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Influence of biological sex and exercise on murine cardiac metabolism

作者： Taya kyle and Jim DeFelice.

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 479-494页

作者： kyle Fulghum Helen E.Collins Steven P.Jones Bradford G.Hill Diabetes and Obesity Center Department of MedicineDivision of Environmental MedicineChristina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Physiology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA

Although the structural and functional effects of exercise on the heart are well established,the metabolic changes that occur in the heart during and after exercise remain *** this study,we used metabolomics to assess time-dependent changes in the murine cardiac metabolome following 1 session of treadmill *** the exercise bout,we also recorded blood lactate,glucose,and ketone body levels and measured cardiac mitochondrial *** both male and female mice,moderate-and high-intensity exercise acutely increased blood lactate *** both sexes,low-and moderate-intensity exercise augmented circulating 3-hydroxybutryrate levels immediately after the exercise bout;however,only in female mice did high-intensity exercise increase 3-hydroxybutyrate levels,with significant increases occurring 1 h after the exercise *** metabolomics analyses of sedentary female and male hearts suggest considerable sex-dependent differences in basal cardiac metabolite levels,with female hearts characterized by higher levels of pantothenate,pyridoxamine,homoarginine,tryptophan,and several glycerophospholipid and sphingomyelin species and lower levels of numerous metabolites,including acetyl coenzyme A,glucuronate,gulonate,hydroxyproline,prolyl-hydroxyproline,carnosine,anserine,and carnitinylated and glycinated species,as compared with male *** after a bout of treadmill exercise,both male and female hearts had higher levels of corticosterone;however,female mice showed more extensive exercise-induced changes in the cardiac metabolome,characterized by significant,time-dependent changes in amino acids(e.g.,serine,alanine,tyrosine,tryptophan,branched-chain amino acids)and the ketone body *** from experiments using isolated cardiac mitochondria suggest that high-intensity treadmill exercise does not acutely affect respiration or mitochondrial coupling;however,female cardiac mitochondria demonstrate generally higher adenosi

关键词： Ketone bodies Metabolomics Mitochondria Physical activity Sex difference

Computational synthesis of substrates by crystal cleavage

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1336-1341页

作者： Joshua T.Paul Alice Galdi Christopher Parzyck kyle M.Shen Jared Maxson Richard G.Hennig Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Quantum Theory Project University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA

The discovery of substrate materials has been dominated by trial and error,opening the opportunity for a systematic *** generate bonding networks for materials from the Materials Project and systematically break up to three bonds in the networks for three-dimensional *** cleavage reduces the bonding network to two periodic *** identify 4693 symmetrically unique cleavage surfaces across 2133 bulk crystals,4626 of which have a maximum Miller index of *** characterize the likelihood of cleavage by creating monolayers of these surfaces and calculating their thermodynamic stability using density functional theory to discover 3991 potential ***,we identify distinct trends in the work of cleavage and relate them to bonding in the three-dimensional *** illustrate the potential impact of the substrate database by identifying several improved epitaxial substrates for the transparent conductor *** open-source databases of predicted and commercial substrates are available at ***.

关键词： cleavage bonding synthesis

Modeling axonal defects in hereditary spastic paraplegia with human pluripotent stem cells

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第5期11卷 339-354页

作者： kyle R. Denton Chongchong Xu Harsh Shah Xue-Jun Li Department of Neuroscience University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington CT 06030 USA Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford IL 61107 USA MD program College of Medicine at Rockford IL 61107 USA MD program College of Medicine at Rockford IL 61107 USA Department of Btoengmeertng University of Illinois at Chicago IL 60607 USA

BACKGROUND： Cortical motor neurons, also known as upper motor neurons, are large projection neurons whose axons convey signals to lower motor neurons to control the muscle movements. Degeneration of cortical motor neuron axons is implicated in several debilitating disorders including hereditary spastic paraplegia （HSP）. Since the discovery of the first HSP gene, SPASTthat encodes spastin, over 70 distinct genetic loci associated with HSP have been identified. How the mutations of these functionally diverse genes result in axonal degeneration and why certain axons are affected in HSP remain largely unknown. The development of induced pluripotent stem cell （iPSC） technology has provided researchers an excellent resource to generate patient-specific human neurons to model human neuropathological processes including axonal defects. METHODS： In this article, we will first review the pathology and pathways affected in the common forms of liSP subtypes by searching the PubMed database. We will then summarize the findings and insights gained from studies using iPSC-based models, and discuss challenges and future directions. RESULTS： HSPs, a heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders, exhibit similar pathological changes that result from retrograde axonal degeneration of cortical motor neurons. Recently, iPSCs have been generated from several common forms of HSP including SPG4, SPG3A, and SPG11 patients. Neurons derived from HSP iPSCs exhibit impaired neurite outgrowth, increased axonal swellings, and reduced axonal transport, recapitulating disease-specific axonal defects. CONCLUSIONS： These patient-derived neurons offer a unique tool to study the pathogenic mechanisms and explore the treatments for rescuing axonal defects in HSP, as well as other diseases involving axonopathy.

关键词： HSP axonal degeneration pluripotent stem cells spastin atlastin-1

Timing of metamorphism and deformation in the Swat valley, northern Pakistan:Insight into garnet-monazite HREE partitioning

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 849-861页

作者： kyle P.Larson Asghar Ali Sudip Shrestha Mathieu Soret John M.Cottle Rafique Ahmad University of British Columbia Okanagan Earth Environmental and Geographic Sciences University of Peshawar Department of Geology University of Califomia Santa Barbara Department of Earth Sciences The Bacha Khan University Department of Geology

New metamorphic petrology and geochronology from the Loe Sar dome in the Swat region of northern Pakistan place refined constraints on the pressure, temperature and timing of metamorphism and deformation in that part of the Himalayan orogen. Thermodynamic modelling and monazite petrochronology indicate that metamorphism in the area followed a prograde evolution from ～525 ± 25 ℃and 6 士 0.5 kbar to ～610 ± 25 ℃ and 9 士 0.5 kbar, between ca. 39 Ma and 28 Ma. Partitioning of heavy rare earth elements between garnet rims and 30-28 Ma monazite are interpreted to indicate coeval crystallization at peak conditions. Microtextural relationships indicate that garnet rim growth post-dated the development of the main foliation in the area. The regional foliation is folded about large-scale N-S trending fold axes and overprinting E-W trending folds to form km-scale domal culminations. The textural relationships observed indicate that final dome development must be younger than the 30-28 Ma monazite that grew with garnet rims post-regional foliation development, but pre-doming-related deformation. This new timing constraint helps resolve discrepancy between previous interpretations,which have alternately suggested that N-S trending regional folds must be either pre-or post-early Oligocene. Finally, when combined with existing hornblende and white mica cooling ages, these new data indicate that the study area was exhumed rapidly following peak metamorphism.

关键词： Pakistan Himalaya Monazite petrochronology Metamorphism Phase equilibria modelling Deformation

Constrained multiobjective robust optimization of a bistable mechanism for inertial switch

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第11期66卷 3186-3196页

作者： LIU Min WANG WeiDong ZHU YingMin YUAN YangBo NIU YanXu DONG LinXi WANG ChenYing JIANG kyle CHEN GuiMin School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China School of Electronic Information Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Mechanical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Mechanical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

This paper proposes an optimization method for finding the optimal design of a bistable mechanism with a desired performance that is robust to structural and material *** interval numbers to characterize the uncertainties in the structural parameters and materials,we present a nonprobabilistic multiobjective optimization model and transform it into a single objective optimization model using a penalty *** sensitivity of the mechanical performance of bistable structures to uncertain parameters was analyzed,and the design parameters with notable effects on the bistable performance were identified as optimization variables.A neural network-based proxy model for the nonlinear characteristics of the bistable mechanism was established,and its accuracy was validated through finite element *** on this model,a two-layer nested genetic algorithm was employed to solve the multiobjective robust optimization problem of the bistable structures with critical forces and a second stable *** effectiveness of the optimization method was verified by comparing it with the finite element and experimental *** proposed method was applied in the design of silicon-based inertial switches.

关键词： multiobjective robust optimization uncertainty interval analysis bistable mechanism

Indian time:time,seasonality,and culture in Traditional Ecological Knowledge of climate change

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 274-284页

作者： Samantha Chisholm Hatfield Elizabeth Marino kyle Powys Whyte Kathie D.Dello Philip W.Mote Oregon Climate Change Research Institute Oregon State University104 CEOAS Admin BuildingCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Social Sciences Oregon State University Cascades Campus2600 NW College WayBendOR 97701USA Department of Philosophy Michigan State University503 S.Kedzie HallEast LansingMI 48824-1032USA Department of Community Sustainability Michigan State University503 S.Kedzie HallEast LansingMI 48824-1032USA

Introduction:Western climate science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK)represent complementary and overlapping views of the causes and consequences of *** particular,observations of changes in abundance,distribution,phenology,or behavior of the natural environment(including plants and animals)can have a rich cultural and spiritual interpretation in Indigenous communities that may not be present in western science ***:Using interviews with Indigenous elders and other Traditional Knowledge holders,we demonstrate that assumptions about the nature,perception,and utilization of time and timing can differ across knowledge systems in regard to climate ***:Our interviewees’focus on relationality predisposes them to notice interactional changes among humans and other species,to be sensitive to smaller scale examples of change,to be more likely to see climate change as part of a broader time scale,and to link changes to a greater suite of socio-political phenomena,including the long arc of *** implication of this research and the interactions among humans and other species is that policies restricting Native and non-Native access to resources(i.e.,hunting and fishing)to certain calendar seasons may need to be revisited in a changing climate.

关键词： Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK) Traditional Knowledge(TK) Indigenous Knowledge(IK) Climate change Phenology Seasonality Time

Corticospinal activity during a single-leg stance in people with chronic ankle instability

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 58-66页

作者： Masafumi Terada kyle B.Kosik Ryan S.McCann Colin Drinkard Phillip A.Gribble College of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShiga 525-8577Japan Department of Athletic Training&Clinical Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536-0200USA School of Rehabilitation Sciences Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Westlake High School Athletics AustinTX 78746USA

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine whether corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing differs among individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI),lateral ankle sprain copers,and healthy ***:Twenty-three participants with CAI,23 lateral ankle sprain copers,and 24 healthy control participants *** motor threshold(AMT),normalized motor-evoked potential(MEP),and cortical silent period(CSP)were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants performed a single-leg standing ***:Participants with CAI had significantly longer CSP at 100%of AMT and lower normalized MEP at 120%of AMT compared to lateral ankle sprain copers(CSP100%:p=0.003;MEP120%:p=0.044)and controls(CSP100%:p=0.041;MEP120%:p=0.006).Conclusion:This investigation demonstrate altered corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing in participants with *** research is needed to examine the effects of corticospinal maladaptations to motor control of the tibial anterior on postural control performance in those with CAI.

关键词： Ankle sprain Joint instability Motor cortex Postural control

Hierarchical nano-on-micro copper with enhanced catalytic activity towards electro-oxidation of hydrazine

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2018年第1期12卷 45-52页

作者： Xiaodong YAN Yuan LIU kyle R. SCHEEL Yong LI Yunhua YU Xiaoping YANG Zhonghua PENG Department of Chemistry University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City MO 64110 USA State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China

The electrochemical properties of catalyst materials are highly dependent on the materials structure and architecture. Herein, nano-on-micro Cu electrodes are fabricated by growing Cu microcrystals on Ni foam substrate, followed by introducing Cu nanocrystals onto the surface of the Cu microcrystals. The introduction of Cu nanocrystals onto the surface of Cu microcrystals is shown to dramatically increase the electrochemically active surface area and thus significantly enhances the catalytic activity of the catalyst electrode towards electro-oxidation of hydrazine. The onset potential （-1.04 V vs. AglAgCI） of the nano-on-micro Cu electrode is lower than those of the reported Cu-based catalysts under similar testing conditions, and a current density of 16 mA-cm-2, which is 2 times that of the microsized Cu electrode, is achieved at a potential of -0.95 V vs. Ag/AgCh Moreover, the nano-on-micro Cu electrode demonstrates good long-term stability.

关键词： electrocatalysis hydrazine oxidation copper nanocrystal hierarchicalarchitecture