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MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF ANNEALED ZnO THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY MAGNETRON SPUTTERING

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2005年第3期18卷 177-183页

作者： J.lee W.Gao Z.Li M.Hodgson A.Asadov J.Metson DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering TheUniversityofAucklandAuckland1004NewZealand DepartmentofChemicalandMaterialsEngineering TheUniversityofAucklandAuckland1004NewZealand DepartmentofChemistry TheUniversityofAucklandPrivateBag92019Auckland1004NewZealand

ZnO thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by dc (direct current) and rf (radio frequency) magnetron sputtering. Post-deposition annealing was performed in different atmospheres and at different temperatures. The correlation of the annealing conditions with the microstructure and properties of the ZnO films wer e investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, conductiv ity measurement and scanning electron microscopy. Only the strong 002 peak could be observed by X-ray diffraction. The post-deposition annealing of ZnO films wa s found to alter the film's microstructure and properties, including crystallini ty, porosity, grain size, internal stress level and resistivity. It was also fou nd that after annealing, the conductivity of poorly conductive samples often imp roved. However, annealing does not improve the conductivity of samples with high conductivity prior to annealing. The resistivity of as-grown films can be decre ased from 102 to 10-4Ω·cm after annealing in nitrogen. To explain the effects of annealing on the conductivity of ZnO, it is believed that annealing may alter the presence and distribution of oxygen defects, reduce the lattice stress, cau se diffusion, grain coarsening and recrystallization. Annealing will reduce the density of grain boundaries in less dense films, which may decrease the resistiv ity of the films. On the other hand, annealing may also increase the porosity of thin films, leading to an increase in resistivity.

关键词： zinc oxide thin films microstructure magnetron sputtering post-deposition annealing electrical conductivity

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Eco-mindfulness in Buddhism

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2017年第12期7卷 1645-1650页

作者： Kenneth lee California State University Northridge USA

China's Water Treatment Market Attracts Foreign-funded Enterprises

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China Chemical Reporter 2009年第17期20卷 14-15页

作者： Amy lee

China is making an effort to reduce the impactof the global financial crisis through environmentalinfrastructure *** biggestinvestment program in China,with a projectedbudget of RMB4.0 trillion,has beeninaugurated,and... 详细信息

关键词： funded renewable wastewater trillion resins facili

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Collective Action and Networks in Civil Society： The Case of South Korea＇s Protest Movement

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2015年第1期3卷 8-18页

作者： YunJoo lee Seoul National University Seoul Korea

The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was nearly ratified by United States and South Korea countries" administrations and can be described as a network of transnational trade. However, the candlelight protests have been held that network was set between the individuals of the South Korean society as a reaction against the FTA and Korean government. The network was the results of a new method of amassing power which comparing past protest in South Korea, and it was able to deal a severe blow to the ongoing FTA negotiations. In this paper, we will be using the actor-network theory (ANT) set forth by Law (1992) and Latour (2005) to explain Korean candlelight protest situations. A key claim is that ANT must range beyond studies of science and technology to other "social" subjects because it raises much broader questions about the construction of the social and nature. Therefore, this paper focused more on how the public opinion was aggregate in the social process, rather than the result. And we can see that the role of non-human actors is highly important. Through this attempt the citizen can reveal undisclosed information and get power to have communication with the government.

关键词：国际关系外交外交行政外交政策

Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 10 cm: A multi-institution long-term observational study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第5期13卷 476-492页

作者： Chao-Wei lee Ming-Chin Yu Chih-Chi Wang Wei-Chen lee Hsin-I Tsai Feng-Che Kuan Chun-Wei Chen Yi-Chung Hsieh Hsing-Yu Chen Division of General Surgery Department of SurgeryLinkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalGuishan 333TaoyuanTaiwan College of Medicine Chang Gung UniversityGuishan 333TaoyuanTaiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences Chang Gung UniversityGuishan 333TaoyuanTaiwan Department of Surgery New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital(Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation)Tu-Cheng 236017New Taipei CityTaiwan Division of General Surgery Department of SurgeryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 833Taiwan Division of General Surgery Department of SurgeryChiayi Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi 613Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology Linkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalGuishan 333TaoyuanTaiwan Department of Hematology and Oncology Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi 613Taiwan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Linkou Chang Gung Memorial HospitalGuishan 333TaoyuanTaiwan Division of Chinese Internal Medicine Center for Traditional Chinese MedicineTaoyuan Chang Gung Memorial HospitalGuishan 33378TaoyuanTaiwan School of Traditional Chinese Medicine College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityGuishan 333TaoyuanTaiwan

BACKGROUND The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)≥10 cm remains a *** To consolidate the role of surgical resection for HCC larger than 10 *** Eligible HCC patients were identified from the Chang Gung Research Database,the largest multi-institution database,which collected medical records of all patients from Chang Gung Memorial *** surgical outcome of HCC≥10 cm(L-HCC)was compared to that of HCC<10 cm(S-HCC)(model 1).The survival of L-HCC after either liver resection or transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)was also analyzed(model 2).The long-term risks of all-cause mortality and recurrence were assessed to consolidate the role of surgery for *** From January 2004 to July 2015,a total of 32403 HCC patients were identified from the Chang Gung Research *** 3985 patients who received liver resection,3559(89.3%)had S-HCC,and 426 had *** L-HCC patients had a worse disease-free survival(0.27 for L-HCC vs 0.40 for S-HCC)and overall survival(0.18 for L-HCC vs 0.45 for S-HCC)than the S-HCC after liver resection(both P<0.001).However,the surgical and long-term outcome of resected L-HCC had improved dramatically in the recent *** adjusting for covariates,surgery could provide a better outcome for L-HCC than TACE(adjusted hazard ratio of all-cause mortality:0.46,95%confidence interval:0.38-0.56 for surgery).Subgroup analysis stratified by different stages showed similar trend of survival benefit among L-HCC patients receiving *** Our study demonstrated an improving surgical outcome for HCC larger than 10 *** selected conditions,surgery is better than TACE in terms of disease control and survival and should be *** to inferior survival,a subclassification within T1 stage should be *** studies are mandatory to confirm our findings.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma 10 cm Liver resection Transarterial chemoembolization Chang Gung Research Database

From“housekeeping”to“gatekeeping”:the enhanced role of the company secretary in the governance system

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商事法论集

商事法论集 2016年第2期 105-119页

作者： Joseph lee University of Exeter(UK) The British Academy(UK)

IntroductionThe company secretary is an English corporate invention and the office has continued to this day to enhance transparency and facilitate board *** removal of the requirement to appoint a company secretary to a private company by the Companies Act 2006 creates an opportunity to have a sharper focus on this 108-year-old corporate office with increased corporate governance *** English invention of a corporate officer has only been exported in a limited way,notably to other common law jurisdictions such as Hong Kong and *** some civil

关键词： to gatekeeping housekeeping the enhanced role of the company secretary in the governance system

A SHORT HISTORY OF OLD CHINESE OPHTHALMOLOGY

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1936年第10期50卷 1513-1519页

作者： lee TAO Division of Chinese Peiping Union Medical College Peiping

1. A brief historical sketch of Chinese ophthalmology is given, and the suggestion is made that a great part of Chinese ophthalmology is based on Indian medicine.2. The knowledge of anatomy of the eye is very scanty. The etiology of eye diseases is ascribed to the internal diseases.3. Many eye diseases are mentioned in ancient Chinese literature, and the different forms of treatment given for most of them may be Considered more or less useless.

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Biological efficacy of perpendicular type-I collagen protruded from TiO_(2)-nanotubes

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International Journal of Oral Science 2020年第4期12卷 346-355页

作者： Chia-Yu Chen David M.Kim Cliff lee John Da Silva Shigemi Nagai Toshiki Nojiri Masazumi Nagai Department of Oral Medicine Infection and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental Medicine188 Longwood AvenueBostonMAUSA Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences Harvard School of Dental Medicine188 Longwood AvenueBostonMAUSA Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology School of Dental MedicineIwate Medical University19-1 UchimaruMoriokaIwateJapan

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological efficacy of a unique perpendicular protrusion of type-I collagen(Col-I)from TiO2 nanotubes(NT-EPF surface).We hypothesized that the NT-EPF surface would play bifunctional roles in stimulating plateletmediated fibroblast recruitment and anchoring fibroblast-derived Col-I to form a perpendicular collagen assembly,mimicking the connective tissue attachment around natural teeth for the long-term maintenance of dental *** surface modification was accomplished in two ***,TiO2 nanotubes(NT)array was fabricated via *** and depths of NTs were controlled by applied voltage and ***,an electrophoretic fusion(EPF)method was applied to fuse Col-I into nanotube arrays in a perpendicular *** wettability was assessed by contact angle *** bioactivity of modified TiO2 surfaces was evaluated in terms of NIH3T3 fibroblast attachment,platelet activation,and collagen *** attachment,aggregation,and activation of platelets as well as release of platelet-related growth factors were demonstrated on NTEPF ***-mediated NIH3T3 cells migration toward NT-EPF was significantly increased and the attached cells showed a typical fibrous morphology with elongated spindle shape.A direct linkage between pseudopod-like processes of fibroblasts to NTEPF surfaces was ***,the engineered EPF collagen protrusion linked with cell-derived collagen in a perpendicular *** the limitation of this in vitro study,the TiO2 nanotube with perpendicular Col-I surface(NT-EPF)promoted better cell attachment,induced a strong platelet activation which suggested the ability to create a more robust soft tissue seal.

关键词： activation linkage sized

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Case Study of Oriental Conservative Treatment on Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

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世界中医骨科杂志 2007年第1期9卷 27-31页

作者： Dongyup lee Eunsang Ko Woongkyung lee Jonghwa lee Bluehill Oriental Medicine clinic Noah Oriental medicine clinic）

Object : As spine surgery is increasing recently, it can be inferred that cases of failed back surgery syndrome(FBSS) is also *** study is designed to report the effect of conservative treatment of FBSS in Oriental ***: 37 year-old male patient received conservative Oriental medicine treatment at a clinic (from 26, Oct, 2007 till 20, Jan, 2008 for 24 sessions) for 3 months after microscopic ***, Chuna manual treatment, Sling exercise and physical therapy was *** change before and after the treatment was evaluated by VAS, ODI and physical ***: The patient's main complaint was low back and pelvic pain and radiculopathy to the left thigh worsening when sitting at *** symptoms improved enough so that the patient had no certain difficulties at work and everyday *** scored improved from 10 to 2 and ODI score from 28 to 7 Conclusion: We suggest that Oriental conservative treatment was effective for low back and pelvic pain and radiculopathy to the *** conservative treatment can be a recommendable alternative for treatment of failed back surgery syndrome.

关键词：中医保守治疗背部外科手术综合征手术失败病例