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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第1期53卷 63-73页

作者： kyaw thu moe Jong-Wook Chung Young-Il Cho Jung-Kyung Moon Ja-Hwan Ku Jin-Kyo Jung Jungran Lee Yong-Jin Park Department of Plant Resources College of Industrial SciencesKongju National University The Rural Development Administration(RDA) Legume Bio-Resource Center of Green Manure(LBRCGM) Kongju National University

Mungbean （Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek） is a unique species in its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, with early maturity, and relatively good drought resistance. We used 454 sequencing technology for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 150 159 and 142 993 reads produced 5 254 and 6 374 large contigs （〉_500 bp） with an average length of 833 and 853 for Sunhwa and Jangan, respectively. Functional annotation to known sequences yielded 41.34% and 41.74% unigenes for Jangan and Sunhwa. A higher number of simple sequence repeat （SSR） motifs was identified in Jangan （1 630） compared with that of Sunhwa （1 334）. A similar SSR distribution pattern was observed in both varieties. A total of 8 249 single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and indels with 2 098 high-confidence candidates were identified in the two mungbean varieties. The average distance between individual SNPs was -860 bp. Our report demonstrates the utility of transcriptomic data for implementing a functional annotation and development of genetic markers. We also provide large resource sequence data for mungbean improvement programs.

关键词： Sequence Information on Simple Sequence Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms through Transcriptome Analysis of Mungbean SNPs

Prevalence and risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality in Brunei Darussalam

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第1期16卷 9-15页

作者： Liling Chaw Nurul Huda Jeludin kyaw thu PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences Universiti Brunei DarussalamGadongBrunei Darussalam Disease Control Division Department of Environmental Health ServicesMinistry of HealthBandar Seri BegawanBrunei Darussalam

Objective:To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality in Brunei Darussalam and to explore its underlying ***:A retrospective cohort study was conducted where data on socio-demographics,clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of all tuberculosis patients registered at the National tuberculosis Coordinating Centre between 2013 and 2017 were *** tuberculosis mortality and the proportion of tuberculosis-related deaths were *** regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of tuberculosis mortality when compared to those who are cured and/or completed tuberculosis ***:Of 1107 tuberculosis cases,99 died,giving an overall tuberculosis mortality rate of 8.9%(95%CI 7.4%-10.8%).Significant risk factors associated with tuberculosis mortality were age≥40 years(adjusted OR for 40-59 years was 3.89;95%CI 1.13-1.69;adjusted OR for≥60 years was 22.3;95%CI 7.27-91.9,using 20-39 years as reference),female sex(adjusted OR 1.74;95%CI 1.09-2.79),having renal disease(adjusted OR 25.7;95%CI 2.82-191.50)and having any cancers(adjusted OR 3.61;95%CI 1.26-10.00).The majority(75.8%)of the recorded deaths were not related to ***:Tuberculosis patients who were older than 40 years,female,and having renal disease and any cancer will need close monitoring in their management program to prevent tuberculosis *** should also focus on other non-tuberculosis aspects of the patient’s medical history.

关键词： Mycobacterium infections Tuberculosis Mortality Brunei

ASEAN and Myanmar’s National Security Challenges,Its Position,Role and Influence

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ASEAN and Myanmar’s National Security Challenges,Its Positi...

作者： May thu kyaw 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

缅甸政府一直试图与邻国维持稳定、友好的关系。缅甸重新融入国际社会、加强其自身与全球经济的整合与改革,对东盟的政治、安全、社会和地缘政治产生重要影响。东盟重申将继续支持缅甸为实现和平稳定、维护法治、不同社区之间的团结与... 详细信息

缅甸政府一直试图与邻国维持稳定、友好的关系。缅甸重新融入国际社会、加强其自身与全球经济的整合与改革,对东盟的政治、安全、社会和地缘政治产生重要影响。东盟重申将继续支持缅甸为实现和平稳定、维护法治、不同社区之间的团结与和解以及确保缅甸安全部门可持续和公平增长所做的努力。东盟成员国强调相互尊重民主、主权领土完整和国家认同。为维护稳定、和平与安全的利益,缅甸仍将是东盟的重要伙伴,并在政府的指导下实现双方互惠互利。因此可以认为,东盟和缅甸尽管政治结构不同,但在历届政府努力下,各成员国的领导人正试图通过外交协议来维护正常和友好的关系。这不仅体现在国家层面,在地区稳定层面亦是如此。缅甸的外交政策将发展与邻国和世界各国的友好关系放在首位。缅甸地处南亚和东南亚的交汇处。1967年泰国签署《曼谷宣言》时,他们宣誓遵守《联合国宪章》的价值观,并承诺维护“和平与法治”。这种方法也可以推广到缅甸。在柬埔寨和老挝的支持下,泰国和越南讨论承认2021年2月发生的政变,这符合东盟一贯的的不干涉立场。对手无寸铁的人使用武力受到印度尼西亚、马来西亚和新加坡的批评。他们引用东盟成员国应遵守的宪章责任,即“尊重基本自由、促进和维护人权以及促进社会正义”。从二十世纪九十年代到二十一世纪二十年代,东盟保护缅甸免受国际孤立和制裁。东盟是唯一能够确保军政府参与对话的外交力量,这可能与西方的经济施压有关。东盟与联合国的合作将使国际社会更好地应对缅甸日益紧张的局势。如果东盟领导失误,国际社会和东盟成员国将首当其冲,该组织在当地的重要性也将大大削弱。东盟和缅甸决策者的心态和行动加强了地区安全对实现互利互信的重要性。因此,通过查阅书籍、报纸、期刊和网络资源中的数据,笔者使用定性分析方法来获取必要的信息。缅甸在处理与邻国关系的过程中,始终坚持稳定的国防政策和坚定的外交立场,使得与各国间的关系更加融洽、友好。

关键词：东盟缅甸稳定,和平与地区安全

Participation of private general practitioners in disease management of malaria in Myanmar

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第5期2卷 71-76页

作者： Thein Tun Zaw Win Tun Hla Soe Tint Khin Lin Thar Tun kyaw moe kyaw Myint Department of Medical Research(Upper Myanmar) AnisakhanPyin Oo Lwin 05062Mandalay DivisionMyanmar VBDC Divisional Office 35th StreetMandalayMyanmar

Objective:Myanmar has been trying to improve the disease management of malaria through public health services. The involvement of private general practitioners(GPs) is recognized as one of the key contributory issues in malaria control,but no one has yet made an attempt to study the efficiency of their *** study aimed to assess the participation of GPs in improvement of disease ***:The study was conducted with all 32 GPs practicing at three randomly selected townships with high malaria load situated in Upper Myanmar from June 2006 to March 2007 using a pretest-posttest design to assess their knowledge of the disease management prior to and after *** intervention package consisted of a one-day workshop on diagnosis and treatment of malaria and the supply of facilities for *** filled in before and after tests were compared to assess the change of knowledge after the *** and treatment practice during the study period was analysed by review of registers kept by GPs,together with a follow-up survey of their patients for the reliability of ***:An overall improvement of knowledge was observed and significant changes were apparent for three variables:the criteria for referral of severe malaria,the effect of incomplete treatment and recommended treatment of Plasmodium ***-test results showed that only 65.6%of GPs perceived microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test kits(RDTs) for confirmation of malaria necessary,while only 15.6%and 40.6%of the GPs knew the recommended treatments of falciparum and vivax malaria,respectively. However,after intervention 92%of the patients were diagnosed as malaria by RDTs and 3%by microscopy throughout the *** GPs prescribed artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACTs) to 95%of confirmed falciparum cases and treated 82.4%of RDT confirmed falciparum negatives with chloroquine and *** with our study,an international NGO,Population Service In

关键词： Malaria Myanmar Private health services Disease management Private general practitioners

Effect of Dendranthema on Cotesia plutellae Parasitism in Brassicaceous Crops： Control of Diamondback Moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella （Linnaeus）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第2X期1卷 204-210页

作者： Phyoe Wai Htun Weine Nway Nway Oo moe kyaw thu Department of Biotechnology Mandalay Technological University Pathegyi Township 05052 Mandalay 095 Myanmar

The parasitism rate and the caterpillar infestation were studied by intercropping Dendranthema flowering plants with some cruciferous crops. These flowering plants increased significantly the rate of Cotesia plutellae parasitism in the adj acent plots. It reached to 42.96% in treatment plot and 18.19% in the control. Although there was no significant difference in no. of diamondback moth （DBM） larvae per plant, 29.09% in population reduction was occurred in treatment plot. Abundance of cabbage looper and armyworm were also lower in adjacent plot. But, small white butterfly population （23.46%） was higher in adjacent plots as the result of Dendranthema plant. From the present experiment, Dendranthema flowering plants should be cultivated in Brasssicaceous crops for the control of DBM by providing the essential resources to larval parasitoid C. plutellae adults and then, this plant can be used as attractive plant in the control of small white butterfly. Serious elimination （Rating 4） of candidate insecticides to adult C. plutellae was observed at their recommendation doses. Among them, less toxic effect to C. plutellae was occurred in O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl which is the highest LC50 （4,765 ppm） to DBM by leaf-disc bioassay method and the lowest LC50 （2,903 pprn） was found in marlathion. It was occurred that the test strain have resistance to the recommended dose of marlathion （1,243 ppm） and O,O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl （3,750 ppm）.

关键词： Dendranthema Cotesia plutellae biological control diamondback moth brassicaceous crops.

International non-governmental organizations’provision of communitybased tuberculosis care for hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,2013-2014

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 598-604页

作者： kyaw thu Soe Saw Saw Johan van Griensven Shuisen Zhou Le Win Palanivel Chinnakali Safieh Shah Myo Myo Mon Si thu Aung Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch)Ward 16Near Anisakhan AirportPyin Oo Lwin TownshipMandalay RegionMyanmar Institute of Tropical Medicine Nationalestraat 155Antwerp 2000Belgium National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention207 Ruijin Er RoadShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research No-1Vinayagar kovil StreetKathirkamamPuducherry605009India Operational Research Unit Medecins Sans FrontieresOperational Research Unit68rue de GasperichLuxembourg City L-1617Luxembourg National Tuberculosis Programme Disease Control UnitNay Pyi Taw Bed 1000 HospitalZabu Kyatthayay roadZabu Thiri TownshipNay Pyi TawMyanmar

Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be *** Myanmar,however,there is limited data on how such INGO community-based programs are organized and how effective they *** this study,we describe four INGO strategies for providing community-based TB care to hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,and assess their contribution to TB case ***:We conducted a descriptive study using program data from four INGOs and the National TB Program(NTP)in *** each INGO,we extracted information on its approach and key activities,the number of presumptive TB cases referred and undergoing TB testing,and the number of patients diagnosed with TB and their treatment *** contribution of INGOs to TB diagnosis in their selected townships was calculated as the proportion of INGO-diagnosed new TB cases out of the total NTP-diagnosed new TB cases in the same ***:All four INGOs implemented community-based TB care in challenging contexts,targeting migrants,post-conflict areas,the urban poor,and other vulnerable *** recruited community volunteers via existing community health volunteers or health structures,one via existing community leaderships,and one directly involved TB infected/affected *** INGOs compensated volunteers via performance-based financing,and two provided financial and in-kind *** relied on NTP laboratories for diagnosis and TB drugs,but provided direct observation treatment support and treatment follow-up.A total of 21995 presumptive TB cases were referred for TB diagnosis,with 7383(34%)new TB cases diagnosed and almost all(98%)successfully *** four INGOs contributed to the detection of,on average,36%(7383/20663)of the total new TB cases in their respective townships(range:15-52%).Conclusion:Community-based TB care suppor

关键词： Operational research Community Tuberculosis Volunteers Contribution International nongovernmental organizations Myanmar

Comparison of microscopy and PCR for the detection of human Plasmodium species and Plasmodium knowlesi in southern Myanmar

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第8期7卷 680-685页

作者： thu Zar Han Kay Thwe Han Kyin Hla Aye Thaung Hlaing kyaw Zin Thant Indra Vythilingam MD Programme Faculty of Medicine&Health SciencesUCSI University Department of Medical Research Lower Myanmar Vector Borne Diseases Control Unit Department of Health Department of Parasitology University Malaya

To determine the distribution of Plasmodium (P) species including Plasmodium knowlesi and to compare the specificity and sensitivity of microscopy with nested PCR in malaria *** study was conducted in Kawthaung, southern Myanmar. Ninety clinically suspected malaria patients were screened for malaria by Giemsa stained microscopy and confirmed by nested *** the participants, 57 (63.3%) were positive and 33 (36.7%) were negative by microscopy. Of positive samples, 39 (68.4%) were Plasmodium falciparum, 17 (29.8%) Plasmodium vivax and 1 (1.8%) Plasmodium malariae, whereas 59-amplified by PCR were 40 (67.8%), 18 (30.5%) and 1 (1.7%) respectively. PCR amplified 2 microscopy negative samples. Two samples of P. falciparum detected by microscopy were amplified as P. vivax and vice versa. All samples were negative for Plasmodium ovale, P. knowlesi and mixed infections. Microscopy had a very good measure of agreement (κ = 0.95) compared to nested PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of microscopy for diagnosis of P. falciparum were 92.5% (95% CI: 79.6-98.4) and 96.0% (95% CI: 86.3-99.5) respectively, whereas for P. vivax were 83.3% (95% CI: 58.6-96.4) and 97.2% (95% CI: 90.3-99.7).ConclusionsP. knowlesi was not detected by both microscopy and PCR. Giemsa stained microscopy can still be applied as primary method for malaria diagnosis and is considered as gold standard. As to the lower sensitivity of microscopy for vivax malaria, those with previous history of malaria and relapse cases should be diagnosed by RDT or PCR combined with microscopy. Inaccuracy of species diagnosis highlighted the requirement of training and refresher courses for microscopists.

关键词： Malaria Plasmodium Plasmodium knowlesi Microscopy

Atheroprotective effects of antioxidants through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第8期 3-11页

作者： moe kyaw,Masanori YOSHIZUMI,Koichiro TSUCHIYA,Yuki IZAWA,Yasuhisa KANEMATSU,Toshiaki TAMAKI Department of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology Department of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3-18-15 Kuramoto Tokushima 770-8503 Japan The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and several other cardiovascular diseases. It is now apparent that ROS induce endothelial cell damage and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and cardiac remodeling, which are associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and restenosis. Several lines of evidence have indicated that ROS and mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases were involved in vascular remodeling under various pathological conditions. Recently, it was also reported that MAP kinases were sensitive to oxidative stress. MAP kinases play an important role in cell differentiation, growth, apoptosis, and the regulation of a variety of transcription factors and gene expressions. Bioflavonoids and polyphenolic compounds are believed to be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. One of the most widely distributed bioflavonoids, 3,3',4',5,7-penta hydroxyflavone (

关键词： reactive oxygen species mitogen-activated protein kinase antioxidant vascular smooth muscle cell atherosclerosis

东喜马拉雅构造结快速隆升时期:来自缅甸中央盆地沉积学证据

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地球科学 2022年第7期47卷 2573-2585页

作者：鲁毅崔宇驰 Si Si thu kyaw kyaw Khing Myo Min Aung 朱伟林邵磊同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室上海200092

东喜马拉雅构造结快速隆升时间以及雅鲁藏布江和伊洛瓦底江是否曾经相连已经争论了超过半个世纪.采用锆石U-Pb年代学等方法,对缅甸中央盆地新生代地层的“源-汇”路径开展研究.缅甸中央盆地始新统发育大量铬尖晶石、各坳陷的锆石年龄谱... 详细信息

东喜马拉雅构造结快速隆升时间以及雅鲁藏布江和伊洛瓦底江是否曾经相连已经争论了超过半个世纪.采用锆石U-Pb年代学等方法,对缅甸中央盆地新生代地层的“源-汇”路径开展研究.缅甸中央盆地始新统发育大量铬尖晶石、各坳陷的锆石年龄谱各不相同,表明该时期沉积物以盆地周边隆起为主要物源,不存在统一的源区;渐新世之后,源自区域变质岩的重矿物组合比例逐渐增加,盆地各坳陷碎屑锆石年龄谱特征趋于一致,均以40~70 Ma的主峰以及80~110 Ma次峰为特征,表明沉积物源区进入抹谷变质带,伊洛瓦底江雏形已经形成;由于缅甸中央盆地渐新统至下中新统完全没有喜马拉雅造山带信息,认为该时期雅鲁藏布江-伊洛瓦底江并未相连.晚中新世-更新世,喜马拉雅造山带特征组合十字石和蓝晶石以及110~130 Ma年龄峰的出现,表明伊洛瓦底江已经侵蚀到东喜马拉雅构造结,达到现今流域规模.因此,东喜马拉雅构造结快速隆升的时间大约在晚中新世.

关键词：青藏东南缘缅甸中央盆地河流演化锆石U-Pb定年重矿物物源分析地质年代学

Effects of Combined Application of Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Manures on Nitrogen Use and Recovery Efficiencies of Hybrid Rice (Palethwe-1)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 1043-1064页

作者： Kyi moe Kumudra Win Mg kyaw kyaw Win Takeo Yamakawa Plant Nutrition Laboratory Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Agronomy Yezin Agricultural University Yezin Myanmar Plant Nutrition Laboratory Division of Molecular Biosciences Department of Biosciences & Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

We conducted two field experiments to investigate combined effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on nitrogen use and recovery efficiencies of hybrid rice (Palethwe-1) during dry and wet seasons, 2015. Four levels of inorganic fertilizer (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% NPK), based on recommended rates of 150 kg N ha-1, 70 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 120 kg K2O ha-1, were used with cow manure, poultry manure, and vermicompost (5 t·ha-1each) in a split-plot design with three replicates. In both seasons, with 50% NPK, the N uptake level achieved with poultry manure was similar to that obtained with 75% and 100% NPK. The greatest N use, internal, agronomic N use, and recovery efficiencies were obtained with 50% NPK + poultry manure, but were similar to those obtained from cow manure and vermicompost subplots. As the amount of applied N from organic and inorganic fertilizer increased, the N use efficiency and related parameters decreased, due to similar yields among plots with different NPK application levels. Poultry manure resulted in the highest significant correlations between applied N and N accumulation, followed by cow manure and vermicompost, in both seasons. Neither chemical fertilizer nor organic manure alone led to optimum N use and N recovery efficiencies. The combination of 50% inorganic fertilizer (75 kg N ha-1) and poultry manure (5 t·ha-1) enhanced the N uptake, the N use and recovery efficiencies of hybrid rice. Cow manure (5 t·ha-1) in combination with 75% inorganic fertilizer (112.5 kg N ha-1) was an adequate substitute for reduced chemical fertilizer usage. Therefore, this study highlighted combined application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures had the benefits not only in reducing the need for chemical fertilizers but also in improving N uptake by hybrid rice (Palethwe-1) leading to the better environment.

关键词： Nitrogen Uptake Nitrogen Use Efficiency Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency Agronomic Nitrogen Use Efficiency Hybrid Rice