi Hashimoto Kazuo Tanaka Yasuhiro Morisaki Yoshiki Chujo Department of Polymer Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University

This article describes comparison of the anchoring effect on electronic properties of the helicene-like bibenzothiophene between o-carborane and 5,6-dicarba-nido-decaborane. The o-carborane and nido-decaborane-fused bibenzothiophenes were simultaneously obtained in the same reaction and successfully isolated. Initially, the X-ray single crystal analysis revealed that the helicene-like distorted structure was realized in the nido-decaborane-fused bibenzothiophene. From optical measurements in the solution state, distinct different characteristics depending on the type of anchors were observed. It was summarized that the absorption and luminescent properties originated from weak π-conjugation at the bibenzothiophene moiety in the o-carboranefused compound were obtained, whereas robust π-conjugation and significant emission from the intramolecular charge transfer state were detected from the nido-decaborane-fused compound. These data can be explained by the theoretical results that π-conjugation was restrictedly developed within the bibenzothiophene moiety in frontier orbitals of the o-carborane-fused compound. In contrast, π-conjugation can be constructed even through the distorted bibenzothiophene because of the nido-decaborane unit. Moreover, the intramolecular charge transfer state should be realized because of electronic interaction involving the nido-decaborane unit in the excited state. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the nido-decaborane-fused compound possessed solid-state emission and mechanochromic luminescent properties. The π-conjugation on the distorted structure supported by the nido-decaborane anchor should play a significant role in suppressing aggregation-caused quenching followed by presenting solid-state emission with stimuli responsiveness.

关键词： carborane helicene mechanochromism aggregation-induced emission

Hepatitis B:Who should be treated?-managing patients with chronic hepatitis B during the immune-tolerant and immunoactive phases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第43期27卷 7497-7508页

作者： Miwa Kawanaka Ken nishino Hirofumi Kawamoto Ken Haruma Department of General Internal Medicine 2 General Medical CenterKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayama 700-8505Japan

New hepatitis B virus(HBV)infections are decreasing owing to improved antiviral therapy and increased HBV vaccination worldwide;however,the number of HBV infections remains a major cause of liver *** triggers cytotoxic immunity to eliminate HBV-infected ***,the HBV pathophysiology changes in persistently infected individuals depending on host immune responses and HBV DNA proliferation *** prevent liver cirrhosis and carcinogenesis caused by HBV,it is important to treat HBV infection at an early *** treatment is recommended for the immunoactive hepatitis B surface-antigen-positive and-negative phase,but not during the immune-inactive phase or immune-tolerant phase;instead,follow-up is ***,these patients should be monitored through regular blood tests to accurately diagnose the immune-inactive or-tolerant *** treatment regimen should be determined based on the age,sex,family history of liver cancer,and liver fibrosis status of *** treatment is often recommended due to various problems during the immune-tolerant *** review compares the four major international practice guidelines,including those from the Japanese Society of Hepatology,and discusses strategies for chronic hepatitis B treatment during the immune-tolerant,immune-inactive,and resolved ***,recommended hepatitis B antiviral therapy and follow-up protocols are discussed.

关键词： Hepatitis B Immune tolerance Immune-inactive Anti-viral therapy Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis

Mass screening-based case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in Changchun, China

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第4期10卷 551-560页

作者： Xiao-Meng Li Jiang Li Ichiro Tsuji Naoki Nakaya Yoshikazu nishino Xue-Jian Zhao School of Life Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China School of Basic Medical Sciences Changchun 130041 China Dental Hospital Jilin University Changchun 130041 China Department of Public Health Tohoku University Sendai 980-8576 Japan

Aim： To investigate possible correlation factors for prostate cancer by a population-based case-control study in China. Methods： We carded out a mass screening of prostate cancer in Changchun, China, using a prostate-specific antigen assisted by Japan International Cooperation Agency. From June 1998 to December 2000, 3 940 men over 50 years old were screened. Of these, 29 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. We selected 28 cases and matched them with controls of low prostate-specific antigen value （〈 4.1 ng/mL） by 1：10 according to age and place of employment. A case-control study of diet and prostate cancer was then carded out. Results： After adjustment for education, body mass index （BMI）, smoking, alcohol consumption, marriage and diet, intake of soybean product was discovered to be inversely related to prostate cancer. Men who consumed soybean product more than twice per week on different days had a multivariate odds ratio （OR） of 0.38 （95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-1.12）. In addition, men who consumed soybean products more than once per day had a multivariate OR of 0.29 （95% CI, 0.11-0.79） compared with men who consumed soybean products less than once per week. The P for trend was 0.02, which showed significant difference. There was no significant difference in P trend for any dairy food. Even when we matched the cases and controls by other criteria, we found that soybean food was the only preventive factor associated with prostate cancer. Conclusion： Our study suggests that consumption of soybeans, one of the most popular foods in Asia, would decrease the risk of prostate cancer.

关键词： soybean prostate cancer case-control study diet

Characteristics of non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease refractory to proton pump inhibitor therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第14期17卷 1858-1865页

作者： Mitsushige Sugimoto Masafumi nishino Chise Kodaira Mihoko Yamade Takahiro Uotani Mutsuhiro Ikuma Kazuo Umemura Takahisa Furuta Center for Clinical Research Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka Hamamatsu 431-3192Japan First Department of Medicine Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka Hamamatsu 431-3192Japan Department of Pharmacology Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka Hamamatsu 431-3192Japan

AIM:To investigate whether potent acid inhibition is effective in non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) refractory to standard rabeprazole (RPZ) treatment. METHODS:We treated 10 Japanese patients with NERD resistant to standard dosages of RPZ:10 mg or 20 mg od,20 mg bid,or 10 mg qid for 14 d. All patients completed a frequency scale for symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG); and underwent 24 h pH monitoring on day 14. RESULTS:With increased dosages and frequency of administration of RPZ,median intragastric pH significantly increased,and FSSG scores significantly decreased. With RPZ 10 mg qid,potent acid inhibition was attained throughout 24 h. However,five subjects were refractory to RPZ 10 mg qid,although the median intragastric pH in these subjects (6.6,range:6.2-7.1) was similar to that in the remaining five responsive subjects (6.5,range:5.3-7.3). With baseline RPZ 10 mg od,FSSG scores in responsive patients improved by > 30%,whereas there was no significant decrease in the resistant group. CONCLUSION:NERD patients whose FSSG score fails to decrease by > 30% after treatment with RPZ 10 mg od for 14 d are refractory to higher dosage.

关键词： Non-erosive reflux disease Rabeprazole CYP2C19

POTENT INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF TUBEIMOSIDE 1 ISOLATED FROM THE BULB OF Bolbostemma paniculatum (MAXIM)FRANQUET ON INFLAMMATORY EAR OEDEMA AND TUMOR PROMOTION IN MICE

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1992年第7期37卷 602-606页

作者：马润娣于立坚王永清 HOYOKU nishino JUNKO TAKAYASU Department of Biochemistry Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology Xi'an 710003 PRC Department of Pharmacy Shaanxi Provincial Health School Xi'an 710000 PRC Department of Biochemistry Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan

Numerous attempts have been made to select compounds that might reduce the incidence of cancer. Previously we have found out that several kinds of natural and

关键词： tubeimoside 1 anti-inflammatory activity antitumor promoting action.

A Pipe Inspection Using a Circumferential SH-Mode Plate Wave Generated in a Pipe by an Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT)

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2018年第3期6卷 671-683页

作者： Riichi Murayama Hideo nishino Faculty of Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology Fukuoka Japan Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science Tokushima University Tokushima Japan

Inspection of a pipeline is essential for the safe use of such facilities. A trial sensor using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT), which can generate the SH-mode plate wave propagating in the circumferential direction, has been developed to realize this objective. It consists of a circulating electromagnetic induction coil around the pipe and many permanent magnets arranged on the surface of the pipe in the circumferential direction. It is postulated that the intensity of the SH-mode plate wave propagating in the circumferential direction is dependent on any defects in the circumferential direction. A resonance method was then utilized to obtain a stronger received signal. As a result, it was confirmed that the resonance status can be detected. The relationship between the signal intensity and the pipe thickness was then evaluated. It was confirmed that the wall thickness of about 20% can be detected under a static condition. Finally, a moving test has been executed by using an axially traveling device manufactured by trial. The test pipes with different sizes of drilled holes were prepared. The change in the received signal intensity according to different sizes of the drilled holes was successfully detected.

关键词： SH-Mode Plate Wave EMAT Pipe Nondestructive Inspection Resonance Method

Association of primary biliary cirrhosis with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第15期14卷 2451-2453页

作者： Nobuyuki Toshikuni Ryumei Yamato Haruhiko Kobashi Ken nishino Nobu Inada Ritsuko Sakanoue Mitsuhiko Suehiro Yoshinori Fujimura Gotaro Yamada Department of Internal Medicine Center for Liver Diseases Kawasaki Hospital Kawasaki Medical School Okayama 7008505 Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama 7008558 Japan

Although both primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are autoimmune diseases, the association of the 2 diseases is rare. Here, we report a case of ITP that developed during the follow-up of PBC in a 74-year- old man. The patient had been diagnosed with PBC 12 years previously, and had received treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. The platelet count decreased from approximately 60 × 109/L to 8 × 109/L, and the association of decompensated liver cirrhosis (PBC) with ITP was diagnosed. Steroid and immune gamma globulin therapy were successful in increasing the platelet count. Interestingly, human leukocyte antigen genotyping detected the alleles DQB10601 and DRB10803, which are related to both PBC and ITP in Japanese patients. This case suggests common immunogenetic factors might be involved in the development of PBC and ITP.

关键词： Primary biliary cirrhosis Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Anti-platelet autoantibody Platelet surface glycoprotein complex Human leukocyteantigen